The machine is always small but the infrastructure needed to do R&D to develop a machine for fabrication is huge. It is more difficult to make semiconductor than to make a nuclear bomb. Nukes were made in 1940s when there was no computer or automated precision machines. So, semiconductor technology is more classified than even nuclear bomb. A state may give nuclear technology but will not give semiconductor technology.
you are wrong here they are not state controlled technology and the size of support facility depends on the size of production line
by the way here you can see which countries have industrial scale fabs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_fabrication_plants
USA, Argentina, Australia, Italy, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands,
Northern Ireland, North Korea, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, UAE, UK.
add to that the list of countries who previously had FABs but closed them due to economical point of view
Spain, Serbia, Scotland, Ukraine
41 country well not a very exclusive club .you see every body can build a fab not that hard even north Korea or Belarus have one the technology is not state controlled , the hard part is producing lithography devices that print those chips and not every body can make them but as I said those device can easily bought from the market or even second hand.
by the way do you knew we designed this in 2006 our first SPARC processor ?