First of all being a so-called liberal has many stages. You can be liberal in terms of views on sexuality, economics, personal views or just your view of the state. That is in the West. In the Arab and Muslim world being a so-called liberal is different and not comparable because the systems, societies, traditions, customs and religion is way different.
When I say I am a conservative is does not mean that I am against reforms, progress or changes. It just means that I don't want a radical change of everything. Only a tiny amount of Arabs are liberals as real liberals in the West. Also you can be a liberal and a Muslim BTW.
What you are referring to is probably secularism. Islam cannot be changed - meaning the Noble Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Only in terms of interpretations there can sometimes be conflict.
In terms of wordily affairs such as technology, medicine etc. then those things have nothing to do with Islam as such. This is why some Muslims want secularism so that religion only becomes a private matter.
I on the other hand prefer a Islamic system if it works correctly but that is also understandable to the society that surrounds it, the wishes of the people and necessary changes.
But since we are humans there will always be problems. Anyway there will be modifications depending on the time, situation, country, need etc. It's far from black and white and I might change my opinions somewhere in the future.