The mahraja realised that there was no way to save the state went to Nehru for help , but Nehru declined to send armed forces until the Maharaja signed a Treaty of Accession with India which was eventually signed on 26th of October 1947 and the state of Jammu and Kashmir formally acceded to India which lead to the first Indo-Pak war.
After the accession India troops were air lifted to Srinagar from where they prepared their defenses and subsequently pushed the Pakistani forces more and more towards Pakistan. By the next spring Indian forces had reclaimed most parts of Ladakh , Poonch , Zoji la pass,Leh and Kargil most of what is in Indian occupation today , but Nehru decided to approach UN to intervene in the matter and The UN negotiated a ceasefire and thus what today is called the line of control was formed separting the parts of states ocuupied by India and Pakistan which has more or less remained the same ever since.
So in way India never actually controlled those areas of the state and what today is called "Azad Kashmir" and is not actually Kashmir at all. Pakistan controls the disrticts of Muzzaffrabad, Punch ,Mirpur ,Gilgit , Chillas and parts of Ladakh and Poonch. The Kashmir valley which is divided into the districts of Srinagar,Anatnag and Baramulla has been always under Indian control.
