want me to feel sorry for baathist scum?
Jazira census[edit]
On 23 August 1962, the government conducted a special population census only for the province of
Jazira, which was predominantly Kurdish. As a result, around 120,000 Kurds in Jazira (20% of Syrian Kurds) were stripped of their Syrian citizenship. In fact, the inhabitants had Syrian identity cards and were told to hand them over to the administration for renewal. However, many of those Kurds who submitted their cards received nothing in return. Many were arbitrarily categorized as
ajanib ('aliens'), while others who did not participate in the census were categorised as
maktumin ('unregistered'), an even lower status than the
ajanib; for all intents and purposes, these unregistered Kurds did not exist in the eyes of the state. They could not get jobs, become educated, own property, participate in politics, or even get married. In some cases, classifications varied even within Kurdish families: parents had citizenship but not their children, a child could be a citizen but nor his or her brothers and sisters. Those Kurds who lost their citizenship were often dispossessed of their lands, which were given by the state to Arab settlers.
[31] A media campaign was launched against the Kurds with slogans such as
Save Arabism in Jazira! and
Fight the Kurdish Menace!.
[32]
These policies in the Jazira region coincided with the beginning of
Barzani's
uprising in
Iraqi Kurdistan and discovery of oilfields in the Kurdish inhabited areas of Syria. In June 1963, Syria took part in the
Iraqi military campaign against the Kurds by providing aircraft, armoured vehicles and a force of 6,000 soldiers. Syrian troops crossed the Iraqi border and moved into Kurdish town of
Zakho in pursuit of Barzani's fighters
[33]
Arab cordon[edit]
In 1965, the Syrian government decided to create an Arab cordon (
Hizam Arabi) in the Jazira region along the
Turkish border. The cordon was 300 kilometers long and 10-15 kilometers wide, stretched from the
Iraqi border in the east to
Ras Al-Ain in the west. The implementation of the
Arab cordon plan began in 1973 and
Bedouin Arabs were brought in and resettled in
Kurdish areas. The
toponymy of the area such as village names were Arabized. According to the original plan, some 140,000 Kurds had to be deported to the southern desert near
Al-Raad. Although Kurdish farmers were dispossessed of their lands, they refused to move and give up their houses. Among these Kurdish villagers, those who were designated as alien are not allowed to own property, to repair a crumbling house or to build a new one.
[34]
Newroz protests[edit]
In March 1986, a few thousand Kurds wearing Kurdish costume gathered in the
Kurdish part of
Damascus to celebrate the spring festival of
Newroz. Police warned them that Kurdish dress is prohibited and it fired on the crowd leaving one person dead. Around 40,000 Kurds took part in his funeral in Qamishli. Also in
Afrin, three Kurds were killed during the Newroz demonstrations.
[35]
The
2004 Qamishli uprising refers to the uprising by
Syrian Kurds in the northeastern city of
Qamishli in March 2004. The riots started during a chaotic football match, when some fans of the guest team (Arabs) started raising pictures of
Saddam Hussein, an action that angered the fans of the host team (the Kurds). Both groups began throwing stones at each other, which soon developed to a political conflict as the Arab group raised pictures of Saddam Hussein while the Kurdish group raised the
Flag of Kurdistan. The
Ba'ath Party local office was burned down by Kurdish demonstrators, leading to the security forces reacting. The Syrian army responded quickly, deploying thousands of troops backed by tanks and helicopters, and launching a crack-down. Events climaxed when Kurds in Qamishli toppled a statue of
Hafez al-Assad. At least 30 Kurds were killed as the security services re-took the city.
[1] As a result of the crackdown, thousands of Syrian Kurds fled to Iraqi Kurdistan.