Type 075: When the Chinese helicopter carrier embarks a drone…
By Henri Kenhmann — East Pendulum (2020-06-30)
What if Type 075 helicopter carriers, the new vectors of the Chinese Navy's amphibious forces, were designed from the start to operate with drones?
After the integration tests of the Austrian Camcopter S-100 on the anti-submarine frigates Type 054A, photographed at least twice in June 2011 then in May 2012 by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), and the 2016 catapulting tests of a fixed-wing Wind Shadow, from the Chinese manufacturer AVIC, on the electromagnetic catapult at the
Naval Pilot Training Center in Xincheng, there is
no doubt that the Chinese Navy has been looking for a certain time to equip its ships with flying drones.
But it is neither on a first-class frigate, nor on a catapulted aircraft carrier (and yet studies are underway), that the first drones of the Chinese Navy will be operational, at least if we believe in the photos recently taken by a surfer in Shanghai.
The model of an alleged helicopter drone, on the deck of the lead ship of Type 075, next to that of a Z-8J. Image via SS-287
Launched on September 25, 2019 at the Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard, the fitting out of the Type 075 lead ship is progressing rapidly, despite the fire that started in its apron in April this year.
And as with all Chinese warships under construction, especially those with a deck and/or hangar, embarking full-scale models to test aviation installations on board is an integral part of factory tests before delivery.
But if we are used to seeing models of helicopters and on-board fighter aircraft such as the Z-8J, Z-9D and J-15 on surface vessels and aircraft carriers, or of Z-20 more recently on destroyers Type 052D
modified [
I guess the author meant Type 052DL with extended length thus longer deck] and Type 055, the appearance of what strongly resembles a drone, with rotary wing, is rather new.
Indeed, on the deck of this first Type 075 we can clearly distinguish, next to a model of Z-8J, the silhouette of an angular fairing machine, with what it seems to be a rotor and blades on the top.
Based on the well-known size of the Z-8J, we can extrapolate and estimate that the craft in question would measure in the 9.55 meters long (some say of 8.23 meters) and more than 2.5 meters tall, that is to say a little smaller than a Z-9, of an MTOW of 4100 kg, or even that a Z-11 of 2250 kg.
As no smaller light military helicopter program than the Z-11 is known today, except probably the EC120 Colibri used by the aviation school of the Chinese Army, we can then suppose that the new craft is in fact a drone, a helicopter drone
whose size exceeds practically all the projects made public so far.
On the left, the on-board version of WZ-5B
The WZ-6B on-board drone presented by NRIST in 2014
If the hypothesis of the helicopter drone is proven, the question to know what is the model and the manufacturer of this craft, which measures almost 10 meters long and which could make at least 1200 kg at takeoff, remains unresolved.
Today there are several Chinese entities capable of designing, or who already have projects in progress, in terms of on-board helicopter drone. We can cite for example a few national institutions such as the 601 Chengdu Institute and the 602 CHRDI Institute of the AVIC group, the aerospace groups CASC and CASIC, the specialist in target drones NRIST, the Chinese Academy of Sciences as well as several universities. aeronautics, or even private players such as ZHZ Tech, Ziyan UAV, Sunward Technology… etc.
The
NRIST (Nanjing Research Institute of Simulation Technology), better known by its other name the Institute 60 of the Chinese General Staff, notably made a good start in the matter at the 5th UAV Show China in September 2014, by presenting several helicopter drones specially designed to be embarked on warships. One of these drones exposed in the form of a model, the WZ-6B, weighs 1600 kg at takeoff and it has an autonomy of 8 flight hours.
But if the takeoff weight could correspond in the case of the
WZ-6B, the shape of the airframe clearly diverges from the craft which is on the Type 075 in the photo.
On the other hand, the physical appearance of the drone on the Chinese helicopter carrier is close to that of the
AR-500C, a helicopter drone developed by the 602 Institute of
CHRDI (Chinese Helicopter Research and Development Institute) of the AVIC Group, which made its first flight on May 20 this year.
Although the physical resemblance can never be a tangible proof of the kinship of industrial products, but this gave a reason to look for what this design office of AVIC, specialized in the design of helicopters and which has already designed several helicopter drones like the famous
AV-500W, made in terms of on-board drone.
And we just learned that the CHRDI won an important tender from the Chinese Navy, on September 8, 2016, on the development of a drone. The project is described as having "
historic importance in the development of naval equipment for China" (该项目非同凡响,对于促进我国海军武器装备发展具有划时代意义。).
[Just] Few elements are leaked from the request for tenders and the project, but an
in-depth search in the articles published between 2015 and 2018 still allows us to extract several interesting points:
• The CHRDI “won hands down” this call for tenders, in front of several private companies and institutions in this field.
• It is requested that the drone be operated in a "highly complex" environment.
• One of the key characteristics required in the specifications is to have significant autonomy in flight.
• The tanks of the machine were enlarged during the design, the wall thickness is reduced and passes from 1mm to 0.4mm.
• The person responsible for the design of these tanks is also working on the AC352 project (the localized version of Airbus H175) and that of a heavy helicopter.
• The on-board systems of the drone went into the testing phase in May 2018.
CG amateur of the craft on Type 075 via 大包00
It is still premature to confirm with certainty that the craft on the first Type 075 helicopter carrier is indeed a helicopter drone, and that it is the one developed by CHRDI.
But while waiting for new elements from open sources, it will be useful to focus on scenarios for the use of a flying drone in the Chinese Navy.
Because 10 years after their first qualification tests, the entry into service of drones on Chinese warships is only a matter of time.