The origins of tribes across Pakistan and Hindustan

[EAK]

Anything about Gakhars or kiyani's will be appreciated

 

[lastofthepatriots]

Anything about Gakhars or kiyani's will be appreciated

Kiyanis come from Afghanistan.

 

[EAK]

Kiyanis come from Afghanistan.

Migrated from egypt to persia to afghanistan to pakistan ..>> As per my daddi

 

[Proudpakistaniguy]

Thanks that was very detailed. Although there are some points I disagree with what I've been told by my elders, it seems to be that everyone in Punjab is either a Jatt or Rajput. I wonder what happened to the previous inhabitants and if there are any clans/tribes that can be classified as indigenous (Pre Rajput/Jatt migration).

I think you have quoted a wrong post because your quoted post talk about history/origin of Janjua and history of photohar region. What was told to you by your elders mate? Tribes of Punjab are considered as the descendents of the different racial stocks that entered the region in the past. Thus, it can be said that the population of Punjab comprises a mixed and heterogeneous race. This land is considered as the meeting ground of various races and people. In the past, the Greeks, Scythians, Turks, Huns, Mongols and Afghans made consecutive invasions into Punjab. Later on, some of them also settled here permanently and adopted the indigenous traditions and customs of this land. With the passage of time, they merged with the local population and their cultural traits became an integral part of the diverse culture of this land

Punjab is the cradle of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years old. Archaeological excavations, throughout the state, have revealed evidences of the magnificent cities of Harapa and Mohenjodaro that existed along the banks of the mighty Indus river and its tributaries. Mahabharata , which narrates life between the 7th and 5th centuries BC, contains rich descriptions of the land and people of Punjab at that time.

The khatris kingdoms of Punjab were in decline as the result of Mahabarata where majority of Punjabi kingdoms were on the side of Kauravas against the Pandavas supported by newcomer nomad Yadavs. The annihilation of Khatris in the hands of Persian invaders around 500 BC is documented in Indian mythology as destruction of kshatriyas by Parshu Rama (Parshu = Persia, Ram = King). They also bore the brunt of Greek invasion under Alexander, the Great in 320 BC. The scythian settlers filled in the vacuum and established new kingdoms across Punjab. Cities like Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Gujarat, Gojra, Sialkot, Bhatinda were stttled by these newcomers. Punjabi clans such as Rawals or Bhattis, Janjuas, Chauhans, Samra, Rathods, Sials, Mairs, Parmars, Minhas, and Dogras are the descendants of these kingdoms in Punjab

or the musalis ...

Sunar, Lohar, Julaha, Tarkhan, Nai Hajjam, darzi, teli, Qasaab, dhobi, mirasi, Chura/khakroob are profession more than tribes

@Joe Shearer and Juggernaut I am very busy right now so i will give rest to history at the moment so would let you guys to carry on discussion without hating each others

 

[Shahzaz ud din]

Arains aren't Rajputs. We look different.

Originally Posted by Cocopopsmonkey
I am of Punjabi Arain origin - grandparents hail from Jalandhar.

My family has always claimed to be of Arab/Iranian origin. Both sides have claimed that we moved from Arabia to Persia to Multan, Punjab and from there on to Jalandhar, Punjab. However, I have always been sceptical about their version of events and their desire to have origins other than what they in fact are.

DNA Ancestry Results

Asia South 97%
Asia Central 1%
Iberian Peninsula 1%
Melanesia 1%

 

[lastofthepatriots]

Originally Posted by Cocopopsmonkey
I am of Punjabi Arain origin - grandparents hail from Jalandhar.

My family has always claimed to be of Arab/Iranian origin. Both sides have claimed that we moved from Arabia to Persia to Multan, Punjab and from there on to Jalandhar, Punjab. However, I have always been sceptical about their version of events and their desire to have origins other than what they in fact are.

DNA Ancestry Results

Asia South 97%
Asia Central 1%
Iberian Peninsula 1%
Melanesia 1%

Just one person's results are not conclusive in determining the origins of Arain people. I'd like to think we are native to South Asia.

 

[Shahzaz ud din]

Originally Posted by Cocopopsmonkey
I am of Punjabi Arain origin - grandparents hail from Jalandhar.

My family has always claimed to be of Arab/Iranian origin. Both sides have claimed that we moved from Arabia to Persia to Multan, Punjab and from there on to Jalandhar, Punjab. However, I have always been sceptical about their version of events and their desire to have origins other than what they in fact are.

DNA Ancestry Results

Asia South 97%
Asia Central 1%
Iberian Peninsula 1%
Melanesia 1%

I always wondered if Punjabi Arains were Kamboh/Kambojs who converted to Islam. Because so far I have only seen results of one Sikh Kamboj and they are very similar to yours. Basically less Euro and more caucasian on harrappa.
Which raises the question, what group Punjabi arains belonged to before conversion to islam.

Here are results of a Sikh kamboj, although he has stated that his family has mixed with Jatts and Tarkhans in past 4 generations.

# Population Percent
1 Baloch 36.97
2 S-Indian 30.53
3 Caucasian 14.69
4 NE-Euro 10.81
5 Mediterranean 1.79

 

[BATMAN]

The annihilation of Khatris in the hands of Persian invaders around 500 BC is documented in Indian mythology

Holy Moly... Khatris are really that old! or Indian history may be having some exaggeration.

 

[lastofthepatriots]

I always wondered if Punjabi Arains were Kamboh/Kambojs who converted to Islam. Because so far I have only seen results of one Sikh Kamboj and they are very similar to yours. Basically less Euro and more caucasian on harrappa.
Which raises the question, what group Punjabi arains belonged to before conversion to islam.

Here are results of a Sikh kamboj, although he has stated that his family has mixed with Jatts and Tarkhans in past 4 generations.

# Population Percent
1 Baloch 36.97
2 S-Indian 30.53
3 Caucasian 14.69
4 NE-Euro 10.81
5 Mediterranean 1.79

Not interested in Kamboj. Show more results of Arains please.

 

[Shahzaz ud din]

Just one person's results are not conclusive in determining the origins of Arain people. I'd like to think we are native to South Asia.

I confirm both my maternal and paternal grandparents are from Jalandhar, though I understand I also had family in Ludhiana, prior to partition.

Another person has requested that I post the following results:

Eurogenes K13 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):


# Population Percent
1 South_Asian 42.77
2 West_Asian 39.21
3 Baltic 6.52
4 East_Med 5.94
5 North_Atlantic 3.01
6 Amerindian 1.06
7 Oceanian 0.86
8 Sub-Saharan 0.52
9 Siberian 0.1

Just one person's results are not conclusive in determining the origins of Arain people. I'd like to think we are native to South Asia.

Gene Expression


« Open Thread, 8/4/2013Population structure, concrete and ineffable »
What the Harappa Ancestry Project has resolved
By Razib Khan | August 4, 2013 7:39 pm
466

My friend Zack Ajmal has been running the Harappa Ancestry Project for several years now. This is a non-institutional complement to the genomic research which occurs in the academy. His motivation was in large part to fill in the gaps of population coverage within South Asia which one sees in the academic literature. Much of this is due to politics, as the government of India has traditionally been reluctant to allow sample collection (ergo, the HGDP data uses Pakistanis as their South Asian reference, while the HapMap collected DNA from Indian Americans in Houston). Of course this sort of project is not without its own blind spots. Zack must rely on public data sets to get a better picture of groups like tribal populations and Dalits, because they are so underrepresented in the Diaspora from which he draws many of the project participants.

Once Zack has the genotype one of the primary things he does is add it to his broader data set (which includes many public samples) and analyze it with the Admixture model-based clustering package. What Admixture does is take a specific number of populations (e.g. K = 12) and generate quantity assignments to individuals. So, for example individual A might be assigned 40% population 1 and 60% population 2 for K = 2. Individual B might be 45% population 1 and 55% population 2. These are not necessarily ‘real’ populations. Rather, the populations and their proportions are there to allow you to discern patterns of relationships across individuals.

Since Zack has put his results online, I thought it would be useful to review what patterns have emerged over the past two years, as his sample sizes for some regions are now moderately significant. Though he has K=16 populations, not all of them will concern us, because South Asians do not tend to exhibit many of the components. I will focus on seven: S Indian, Baloch, Caucasian, NE Euro, SE Asian, Siberian and NE Asian. These are not real populations, but the labels tell you which region these components are modal. So, for example, the “S Indian” component peaks in southern India. The “Baloch” in among the Baloch people of southeastern Iran and southwest Pakistan. The “NE Euro” among the eastern Baltic peoples. The last three are Asian components, running the latitude from south to north to center. They only concern the first population of interest, Bengalis. I will combine these last three together as “Asian.”

Below is a table, mostly individuals from Zack’s results (though there are some aggregate results from public data sets). Comments below.

Ethnicity SIndian Baloch Caucasian NEEuro Asian
Bengali 53% 28% 2% 5% 8%
Bengali Baidya 45% 30% 3% 5% 12%
Bengali Baidya 45% 27% 3% 6% 12%
Bengali Brahmin 45% 35% 2% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 44% 35% 5% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 43% 35% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 42% 32% 4% 8% 6%
Bengali Brahmin 41% 33% 7% 8% 5%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 33% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 30% 6% 10% 7%
Bengali Muslim 50% 25% 1% 5% 15%
Bengali Muslim 49% 28% 3% 4% 15%
Bengali Muslim 45% 27% 4% 4% 17%
Bengali Muslim 45% 26% 2% 2% 16%
Bengali Muslim 45% 24% 1% 3% 19%
Bengali Muslim 43% 25% 3% 2% 18%
Bengali Muslim 48% 27% 0% 5% 15%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 6% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 35% 5% 6%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 40% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 46% 40% 3% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 50% 35% 2% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 35% 6% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 4% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 6% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 43% 35% 6% 5%
Tamil Muslim 58% 28% 3% 2%
Tamil Nadar 62% 30% 0% 0%
Tamil Nadar 59% 32% 3% 0%
Tamil Nadar 55% 30% 3% 0%
Tamil Vellalar 50% 35% 6% 1%
Tamil Vellalar 51% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 33% 0% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 56% 36% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 70% 23% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 66% 25% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 60% 34% 2% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 54% 36% 2% 3%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 56% 29% 5% 0%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 47% 35% 8% 4%
Andhra Pradesh Gouda 61% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Kamma 51% 33% 7% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Kapu 62% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Naidu 51% 32% 4% 2%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 57% 37% 1% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 54% 38% 3% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 51% 35% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 50% 36% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Telegu Brahmin 45% 33% 6% 4%
AP Brahmin (Xing, N = 25) 49% 36% 3% 6%
AP Naidu (Reich, N = 4) 61% 31% 1% 1%
Kannada Devanga 60% 31% 3% 1%
Karnataka Catholic Christian 56% 37% 3% 0%
Karnataka Lingayat 55% 34% 4% 0%
Karnataka 54% 36% 2% 0%
Karnataka Brahmin 51% 35% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 49% 36% 5% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 39% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 37% 3% 7%
Karnataka Brahmin 47% 38% 4% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 47% 37% 2% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 46% 33% 6% 7%
Karnataka Kokani Brahmin 44% 34% 6% 5%
Kerala 47% 33% 7% 2%
Kerala Brahmin 43% 39% 4% 6%
Kerala Christian 53% 35% 4% 0%
Kerala Christian 50% 35% 8% 1%
Kerala Christian 45% 33% 7% 3%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 53% 35% 2% 1%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 51% 28% 4% 3%
Kerala Nair 48% 40% 4% 0%
Kerala Nair 47% 38% 5% 5%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 37% 6% 0%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 35% 9% 1%
Kerala Syrian Christian 46% 33% 5% 4%
Kerala Syrian Christian 44% 33% 6% 4%
Pathan (HGDP, N = 23) 23% 42% 16% 11%
Kalash (HGDP, N = 23) 22% 43% 18% 11%
Burusho (HGDP, N = 25) 23% 41% 12% 10%
Brahui (HGDP, N = 25) 12% 58% 12% 2%
Sindhi (HGDP, N = 24) 29% 46% 10% 6%
Kashmiri Pandit (Reich, N = 5) 32% 39% 12% 9%
Punjabi 43% 36% 5% 9%
Punjabi 39% 39% 9% 7%
Punjabi 34% 43% 7% 7%
Punjabi 34% 40% 12% 8%
Punjabi 33% 44% 5% 10%
Punjabi 31% 41% 14% 8%
Punjabi 29% 36% 11% 11%
Punjabi Arain 31% 44% 10% 7%
Punjabi Brahmin 35% 40% 8% 11%
Punjabi Brahmin 33% 41% 13% 10%
Punjabi Chamar 40% 33% 9% 6%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 39% 11% 10%
Punjabi Jatt 30% 44% 6% 14%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 42% 8% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 46% 7% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 40% 10% 15%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 44% 10% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 35% 16% 11%
Punjabi Jatt Muslim 30% 39% 13% 8%
Punjabi Khatri 30% 42% 12% 12%
Punjabi Lahori Muslim 31% 44% 11% 8%
Punjabi Pahari Rajput 34% 43% 11% 7%
Punjabi Pakistan 28% 36% 16% 7%
Punjabi Ramgarhia 35% 43% 5% 9%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jatt 28% 38% 5% 20%
Haryana Jatt 26% 39% 10% 17%
Rajasthan Marwari Jain 47% 34% 5% 6%
Rajasthani Agarwal 51% 37% 6% 1%
Rajasthani Brahmin 32% 38% 9% 15%
Rajasthani Marwari 48% 34% 6% 2%
Rajasthani Rajput 45% 38% 5% 9%
UP 40% 28% 10% 8%
UP Brahmin 41% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 40% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 37% 38% 2% 14%
UP Kayastha 47% 38% 5% 3%
UP Muslim 33% 33% 10% 9%
UP Muslim 28% 35% 12% 11%
UP Muslim Pathan 48% 36% 7% 4%
UP Muslim Syed 33% 31% 13% 7%
UP Syed 36% 37% 7% 8%
UP/Haryana Agarwal 52% 35% 6% 2%
UP/Haryana Jatt 28% 42% 7% 18%
UP/Madhya Pradesh 51% 27% 1% 7%
UP/Punjabi 40% 33% 7% 10%
UP/Punjabi Khatri 27% 43% 10% 11%
Bihari Baniya 47% 31% 5% 5%
Bihari Brahmin 39% 38% 5% 11%
Bihari Kayastha 53% 33% 1% 7%
Bihari Muslim 48% 28% 5% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 34% 9% 6%
Bihari Muslim 41% 36% 7% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 32% 7% 9%
Bihari Syed 42% 35% 4% 9%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 63, Patel) 54% 42% 0% 1%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 34, Non-Patel) 44% 39% 5%

I confirm both my maternal and paternal grandparents are from Jalandhar, though I understand I also had family in Ludhiana, prior to partition.

Another person has requested that I post the following results:

Eurogenes K13 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):


# Population Percent
1 South_Asian 42.77
2 West_Asian 39.21
3 Baltic 6.52
4 East_Med 5.94
5 North_Atlantic 3.01
6 Amerindian 1.06
7 Oceanian 0.86
8 Sub-Saharan 0.52
9 Siberian 0.1



Gene Expression


« Open Thread, 8/4/2013Population structure, concrete and ineffable »
What the Harappa Ancestry Project has resolved
By Razib Khan | August 4, 2013 7:39 pm
466

My friend Zack Ajmal has been running the Harappa Ancestry Project for several years now. This is a non-institutional complement to the genomic research which occurs in the academy. His motivation was in large part to fill in the gaps of population coverage within South Asia which one sees in the academic literature. Much of this is due to politics, as the government of India has traditionally been reluctant to allow sample collection (ergo, the HGDP data uses Pakistanis as their South Asian reference, while the HapMap collected DNA from Indian Americans in Houston). Of course this sort of project is not without its own blind spots. Zack must rely on public data sets to get a better picture of groups like tribal populations and Dalits, because they are so underrepresented in the Diaspora from which he draws many of the project participants.

Once Zack has the genotype one of the primary things he does is add it to his broader data set (which includes many public samples) and analyze it with the Admixture model-based clustering package. What Admixture does is take a specific number of populations (e.g. K = 12) and generate quantity assignments to individuals. So, for example individual A might be assigned 40% population 1 and 60% population 2 for K = 2. Individual B might be 45% population 1 and 55% population 2. These are not necessarily ‘real’ populations. Rather, the populations and their proportions are there to allow you to discern patterns of relationships across individuals.

Since Zack has put his results online, I thought it would be useful to review what patterns have emerged over the past two years, as his sample sizes for some regions are now moderately significant. Though he has K=16 populations, not all of them will concern us, because South Asians do not tend to exhibit many of the components. I will focus on seven: S Indian, Baloch, Caucasian, NE Euro, SE Asian, Siberian and NE Asian. These are not real populations, but the labels tell you which region these components are modal. So, for example, the “S Indian” component peaks in southern India. The “Baloch” in among the Baloch people of southeastern Iran and southwest Pakistan. The “NE Euro” among the eastern Baltic peoples. The last three are Asian components, running the latitude from south to north to center. They only concern the first population of interest, Bengalis. I will combine these last three together as “Asian.”

Below is a table, mostly individuals from Zack’s results (though there are some aggregate results from public data sets). Comments below.

Ethnicity SIndian Baloch Caucasian NEEuro Asian
Bengali 53% 28% 2% 5% 8%
Bengali Baidya 45% 30% 3% 5% 12%
Bengali Baidya 45% 27% 3% 6% 12%
Bengali Brahmin 45% 35% 2% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 44% 35% 5% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 43% 35% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 42% 32% 4% 8% 6%
Bengali Brahmin 41% 33% 7% 8% 5%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 33% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 30% 6% 10% 7%
Bengali Muslim 50% 25% 1% 5% 15%
Bengali Muslim 49% 28% 3% 4% 15%
Bengali Muslim 45% 27% 4% 4% 17%
Bengali Muslim 45% 26% 2% 2% 16%
Bengali Muslim 45% 24% 1% 3% 19%
Bengali Muslim 43% 25% 3% 2% 18%
Bengali Muslim 48% 27% 0% 5% 15%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 6% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 35% 5% 6%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 40% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 46% 40% 3% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 50% 35% 2% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 35% 6% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 4% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 6% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 43% 35% 6% 5%
Tamil Muslim 58% 28% 3% 2%
Tamil Nadar 62% 30% 0% 0%
Tamil Nadar 59% 32% 3% 0%
Tamil Nadar 55% 30% 3% 0%
Tamil Vellalar 50% 35% 6% 1%
Tamil Vellalar 51% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 33% 0% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 56% 36% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 70% 23% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 66% 25% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 60% 34% 2% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 54% 36% 2% 3%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 56% 29% 5% 0%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 47% 35% 8% 4%
Andhra Pradesh Gouda 61% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Kamma 51% 33% 7% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Kapu 62% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Naidu 51% 32% 4% 2%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 57% 37% 1% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 54% 38% 3% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 51% 35% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 50% 36% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Telegu Brahmin 45% 33% 6% 4%
AP Brahmin (Xing, N = 25) 49% 36% 3% 6%
AP Naidu (Reich, N = 4) 61% 31% 1% 1%
Kannada Devanga 60% 31% 3% 1%
Karnataka Catholic Christian 56% 37% 3% 0%
Karnataka Lingayat 55% 34% 4% 0%
Karnataka 54% 36% 2% 0%
Karnataka Brahmin 51% 35% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 49% 36% 5% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 39% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 37% 3% 7%
Karnataka Brahmin 47% 38% 4% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 47% 37% 2% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 46% 33% 6% 7%
Karnataka Kokani Brahmin 44% 34% 6% 5%
Kerala 47% 33% 7% 2%
Kerala Brahmin 43% 39% 4% 6%
Kerala Christian 53% 35% 4% 0%
Kerala Christian 50% 35% 8% 1%
Kerala Christian 45% 33% 7% 3%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 53% 35% 2% 1%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 51% 28% 4% 3%
Kerala Nair 48% 40% 4% 0%
Kerala Nair 47% 38% 5% 5%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 37% 6% 0%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 35% 9% 1%
Kerala Syrian Christian 46% 33% 5% 4%
Kerala Syrian Christian 44% 33% 6% 4%
Pathan (HGDP, N = 23) 23% 42% 16% 11%
Kalash (HGDP, N = 23) 22% 43% 18% 11%
Burusho (HGDP, N = 25) 23% 41% 12% 10%
Brahui (HGDP, N = 25) 12% 58% 12% 2%
Sindhi (HGDP, N = 24) 29% 46% 10% 6%
Kashmiri Pandit (Reich, N = 5) 32% 39% 12% 9%
Punjabi 43% 36% 5% 9%
Punjabi 39% 39% 9% 7%
Punjabi 34% 43% 7% 7%
Punjabi 34% 40% 12% 8%
Punjabi 33% 44% 5% 10%
Punjabi 31% 41% 14% 8%
Punjabi 29% 36% 11% 11%
Punjabi Arain 31% 44% 10% 7%
Punjabi Brahmin 35% 40% 8% 11%
Punjabi Brahmin 33% 41% 13% 10%
Punjabi Chamar 40% 33% 9% 6%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 39% 11% 10%
Punjabi Jatt 30% 44% 6% 14%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 42% 8% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 46% 7% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 40% 10% 15%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 44% 10% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 35% 16% 11%
Punjabi Jatt Muslim 30% 39% 13% 8%
Punjabi Khatri 30% 42% 12% 12%
Punjabi Lahori Muslim 31% 44% 11% 8%
Punjabi Pahari Rajput 34% 43% 11% 7%
Punjabi Pakistan 28% 36% 16% 7%
Punjabi Ramgarhia 35% 43% 5% 9%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jatt 28% 38% 5% 20%
Haryana Jatt 26% 39% 10% 17%
Rajasthan Marwari Jain 47% 34% 5% 6%
Rajasthani Agarwal 51% 37% 6% 1%
Rajasthani Brahmin 32% 38% 9% 15%
Rajasthani Marwari 48% 34% 6% 2%
Rajasthani Rajput 45% 38% 5% 9%
UP 40% 28% 10% 8%
UP Brahmin 41% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 40% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 37% 38% 2% 14%
UP Kayastha 47% 38% 5% 3%
UP Muslim 33% 33% 10% 9%
UP Muslim 28% 35% 12% 11%
UP Muslim Pathan 48% 36% 7% 4%
UP Muslim Syed 33% 31% 13% 7%
UP Syed 36% 37% 7% 8%
UP/Haryana Agarwal 52% 35% 6% 2%
UP/Haryana Jatt 28% 42% 7% 18%
UP/Madhya Pradesh 51% 27% 1% 7%
UP/Punjabi 40% 33% 7% 10%
UP/Punjabi Khatri 27% 43% 10% 11%
Bihari Baniya 47% 31% 5% 5%
Bihari Brahmin 39% 38% 5% 11%
Bihari Kayastha 53% 33% 1% 7%
Bihari Muslim 48% 28% 5% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 34% 9% 6%
Bihari Muslim 41% 36% 7% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 32% 7% 9%
Bihari Syed 42% 35% 4% 9%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 63, Patel) 54% 42% 0% 1%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 34, Non-Patel) 44% 39% 5%

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Anonymous said...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arain
Genetics:
Genetic datasets taken from 25 Pakistani Punjabi Arain by Xing et al's Human genome variation study paints an intriguing picture. Preliminary studies by the Harappa Ancestry Project of the data of the Arain group show an almost identical profile to Sindhi's (without African admixture), however there appears to be little West Asian contribution, indicating any recent descent from an Arab population is unlikely. [14]

Interestingly this does back up the idea that Arain and Sindhi groups are related, so tales of Arain migration from Sindh to Punjab may hold some truth, as well as the idea that Arain converted to Islam under the rule of Muhammad bin Qasim.

There are some flaws in this data, it is most likely that Arain genetic profiles vary according to the region and economic class of the Arains involved. This is backed up by the observation that Western Punjab Arain often have coloured eyes and fairer skin than their Eastern Punjab counterparts. However since the creation of Pakistan there has been increased intermarriage between the two groups creating a more complex genetic picture. The ancestral background of the subjects is not stated beyond classing the probands as Arain.
Regards
Amir Arain
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Volvo Rex said...

This Arab theory is flawed and fabricated. Arains are descendants of Scythian Medes who settled in Sindh in around 200 AD, moving from Eastern Balochistan (Bolan Pass) into the lower Indus Valley. They were originally Buddhist and fought together with Muhammad bin Qasim's army against Raja Dahir. Arains and Jatts have a common history, both farming/zamindar people, originally from lower Indus Valley, Sindh.

Arain genetics prove the Scythian Medes link. On Harappa DNA, Arains show average 45% Gedrosian Baloch, higher than other Punjabis, component which is Eurasian/Western Asian component related to the Eastern Medes Scythians.
In addition, they have lowest ASI of all groups, 5-6 individual samples show 18-24% ASI, comparable to the Pashtuns, Burusho and Kalash, indicating Scythian origin. Arains have average 22% European in Harappa DNA, also pointing to Scythian Medes ancestry. Haplogroup R1a is in frequency in Arains, pointing to Scythian Medes link.

Arains are known to have then moved up the Indus River to Panjnad and converted to Islam from Buddhism at the behest of Makhdoom Jahanian Sharif at Uch. Later, after fighting with Hindu Bhattis of Jaisalmer, they moved into Majha and Doaba regions of Punjab where they settled down and started farming. Apart from the Janjuas and Sikh Jatts, they are the only tribe that can have said to have ruled Punjab in the form of Adina Beg Khan, Arain chief of the Jullundur Doab and later all of Punjab. He defeated the invading Durrani and Rohilla Afghans in war and the Ahluwalia and Ramgarhia Sikh misls to the East and united Punjabi Muslims for the first time in history.

Arains also show very Scythian Iranic features. Examples of Arain cricketers showing Scythian Iranic features:

I confirm both my maternal and paternal grandparents are from Jalandhar, though I understand I also had family in Ludhiana, prior to partition.

Another person has requested that I post the following results:

Eurogenes K13 Oracle results:

Admix Results (sorted):


# Population Percent
1 South_Asian 42.77
2 West_Asian 39.21
3 Baltic 6.52
4 East_Med 5.94
5 North_Atlantic 3.01
6 Amerindian 1.06
7 Oceanian 0.86
8 Sub-Saharan 0.52
9 Siberian 0.1



Gene Expression


« Open Thread, 8/4/2013Population structure, concrete and ineffable »
What the Harappa Ancestry Project has resolved
By Razib Khan | August 4, 2013 7:39 pm
466

My friend Zack Ajmal has been running the Harappa Ancestry Project for several years now. This is a non-institutional complement to the genomic research which occurs in the academy. His motivation was in large part to fill in the gaps of population coverage within South Asia which one sees in the academic literature. Much of this is due to politics, as the government of India has traditionally been reluctant to allow sample collection (ergo, the HGDP data uses Pakistanis as their South Asian reference, while the HapMap collected DNA from Indian Americans in Houston). Of course this sort of project is not without its own blind spots. Zack must rely on public data sets to get a better picture of groups like tribal populations and Dalits, because they are so underrepresented in the Diaspora from which he draws many of the project participants.

Once Zack has the genotype one of the primary things he does is add it to his broader data set (which includes many public samples) and analyze it with the Admixture model-based clustering package. What Admixture does is take a specific number of populations (e.g. K = 12) and generate quantity assignments to individuals. So, for example individual A might be assigned 40% population 1 and 60% population 2 for K = 2. Individual B might be 45% population 1 and 55% population 2. These are not necessarily ‘real’ populations. Rather, the populations and their proportions are there to allow you to discern patterns of relationships across individuals.

Since Zack has put his results online, I thought it would be useful to review what patterns have emerged over the past two years, as his sample sizes for some regions are now moderately significant. Though he has K=16 populations, not all of them will concern us, because South Asians do not tend to exhibit many of the components. I will focus on seven: S Indian, Baloch, Caucasian, NE Euro, SE Asian, Siberian and NE Asian. These are not real populations, but the labels tell you which region these components are modal. So, for example, the “S Indian” component peaks in southern India. The “Baloch” in among the Baloch people of southeastern Iran and southwest Pakistan. The “NE Euro” among the eastern Baltic peoples. The last three are Asian components, running the latitude from south to north to center. They only concern the first population of interest, Bengalis. I will combine these last three together as “Asian.”

Below is a table, mostly individuals from Zack’s results (though there are some aggregate results from public data sets). Comments below.

Ethnicity SIndian Baloch Caucasian NEEuro Asian
Bengali 53% 28% 2% 5% 8%
Bengali Baidya 45% 30% 3% 5% 12%
Bengali Baidya 45% 27% 3% 6% 12%
Bengali Brahmin 45% 35% 2% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 44% 35% 5% 11% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 43% 35% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 42% 32% 4% 8% 6%
Bengali Brahmin 41% 33% 7% 8% 5%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 33% 4% 10% 4%
Bengali Brahmin 40% 30% 6% 10% 7%
Bengali Muslim 50% 25% 1% 5% 15%
Bengali Muslim 49% 28% 3% 4% 15%
Bengali Muslim 45% 27% 4% 4% 17%
Bengali Muslim 45% 26% 2% 2% 16%
Bengali Muslim 45% 24% 1% 3% 19%
Bengali Muslim 43% 25% 3% 2% 18%
Bengali Muslim 48% 27% 0% 5% 15%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 6% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 37% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 48% 35% 5% 6%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin 47% 40% 3% 5%
Tamil Brahmin 46% 40% 3% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 50% 35% 2% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 38% 6% 4%
Tamil Brahmin Iyengar 47% 35% 6% 6%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 4% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 48% 38% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 2% 5%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 47% 37% 6% 8%
Tamil Brahmin Iyer 43% 35% 6% 5%
Tamil Muslim 58% 28% 3% 2%
Tamil Nadar 62% 30% 0% 0%
Tamil Nadar 59% 32% 3% 0%
Tamil Nadar 55% 30% 3% 0%
Tamil Vellalar 50% 35% 6% 1%
Tamil Vellalar 51% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 32% 5% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 60% 33% 0% 0%
Tamil Vellalar (Sri Lankan) 56% 36% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 70% 23% 0% 0%
Tamil Vishwakarma 66% 25% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 60% 34% 2% 0%
Andhra Pradesh 54% 36% 2% 3%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 56% 29% 5% 0%
Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) 47% 35% 8% 4%
Andhra Pradesh Gouda 61% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Kamma 51% 33% 7% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Kapu 62% 30% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Naidu 51% 32% 4% 2%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 57% 37% 1% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 54% 38% 3% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 51% 35% 4% 0%
Andhra Pradesh Reddy 50% 36% 2% 1%
Andhra Pradesh Telegu Brahmin 45% 33% 6% 4%
AP Brahmin (Xing, N = 25) 49% 36% 3% 6%
AP Naidu (Reich, N = 4) 61% 31% 1% 1%
Kannada Devanga 60% 31% 3% 1%
Karnataka Catholic Christian 56% 37% 3% 0%
Karnataka Lingayat 55% 34% 4% 0%
Karnataka 54% 36% 2% 0%
Karnataka Brahmin 51% 35% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 49% 36% 5% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 39% 3% 5%
Karnataka Iyengar 48% 37% 3% 7%
Karnataka Brahmin 47% 38% 4% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 47% 37% 2% 6%
Karnataka Konkani Brahmin 46% 33% 6% 7%
Karnataka Kokani Brahmin 44% 34% 6% 5%
Kerala 47% 33% 7% 2%
Kerala Brahmin 43% 39% 4% 6%
Kerala Christian 53% 35% 4% 0%
Kerala Christian 50% 35% 8% 1%
Kerala Christian 45% 33% 7% 3%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 53% 35% 2% 1%
Kerala Muslim Rawther 51% 28% 4% 3%
Kerala Nair 48% 40% 4% 0%
Kerala Nair 47% 38% 5% 5%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 37% 6% 0%
Kerala Syrian Christian 50% 35% 9% 1%
Kerala Syrian Christian 46% 33% 5% 4%
Kerala Syrian Christian 44% 33% 6% 4%
Pathan (HGDP, N = 23) 23% 42% 16% 11%
Kalash (HGDP, N = 23) 22% 43% 18% 11%
Burusho (HGDP, N = 25) 23% 41% 12% 10%
Brahui (HGDP, N = 25) 12% 58% 12% 2%
Sindhi (HGDP, N = 24) 29% 46% 10% 6%
Kashmiri Pandit (Reich, N = 5) 32% 39% 12% 9%
Punjabi 43% 36% 5% 9%
Punjabi 39% 39% 9% 7%
Punjabi 34% 43% 7% 7%
Punjabi 34% 40% 12% 8%
Punjabi 33% 44% 5% 10%
Punjabi 31% 41% 14% 8%
Punjabi 29% 36% 11% 11%
Punjabi Arain 31% 44% 10% 7%
Punjabi Brahmin 35% 40% 8% 11%
Punjabi Brahmin 33% 41% 13% 10%
Punjabi Chamar 40% 33% 9% 6%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 39% 11% 10%
Punjabi Jatt 30% 44% 6% 14%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 42% 8% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 46% 7% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 28% 40% 10% 15%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 44% 10% 13%
Punjabi Jatt 27% 35% 16% 11%
Punjabi Jatt Muslim 30% 39% 13% 8%
Punjabi Khatri 30% 42% 12% 12%
Punjabi Lahori Muslim 31% 44% 11% 8%
Punjabi Pahari Rajput 34% 43% 11% 7%
Punjabi Pakistan 28% 36% 16% 7%
Punjabi Ramgarhia 35% 43% 5% 9%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jat 25% 33% 12% 17%
Haryana Jatt 28% 38% 5% 20%
Haryana Jatt 26% 39% 10% 17%
Rajasthan Marwari Jain 47% 34% 5% 6%
Rajasthani Agarwal 51% 37% 6% 1%
Rajasthani Brahmin 32% 38% 9% 15%
Rajasthani Marwari 48% 34% 6% 2%
Rajasthani Rajput 45% 38% 5% 9%
UP 40% 28% 10% 8%
UP Brahmin 41% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 40% 37% 7% 11%
UP Brahmin 37% 38% 2% 14%
UP Kayastha 47% 38% 5% 3%
UP Muslim 33% 33% 10% 9%
UP Muslim 28% 35% 12% 11%
UP Muslim Pathan 48% 36% 7% 4%
UP Muslim Syed 33% 31% 13% 7%
UP Syed 36% 37% 7% 8%
UP/Haryana Agarwal 52% 35% 6% 2%
UP/Haryana Jatt 28% 42% 7% 18%
UP/Madhya Pradesh 51% 27% 1% 7%
UP/Punjabi 40% 33% 7% 10%
UP/Punjabi Khatri 27% 43% 10% 11%
Bihari Baniya 47% 31% 5% 5%
Bihari Brahmin 39% 38% 5% 11%
Bihari Kayastha 53% 33% 1% 7%
Bihari Muslim 48% 28% 5% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 34% 9% 6%
Bihari Muslim 41% 36% 7% 8%
Bihari Muslim 42% 32% 7% 9%
Bihari Syed 42% 35% 4% 9%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 63, Patel) 54% 42% 0% 1%
Gujarati (HapMap, N = 34, Non-Patel) 44% 39% 5%


---------------------------------------------------------------------
Anonymous said...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arain
Genetics:
Genetic datasets taken from 25 Pakistani Punjabi Arain by Xing et al's Human genome variation study paints an intriguing picture. Preliminary studies by the Harappa Ancestry Project of the data of the Arain group show an almost identical profile to Sindhi's (without African admixture), however there appears to be little West Asian contribution, indicating any recent descent from an Arab population is unlikely. [14]

Interestingly this does back up the idea that Arain and Sindhi groups are related, so tales of Arain migration from Sindh to Punjab may hold some truth, as well as the idea that Arain converted to Islam under the rule of Muhammad bin Qasim.

There are some flaws in this data, it is most likely that Arain genetic profiles vary according to the region and economic class of the Arains involved. This is backed up by the observation that Western Punjab Arain often have coloured eyes and fairer skin than their Eastern Punjab counterparts. However since the creation of Pakistan there has been increased intermarriage between the two groups creating a more complex genetic picture. The ancestral background of the subjects is not stated beyond classing the probands as Arain.
Regards
Amir Arain
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Volvo Rex said...

This Arab theory is flawed and fabricated. Arains are descendants of Scythian Medes who settled in Sindh in around 200 AD, moving from Eastern Balochistan (Bolan Pass) into the lower Indus Valley. They were originally Buddhist and fought together with Muhammad bin Qasim's army against Raja Dahir. Arains and Jatts have a common history, both farming/zamindar people, originally from lower Indus Valley, Sindh.

Arain genetics prove the Scythian Medes link. On Harappa DNA, Arains show average 45% Gedrosian Baloch, higher than other Punjabis, component which is Eurasian/Western Asian component related to the Eastern Medes Scythians.
In addition, they have lowest ASI of all groups, 5-6 individual samples show 18-24% ASI, comparable to the Pashtuns, Burusho and Kalash, indicating Scythian origin. Arains have average 22% European in Harappa DNA, also pointing to Scythian Medes ancestry. Haplogroup R1a is in frequency in Arains, pointing to Scythian Medes link.

Arains are known to have then moved up the Indus River to Panjnad and converted to Islam from Buddhism at the behest of Makhdoom Jahanian Sharif at Uch. Later, after fighting with Hindu Bhattis of Jaisalmer, they moved into Majha and Doaba regions of Punjab where they settled down and started farming. Apart from the Janjuas and Sikh Jatts, they are the only tribe that can have said to have ruled Punjab in the form of Adina Beg Khan, Arain chief of the Jullundur Doab and later all of Punjab. He defeated the invading Durrani and Rohilla Afghans in war and the Ahluwalia and Ramgarhia Sikh misls to the East and united Punjabi Muslims for the first time in history.

Arains also show very Scythian Iranic features. Examples of Arain cricketers showing Scythian Iranic features:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"A branch of the Wattu Rajputs of the Sutlej by an affection of peculiar sanctity, have in the course of a few generations become Bodeas and now deny their Rajput and claim Qureshi origin. There is a Kharral family lately settled in Bahawalpur who have begun to affect peculiar holiness and to marry only with each other and their next step will certainly be to claim Arab descent."

" But all in all, the foreign Muslim ancestory element among Punjabis does not exceed more than 20% of their population."

"According to the Punjab Gazetteer, the Arains of sahiwal District themselves pointed out that they are Surajbansi Rajputs originally settled around Delhi. Arains of Ghaggar Valley say that they were Rajputs living on the Panjnad near Multan. Mr. Pursr writes that they are usually supposed to be Muslim Kambohs. the Jullander Arains themselves say that they are descended from Rai Chajju of Ujjain. Kambohs claim descent from Raja Keran who was related to him."

And all these "sources" are more than a century old, and further the links themselves have expired and are serving a cache.

 

[Kambojaric]

I always wondered if Punjabi Arains were Kamboh/Kambojs who converted to Islam. Because so far I have only seen results of one Sikh Kamboj and they are very similar to yours. Basically less Euro and more caucasian on harrappa.
Which raises the question, what group Punjabi arains belonged to before conversion to islam.

Here are results of a Sikh kamboj, although he has stated that his family has mixed with Jatts and Tarkhans in past 4 generations.

# Population Percent
1 Baloch 36.97
2 S-Indian 30.53
3 Caucasian 14.69
4 NE-Euro 10.81
5 Mediterranean 1.79

Not all Kamboh are Sikh though. A large population is Muslim like myself. Notable Muslim Kamboh figures include https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Saleh_Kamboh, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahbaz_Khan_Kamboh.

Our family is traceable to the walled city of Lahore till at least the early-mid 1800s. The likelihood is that we have been there for centuries given the presence of Masjid Saleh Kamboh only a couple of minutes walk from our haveli (the mosque dates to the 1600s). Given that Kambohs were one of the few local Muslim tribes that were integrated into the Mughal nobility, our presence in the walled city several centuries back is a strong possibility. With regards to the relation with Arains, I have heard of this close affinity in the past, yet have not seen any evidence presented as to why this affinity is claimed. Arains afaik are exclusively Muslim.

 

[Talwar e Pakistan]

Technically they are both Dravidian and may in fact be the original inhabitants of Punjab region.

Actually most of these groups originated from South India and most likely migrated during the British Raj.

In my city; Sialkot for example, there is a very large christian population; mostly of the Chura tribe. They were brought over from South India to work as servants, primarily in the British Cantonment.

Also, it is a very widespread misconception that the original inhabitants of our region were Dravidians. It's a theory that holds very little evidence and has been overblown and obsessively endorsed by Indians who have been fanatically exhausting every possible way they can to associate themselves with the Indus Valley Civilization.

 

[Talwar e Pakistan]

Thanks that was very detailed. Although there are some points I disagree with what I've been told by my elders, it seems to be that everyone in Punjab is either a Jatt or Rajput. I wonder what happened to the previous inhabitants and if there are any clans/tribes that can be classified as indigenous (Pre Rajput/Jatt migration).

There are hardly any tribes in this world who have managed to maintain a lineage spanning thousands of years. Almost every ethno-racial group has been genetically influenced by another, it was historically crucial for civilizational evolution and development. Just look at the various indigenous peoples of today, such as the Sentinelese and the Amazonians and you will realize how crucial 'mixing' was.

After the decline and collapse of IVC, it was various mass-migrations into the Indus Basin that rekindled the flame of civilization in the Indus region once again. It was during their era, that we were most likely introduced our "tribal/baradari system", hence why most of our tribes today can trace their line back to these migrations.

However there is no doubt, that our blood is considerably or mostly indigenous and we can proudly say that we are of dual ancestry and "the best of both worlds".

 

[django]

Also, it is a very widespread misconception that the original inhabitants of our region were Dravidians. It's a theory that holds very little evidence and has been overblown and obsessively endorsed by Indians who have been fanatically exhausting every possible way they can associate themselves with the Indus Valley Civilization.

ABSOLUTELY!!!!! Their latest abhorrent attempt to hijack the history of lands associated with Pakistan is to come up with the bizarre and absurd claim that Bugtis and Marris are Marathi descendants heheheheheeee (I kid you not), I suspect in order to justify their now open interference in Baluchestan,,,,,,,,, Kasuri sahib summed it up best.

Typical Marathis

The Quintessential Bugti

 

[Talwar e Pakistan]

@Proudpakistaniguy Brilliant write up..confirms What I suspected

20% of the Paternal genes in Punjab descend from Islamic invasions
may be around 10-20% from the Scythian,Kushana,Huna,Parthian invasions

and around 16% from the original Aryan invasion

-------The mix of Central Asian genes in Indo-Aryan Pak Punjab would be around 46-56%----------------------


while regarding India upper caste Hindu in North-West

10% from Scythian,Kushana,Huna,Parthian invasion
16% from original Aryan invasion
----The Mix of Central Asian genes in North Western Republic of India would be around 26%---------------------


This for you as well as @Joe Shearer as to how one tribe pushes the other out of central Asia and all of them follow like a train to the subcontinent

There was also an Indian study that found that Greek genetic contribution was up to 15% of the population of Punjab (Indian Punjab). I'm guessing these numbers would be much higher on the Pakistani side.