This is not my Quaid’s Pakistan

[SarthakGanguly]

... that is not school level studies that is known facts to every one from Sir Syed to Iqbal to Jinah all of them were in their early years great propagates of Hindu Muslim unity but all three changed after seeing what Hindus really are and they came up with two nation theory which in it self goes against secularism so show gutts post all the speeches of Jinah from 1940 to his death and all the interviews too

What Hindus really are?

Does Two Nation Theory looks secular to you. If Pakistan was meant to be secular state why Liaquat Ali Khan brought Objective Resolution in 1949.

To manufacture a minority.

 

[Zarvan]

Jinnah issued the following condolence message on the death of Allama Iqbal:

“To me he was a friend, guide and philosopher and during the darkest moments through which the Muslim League had to go, he stood like a rock and never flinched one single moment and as a result just only three days ago he must have read of been informed of the complete unity that was achieved in Calcutta of the Muslim leaders of the Punjab and today I can say with pride that the Muslims of Punjab are wholeheartedly with the League and have come under the flag of the All-India Muslim League, which must have been a matter of greatest satisfaction to him. In the achievement of this unity Sir Muhammad Iqbal played a most signal part.”

(Calcutta, April 21, 1938)

Quaid-e-Azam’s reported Speech at a public meeting to mourn the death of Allama Iqbal:

Mr. M. A. Jinnah said that “the sorrowful news of the death of Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal had plunged the world of Islam in gloom mourning. Sir Iqbal was undoubtedly one of the greatest poets, philosophers and seers of humanity of all times. He took a prominent part in the politics of the country and in the intellectual and cultural reconstruction of the Islamic world. His contribution to the literature and thought of the world will live forever. To me he was a personal friend, philosopher and guide and as such the main source of my inspiration and spiritual support”.

(Calcutta, April 21, 1938, The Star of India, April 22, 1938)

Presidential Address, 26th Annual Session of the All-India Muslim League, Patna, December 26, 1938

Quaid-i-Azam made the following comments extempore during his presidential address: “Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s death is an irreparable loss to Muslim India. He was a personal friend of mine and composer of the finest poetry in the world. He will live as long as Islam will live. His noble poetry interprets the true aspirations of the Muslims of India. It will remain an inspiration for us and for generations after us.”

Comment made after passing Lahore Resolution, March 23, 1940:

Sometime after this meeting, Jinnah turned to Matlub Saiyid, who had been present at the Lahore session, and said: “Iqbal is no more amongst us, but had he been alive he would have been happy to know that we did exactly what he wanted us to do.”

Reported presidential speech in Iqbal Day meeting, Lahore, March 25, 1940.

“If I live to see ideal of a Muslim State being achieved in India and I were then offered to make a choice between the works of Iqbal and the rulership of the Muslim state, I would prefer the former”.

(The Civil & Military Gazette, March 26, 1940)

Reported speech on Iqbal Day meeting, Lahore, March 3, 1941

Paying his tribute to the memory of the poet, Mr. M. A. Jinnah said:

“The message of Iqbal has reached the farthest corners of the world. He was the greatest interpreter of Islam in modern times.”

“I have had the privilege and opportunity,” he added, “of being associated with him. I have never found a truer and more loyal colleague than him.”

Mr. Jinnah exhorted Muslim youth to understand the spirit of Iqbal’s message. This, he said, would show them their goal. “Iqbal is going to live for ever. The coming generations will look upon him as the greatest benefactors of Muslims.”

Letter sent by Jinnah on Iqbal Day, Hyderabad (Deccan), August 9, 1941.(Facsimile included in Discourses of Iqbal by Shahid Hussain Razzaqi (1979/2003), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore)

“Every great movement has a philosopher and Iqbal was the philosopher of the National Renaissance of Muslim India. He in his works has left an exhaustive and most valuable legacy behind him and a message not only for the Musalmans but for all other nations of the world.

Iqbal was a poet who inspired Muslims with the spirit and determination to restore to Islam its former glory and although he is no more with us, his memory will grow younger and younger with the progress and development of Muslim India.

His works should therefore, be read and digested by every Musalman to create solidarity, and we should all try to organize the Muslims throughout India economically, educationally, socially and politically.”

Message on Iqbal Day being celebrated at Lahore, New Delhi, December 8, 1944 (The Dawn, December 11, 1944)

“To the cherished memory of our National Poet Iqbal, I pay my homage on this day, which is being celebrated in commemoration of that great poet, sage, philosopher and thinker, and I pray to God Almighty that his soul may rest in eternal peace. Amen!

Though he is not amongst us, his verse, immortal as it is, is always there to guide us and to inspire us. His poetry, besides being beautiful in form and sweet in language, presents to us a picture of the mind and heart of this great poet, and we find how deeply he was devoted to the teachings of Islam. He was a true and faithful follower of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), a Muslim first and a Muslim last. He was the interpreter and voice of Islam.”

 

[M. Sarmad]

INTRODUCTION
The history of mankind shows that the people who change the course of events by shaping the destiny of their nation are taken as heroes and leaders. One can therefore define “national political leadership as the power exercised by an individual to push members of the polity towards action in a particular direction.”1 Haiman explains leadership as an effort on the part of a leader to direct the behaviour of others towards a particular end. He further adds: “the qualities, characteristics and skills required in a leader are determined to a large extent by the demands of the situation in which he is to function as a leader.”2

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah excels the criterion of a national hero and leader by dint of his intellectual capacity, a deep understanding of the political situation in the then British India and his excellent leadership qualities, which enabled him to lead a movement that transformed the Muslim Community of South Asia into a Pakistani nation. He was truly a leader of stature who left a strong imprint on the course of history. One can identify three distinct phases of his leadership career. The first phase was conterminous with period of his association with the Congress i.e. from 1906 to 1920. The second phase, which ended in 1937 and marked the beginning of his confrontation with Congress, was the main feature. The third phase, the epoch-making one, had changed the destiny of the nation, lasted from 1937 to 1947.

In the first phase, Jinnah worked for the national freedom through Hindu-Muslim unity, with the belief that the two major communities would share the power after freedom. The nationalist Jinnah with firm Muslim identity was the main feature of this phase. The second phase comprises of two main features, the rights and interests for self determination, and getting recognition from Hindus of the Muslim entity and individuality in Indian politics. His quest for Hindu-Muslim unity, through a national pact continued all through the second phase and even in the beginning of the third one, it ended finally in about 1937-38.3 Freedom still remained the core aim but there was a dramatic change in the perception. Now the struggle was based on the idea of a separate nationalism and the partition of India. His success can be explained in terms of the combination of his drive and authority, his integrity and ability to inspire loyalty in the lieutenants, with exhilaration of the call for Pakistan.4 However in seeking power for Muslims and taking up the demand for Pakistan he took up a charismatic goal--a goal which had not only lying close to their (Muslims) hearts, ever since they had lost political power to the British, but had also haunted them.5

Iqbal projected the vision of a ‘New World’, for the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. He was the pioneer to see the vision of separate homeland for the Muslims-Pakistan. It was he who convinced the Quaid to do his best for the Muslims. Jinnah, however, with his own political genius and his expert views on politics, partition issues, on economics, industry, and on the manifold problems of state carried the torch of wisdom to the culmination of this great vision. He himself was Pakistan and he put his heart and brain into the ideology.6

He had a complete programme for his nation and visualized the basic issues and expressed his thoughts which are discussed here under:

DEMOCRACY AND ISLAM
What was Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan? Would Pakistan be a modern democracy or a closed theocracy? Would non-Muslims be safe in it? These are some of the questions which have been asked more often than not. Since he did not write a book, the main sources of his thinking are his speeches and statements. By keeping them in mind we may be able to grasp his vision for the state he had created.

All through the struggle, the Quaid manifested a great and firm belief in the democratic principles. A democratic journey started with the resolution of Sindh Assembly7 demanding the separation of Muslims areas from Hindu majority areas. After passing through long and many hurdles, Quaid gave it a practicle shape in 1947. All his decisions were the reflection of the party decisions. His firm belief in Islam and democratic system was evident. The main sources of his inspiration and guidance for the national effort were Islam and the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). About Islam the Quaid said:

“It is not only a religion but it contains law, philosophy and politics. In fact, it contains everything that matters to a man from morning to night. When we talk of Islam we take it as an all-embracing word. We do not mean any ill will. The foundation of our Islamic code is that we stand for liberty, equality and fraternity.”8

In his message on the occasion of ‘Id-ul-Fitr in October 1941, he explained:

“Islam lays great emphasis on the social side of things. Every day, the rich and the poor, the great and the small living in a locality are brought five times in a day in the mosque in the terms of perfect equality of mankind and thereby the foundation of a healthy social relationship is laid and established through prayer. At the end of Ramazan comes the new moon, the crescent as a signal for a mass gathering on the ‘Id day again in perfect equality of mankind which effects the entire Muslim world.”9

In an ‘Id message in September 1945, the Quaid-i-Azam pointed out; The Quran is the general code for the Muslims, a religious, social, civil, commercial, military, judicial, criminal and penal code. It regulates every thing, from the ceremonies of religion to those of daily life, from the salvation of the soul to the health of the body, from the rights of all to those of each individual from morality to crime; from punishment here to that in the life to come, and our Holy Prophet Mohammad (Peace by upon Him) has enjoined on us that every Musalman should posses a copy of the Quran and be his own priest. Therefore, Islam is not merely confined to the spiritual tenets and doctrines or ritual and ceremonies. It is a complete code regulating the whole Muslim society, every department of life, collective and individual.10

The Quaid while addressing the Bar Association of Karachi on the Holy Prophet’s birthday on 25th January 1948, said:

“Islamic principles today are as applicable to life as they were 1300 years ago….Islam and its idealism have taught us democracy. Islam has taught equality, justice and fair play for every body……..let us make it (the future Constitution of Pakistan). The Prophet was a great teacher. He was a great lawgiver. He was a great statesman and he was great sovereign who ruled.”11

The Holy Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon Him) was successful in everything that he put his hand to from businessman to ruler. He was the greatest man that the world has ever seen. Thirteen hundred years ago he laid the foundations of democracy. With regard to the form of government in Pakistan, the Quaid said:

“It is my belief that our salvation lies in following the golden rules of contract set for us by our own great lawgiver, the Prophet of Islam. Let us lay the foundation of our democracy on the basis of truly Islamic ideas and principles. Our Almighty has taught us that discussions and consultations shall guide our decisions in the affairs of state.”12

Millat and the people can only frame the Constitution of Pakistan. The constitution and government will be what the people will decide.13 The Quaid was great believer of democracy. Addressing at the Session of All-India Muslim League, Delhi, 24th April, 1943, he said: “I am sure that democracy is in our blood. It is in our marrows. Only centuries of adverse circumstances have made circulation of that blood cold? But now the situation has changed.”14

Pakistan was not going to be a theocratic state to be ruled by priests with a Divine mission. There were many non-Muslims--Hindus, Christians and Parsees in Pakistan, but they were all Pakistanis and would enjoy the same rights and privileges as any other citizen and would play their rightful part in the affairs of Pakistan.15

Another issue of great concern was to define the status of minorities in Pakistan, because in the absence of constitution, there was unrest and propaganda about the issue. But the Quaid had no confusion about this. He appointed J.N. Mandal as the Minister for Law and Labour.16

In his Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly he remarked:

“You are free, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed; that has noting to do with the business of the State…….We are starting with the fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State……Now, I think that we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Mulsims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State.”17

To provide safeguards to the minorities was another important point of his great consideration. As he said, “I am going to constitute my self the protector-general of the Hindu minority in Pakistan.”18 He joined the Christmas celebrations as a guest in 1947. He met the Hindu and Parsee delegations at Karachi and Quetta respectively, and assured them of his intention to safeguard their interest.19

Mountbatten made an interesting point in his formal speech to the Constituent Assembly on 14th August, 1947. He quoted the example of Akbar, the Great Mughal, as the model of a tolerant Muslim ruler. The Quaid, while replying, presented the more inspiring model to follow; it was that of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon Him). The Quaid said that the tolerance and goodwill that great emperor Akbar showed to all the non-Muslims was not of recent origin. It dated back to thirteen centuries ago when our Holy Prophet not only by words but also by deeds treated the Jews and Christians after he had conquered them, with the utmost tolerance and regard and respect for their faith and beliefs. The whole history of Muslims is replete with those human and great principles which should be followed and practiced.20

This is vision of an Islamic society which would be equitable, compassionate and tolerant and from which the ‘cancer’ of corruption, nepotism, mismanagement and inefficiency would be eradicated. Although the Quaid had pointed out the flaws in Western style democracy, yet he always admired mutual consultation and public opinion. He never liked the title like ‘Moulana Jinnah’ or ‘Shahinshah-i-Pakistan’.

He often called for counsel, advice and even criticism. I want you to criticize it (the Muslim League) openly as its friends, in fact, as one whose heart in beating with Muslim nation.21 He was a true democrat because he never was anything else.

NATURE OF POLITY
The Movement of Pakistan was a peoples’ movement, involving mass participation. Yet, if the creation of Pakistan, as it is rightly insisted, was made possible by the mass support of the Muslims of the sub-continent and was the product of historical forces, it is nevertheless a fact that the battle for Pakistan was fought almost single handedly by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Quaid. The order of the Quaid’s mission compelled a blind following of people and his integrity was their total trust.22

Notwithstanding anything else, the most important and difficult task faced by the hastened state of Pakistan was to define its exact character. Although the struggle had created basic unity among different groups, yet such questions as the form of federation, form of government and status of minorities, etc. remained unanswered. Here the Quaid’s statements, became our guiding principles.

The Federating Principles: In an interview given to the representative of the Associated Press of America on 8th November 1945, the Quaid said that the theory of Pakistan guaranteed that the federated units of the national government would have all the autonomy that you will find in the Constitutions of the United States of America, Canada and Australia. But certain vital powers will remain vested in the Central Government.23

Although the Quaid firmly believed in a strong centre, yet according to him, the actual source of strength was the will of people.24 According to Quaid the will of the people could be ascertained only through the system of direct elections as a reused of which the appropriate man could be taken as the representative of the people.25

Another important feature, which he discussed, was the establishment of political parties. He was neither in favour of one party government, nor a partyless system. He visualized a system of competing political parties working within the constitution and democratic framework.26

Provincialism was a great curse. The Quaid had a clear perception over this issue. He said, “Islam has taught us this and I think you will agree with me that whatever else you may be and whatever you are, you are a Muslim. You belong to a nation now; you have now carved out a territory, a vast territory, it is all yours, it does not belong to a Punjabi or a Sindhi or a Pathan, or a Bengali, it is yours.”27 The Quaid always remained impartial. He himself was neither a Punjabi nor a Sindhi.

Fundamental rights to all, was another important matter of concern near the Quaid. It was generally said that it was the US Constitution which gives the basic fundamental written rights to citizens but the Quaid believed that it is the Quran where one could find all the details of human rights. According to Quaid-i-Azam the demand and struggle for Pakistan had proved mainly that there was a danger of denial of these fundamental human rights in the Indian sub-continent.28

Independent judiciary was the basic need of time as it was the only platform to judge the status of common man, because it alone could protect and enforce all the rights. Throughout his life, the Quaid believed that the law courts alone should decide the question of citizen’s right.29

On 6th February, 1919 while taking part in discussion in the Legislative Council, Jinnah said, “I am a firm believer that no man’s liberty should be taken away for a single minute without a proper inquiry.”30 On 28th January, 1925 speaking in the Central Legislative Council he said, “my liberty, should not be taken away without a judicial trial in proper court where I have all the rights to defend my self.”31

Commitment to democracy was the basic spirit behind Quaid’s whole life. Discussions, debates, dialogues, arguments and logic were the weapons that he used in convincing his political opponents and the foreign power that the British should go honourably from the sub-continent. His long parliamentary career with the principled experience as a lawyer made him to believe that it was the legislative supremacy that could safeguard the future of democracy.

CONSTITUTIONALISM
The term has two related meanings. One, concerning Constitutionalism as practice, and the other as the positive valuation of practice.32 Constitutionalism as practice is the ordering of political processes and institutions on the basis of a constitution. The term valuation refers to the idea of those who wish to preserve or introduce the political supremacy of a constitution within a particular state. stress is laid on the ‘Rule of Law’ as a fundamental concept from, which Constitutionalism is derived.33

Constitutionalism is the product of the European political experience, which recognizes the principle that governments are derived from the will of people organized the principle into societies which are mindful of their rights as well as obligations.34 Quaid’s aim was to build Pakistan into a constitutional democracy. He believed that there was no contradiction between an Islamic State and a polity governed according to modern democratic principles. Constitutionalism is at the very heart of Islamic teachings. Fairness, justice, compassion and honesty are all tenets of Islam.

The Muslims, it is worth which to remember, had all along been taken for granted as a peaceful community because they had, except during the Khilafat Movement, restricted themselves to Constitutionalism and had never taken to streets or even threatened the British with a revolutionary movement.35

To build a new country, to establish a stable government and to have a programme for development…was the ambition. But Pakistan faced civil strife, the struggle with India in Kashmir, the influx of millions of terrified refugees, the lack of experienced administration, an empty treasury and almost no material resources; the task was indeed difficult.36

Quaid was the strong believer of ‘Rule of Law’. His firm stand on the Rowlet Act. 191937 and winning the objective without any bloodshed offer a unique example watched by history. He being the lawyer had a clear mind and firm belief in constitutional measures. Time only proved his style for struggle.

In April (1947) Lord Mountbatten issued a Peace Appeal; Gandhi and Quaid-i-Azam signed it. It was broadcast from Delhi. But the Sikhs raised funds to get arms and ammunition in order to do away with the Muslims. Muslims also appealed to the Quaid-i-Azam, to allow them to react. But the Quaid remarked;

“I cannot be a hypocrite. I have just signed the Peace Apeal and I expect Muslims to observe the spirit of the appeal.”38

The Redcliff Award also showed Quaid’s firm stand on the performance. Their negative attitude and action forced the Muslims to try to convince the Quaid to show any reaction or protest against the violation, but he said, “No, we agreed to arbitration, we must abide by that arbitration.”39

So throughout his struggle, he believed in positive and constitutional approach. He always demanded for reforms to change the ruling pattern of British Government. Participation of local people in the power structure, and the laws, which may provide some safeguards to the separate identity of Muslims, were the themes of his struggle.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Pakistan was to be a state with liberal Muslim posture having strong belief in democratic values. The spirit behind the theme was to provide socio-economic justice to the Muslims who faced the crucial moments of Hindu exploitation under British rule. The Quaid was fully aware of these circumstances. He had always, strongly believed to enforce the basic principle of Islamic economic system in Pakistan. It was closer in its spirit to modern concept of welfare state. It base was to opt the moderate way, just to avoid the excessiveness of uncontrolled economy and that of socialist doctrine. The Quaid believed that economic development and economic power were the most important of all the departments of life.

His vision was based on the geo-economic importance of Pakistan. If Pakistan wished to play its proper role in the world, it must develop its industrial potential side by side with its agriculture he believed.40

On the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the building of the Valika Textile Mills Ltd, he expressed:

“…….I thought that in planning your factory, you have provided for proper residential accommodation and other amenities for the workers, for no industry can thrive without contented labour.”41

Speaking at a public reception at Chittagong; the Quaid said: “Pakistan should be based on sure foundations of social justice and Islamic socialism which emphasis equality and brotherhood of man….These are the basic points of our religion, culture and civilization.”

He further said:

“The people of Pakistan will not mind making sacrifices in order to make our state in the future a really strong and stable state so that we can handle more effectively and with ease our programme, specially for the uplift of the masses.”42

The Quaid-i-Azam had strong reservations about Western capitalist model of economy. He remarked that:

“The economic system of the West has created almost insolvable problems for humanity…..The adoption of Western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contented people. We must work our destiny in our way and present the world an economic system, based on true Islamic concept of equality and social justice.”43

The paramount objective of Pakistan’s economic policy was to do a lot for the poor. The Quaid envisaged; “The Muslims were asking for Pakistan. If the government did not mean the equality of manhood, what would be the use of it? The purpose of whole struggle was that we want to do everything that is possible for the poor.”44

FOREIGN POLICY
At the time of independence there were two factors in Pakistan’s foreign policy. Firstly, her geographical position, especially her contiguity to India; secondly, her feeling of kinship with other Muslim countries.45 Pakistan, though a new country, has stepped naturally into international life with the confidence derived from the enjoyment of a great Islamic heritage of practical experience.46

The original pattern of external relations given by Quaid-i-Azam is still valid today. Pakistan joined the United Nations in September 1947, as a new member. Pakistani leadership was emphasizing friendship with all, promotion of peace and harmony, support to the oppressed people of the world, and a strict observance of the principles of international conduct, as enshrined in the UN Charter. The Quaid expressed a strong desire to develop friendly relations with other states on the eve of his meeting with the special representative of the King of Afghanistan in December 1947. Similar views were reiterated when the first ambassadors of Burma (January 1948), France (January 1948), the US (February 1948), and Turkey (March 1948) presented their credentials.47 Outlining the goals of foreign policy, he declared:

“Our foreign policy is one of the friendliness and goodwill towards the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of honesty and fairplay in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed people of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.”48

The Quaid had an unflinching faith in the earnest human effort. He had great faith in Muslims and their sheer dedication, desiring no aid or assistance from the outsiders. After Pakistan came into being, he said in reply to the speech of the American Ambassador, “The people of Pakistan desire nothing that is not their own, nothing more than the goodwill and friendship of all the free nations of the World.”49

The Quaid also emphasized the need for harmony, unity of purpose and complete understanding among all the people of Asia, particularly of the Muslims, as that would be a great contribution to the peace and prosperity of the World.50

In his message to the nation on the occasion of the inauguration of the Pakistan Broadcasting Service on August 15, 1947, he said:

“Our object should be peace within and peace without. We want to live peacefully and maintain cordial and friendly relations with our immediate neighbors and with the World at large. We have no aggressive designs against any one. We stand by the United Nations Charter and will gladly make our full contribution to the peace and prosperity of the World.”51

The Quaid, in an interview given to a Swiss journalist, on March 11, 1948, in answer to the question whether there is any hope of India and Pakistan coming to a peaceful settlement of their own with regard to their differences, he said:

“Yes, provided the Indian Government will shed the superiority complex and will deal with Pakistan on an equal footing and fully appreciate the realities.”52

He was the great supporter of the cause of self – determination and the movement for liberation whether it might be in Palestine, Indonesia or Kashmir.

DEFENCE POLICY
Although Pakistan’s foreign policy was based on full support of peace and adherence to the U.N. Charter, yet in the presence of an aggressive and hostile neighbour, it could not afford to neglect its defence. A weak and defenceless country in this imperfect World invites aggression from others. The best way to remove the temptation from those who thought that Pakistan was weak and they could bully and attack her was and indeed still is to build a strong deterrent force.53

On January 23, 1948, while addressing the establishment of H.M.P.S ‘Dilawar’, the Quaid said:

“It was the need of the time to be fully prepared against the aggressive designs. Nature’s inexorable law is the survival of the fittest. Pakistan’s armed forces, were the custodians of the life, property and honour of the people of Pakistan: they were the most vital of all Pakistan’s services.”54

CIVIL SERVICES
It was the normal practice of the colonial power (the British) to use the administration to control the people in order to prolong their stay. They did it very positively. They organized civil services not only to frame the policies but to implement them also. Quaid’s aim was to change the mind-set of this institution. For that purpose he suggested:

“Are we going to allow ourselves to be overwhelmed by the immensity of the task that is confronting us and let our new-born state founder under the cruel and dastardly blows stuck by our enemies?

This is challenge to our very existence and if we are to survive as a nation and are to translate our dreams about Pakistan into reality we shall have to grapple with the problems facing us with redoubled zeal and energy.”55

Giving guidelines to the civil servants, the Quaid advised thus:

“Whatever community, cast or creed you belong to, you are now the servants of Pakistan. The days have gone when the country was ruled by the bureaucracy. It is people’s government, responsible to the people more or less on democratic lines and parliamentary practice.” He made some basic points that: “You have to do your duty as servants; you are not concerned with this political or that political party, that is not your business.”

“The other important thing was that of your conduct and dealing with the people in various departments in which you may be; wipe off the past reputation; you are not rulers. You do not belong to the ruling class; you are their servants and friends, maintain the highest standard of honour, integrity, justice and fair play.”56

It is obvious from his point of view that he believed in the supremacy of common man. He was focusing the point that this institution may serve the common people in spite of serving the elite.

EDUCATION
Education is not only an important pillar for development but also the basic condition for the success of democracy. The Muslims are religiously bound to get education. This is necessary in order to lay sound basis for political culture, political socialization and recruitment of political system of the country. Quaid had complete belief in students throughout the movement for independence.

Pakistan’s educational policy, therefore, aim at must not only distributing of degrees but it must have its emphasis on development projects. Pakistani students could learn banking, commerce, trade, etc. New industries and commercial firms could provide new chance to the young. The need was for mobilizing the people and building up the character of future generations. There was an urgent need for training the people in scientific and technical education in order to build up the economic life of the country. The Quaid focused that it should not be forgotten that Pakistan had to compete with the world which was moving very fast in that direction.58

While delivering a speech at a public meeting, at Dacca on 21st March, 1948, he advised the students in these words:

“I look forward to you as the makers of Pakistan, do not be exploited and do not be misled. Create amongst yourself complete unity and solidarity,…..Your main occupation should be….in fairness to yourself, in fairness to your parents, in fairness to the State…..to devote your attention to your studies.59

While giving the guidelines for future he expressed: (Reply to address presented by the students of Islamia College on 12th April, 1948.)

“You must learn to distinguish between your love for your Province and your love and duty to the State as a whole. Our duty to the State takes us a stage beyond provincialism. It demands a broader sense of vision, and greater sense of patriotism. Our duty to the State often demands that we must be ready to submerge our individual or provincial interests unto the common cause for common good. Our duty to the State comes first; our duty to our Province, to our district, to our town and to our village and ourselves comes next. Remember we are building up a State, which is going to play its full part in the destinies of the whole Islamic World….We must develop a sense of patriotism, which should galvanize and weld us all into one strong nation.”60

He exhorted the students to keep away from politics during their studies. After completing it, however, they had to play an important role in nation building activities.

STATUS OF WOMEN
Quaid-i-Azam championed the cause of womanhood and advocated for women an equal share with men in social and national life. The following quotation throws ample light on the views of the father of the Nation:

“In the great task of building the nation and to maintain its solidarity, women have a most valuable part to play. They are the prime architects of the character of the youth who constitute the backbone of the State. I know that in the long struggle for the achievement of Pakistan, Muslim women have stood solidly behind their men. In the bigger struggle for the building up of Pakistan that now lies ahead let it not be said that the women of Pakistan had lagged behind or failed in their duty.”61

He always appreciated the role of women in Pakistan Movement. He always took his sister, Miss Fatimah Jinnah, everywhere he had to go. He did so because he believed that an ignorant women could not bring up the child properly. If Muslims wanted to do some thing then they must give proper status to the women.

COMMENTS
The Quaid’s personality is a reflection of a leader with strong ideas and firm beliefs in struggle through constitutional reforms. His vision and leadership changed the destiny of his nation, geography of the sub-continent had introduced new trends to get independence without using destructive measures as bloodshed or going to the jail.

He emphasized a liberal and tolerant Islam, socio-economic justice, a participatory and democratic polity, constitutionalism, rule of law, equality of opportunities irrespective of caste, creed, religion or sex, and opportunities for education and development of natural and inherent qualities of the people. The people should think and act as Pakistanis and the State must have a sound foreign and defence policy, he mentioned.

Search for national identity and integration is the main problem in the way of political development. Scholars have traced several distinguished trends which appear to be associated with the process of political development, such as, increased complexity, specialization of political role, institution, the enlargement of an educated political elite and the increased politicization of the population through mass parties. So, the emergence of national, rather than parochial, political issues and of interests concerned with these issues, urbanization, economic growth and the increasing interrelationship of the political, social and economic spheres of society are some of the aspects which might develop our country into a strong and modern Islamic state.

The Quaid emphasized on the following three workable principles to meet with such complex situations:

UNITY, FAITH AND DISCIPLINE
Unity can solve the problem of fragmentation in Pakistani society. The curse of provincialism, parochialism and ethnicity can be solved only through the promotion of unity. A strong Faith and strict discipline can inculcate and promote the feelings of nationhood in the citizens.

Islam has given the basic guidelines for every sphere of life. Being the true follower of these guidelines, the Quaid visualized Pakistan as a liberal Islamic democratic polity with socio-economic justice. Political participation, interest articulation and interest aggregation must be performed through constitutional institutions and processes. The State should perform the function of political communication by giving the full rights of criticism and opposition to all its citizens.

Rule of Law must be manifested through all activities performed by the government. Status of minorities and women must be safeguarded by the State.

For the future the Quaid said:

“Nature has given you everything. You have got unlimited resources. The foundations of your State have been laid, and it is now for you to build, and build as quickly as you can. So go ahead I wish you God Speed.”62

Reference: Pakistan Vision (Quaid-i-Azam Number) Vol. II, Nos. 1 & 2,Jan-Jul 2001
Publisher: Pakistan Study Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore. 2001

Notes and References

1. Jean Blondel, Comparative Government : An Introduction, London: Prentice Hall, 1995, p. 29.
2. Haiman, Group, Leadership and Democratic Action, USA: Hougton Mifflin Company, 1951, pp. 5-6.
3. Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah, Studies in Interpretation, Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy, 1981, pp. 837-39.
4. Ibid., p, 42.
5. Ibid., p, 44.
6. Jamil-ud-din Ahmed, The Final Phase of Struggle for Pakistan, Lahore: Publishers United Ltd., 1975, p. 138
7. Muhammad Ali Sheikh, (ed.), Role of Sindh in Creation of Pakistan, Karachi: Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan, 1998, pp.15-16.
8. S.M. Burke, and Salim Al-Din Qureshi, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah His personality and His Politics, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1967, p. 367.
9. Ibid.
10. Jamil-ud-Din Ahmed, Speeches and Statements of Mr. Jinnah, Lahore M. Ashraf, 1968, pp. 208-209.
11. Mr. Rafique Afzal, Speeches and Statements of the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Lahore: Research Society of Pakistan, 1966, pp. 455-56.
12. S.M. Burke, op. cit; p. 369.
13. Ibid.
14. Rizwan Ahmed, Sayings of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Karachi; Royal Book Company, 1986, p. 100.
15. Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 175-76.
16. Salahuddin Khan, Had There Been No Jinnah, Islamabad, Pan Graphics, 1989, p. 108.
17. Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Speeches and Statements as Governor General of Pakistan, 1947-48, Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, 1989, p.42.
18. Akbar S.M. op, cit., p. 174.
19. Khalid Bin Saeed, Pakistan, The Formative Phase, 1857-1948, Lahore: Oxford University Press, 1969, p. 276.
20. Akbar S.M. op, cit., p. 176.
21. Sharif-ul-Majahid, op, cit., P. 153.
22. Hamid Yousaf, Pakistan, A Study of Political Development 1947-97, Lahore: Maktaba Jadeed press, 1998, p. 167.
23. Akram Azam, Pakistan’s Ideology and Ideologies, Lahore: Progressive Publishers, 1982, p. 167.
24. Mehmood Ali Shah and Naudir Bakht, “Quaid’s Views on the System of Government for Pakistan,” The Journal of Political Science, Vol. IX, Nos. 1-2, 1986.
25. Interview to the APA, 8th November, 1945, Quaid-i-Azam, A Chronology, Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy, 1981, p. 113.
26. Rizwan Ahmed, op, cit., p 93
27. Prof. Muhammad Muzaffar Mirza, The Great Quaid, Lahore: Feroz Sons Pvt. Ltd., 1995, pp. 218, 219.
28. Ibid., p. 219
29. Ibid., p 230
30. Mushtaq Ahmed, Jinnah and After, Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1994, p. 16.
31. Muhammad Muzaffar, op, cit., p. 230.
32. Geoffrey, K Roberts, A Dictionary of Political Analysis, Bucks: Hazell Watson, 1971, p. 49.
33. Ibid.
34. Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan the Enigma of Political Development, England: Dawson Westview, 1980, pp. 34-35.
35. Sharif-ul-Majahid, op, cit., p. 154.
36. Ahmed Hussain, Pakistan Political Development, Nigeria: 1979, p. 120.
37. Riaz Ahmed, Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah, Karachi: 1981, p. 13.
38. Kh. A Haye, ‘The Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah as a Constitutionalist; Essays on Quaid-i-Azam” M.H Siddiqui, (ed.) Lahore; Shahzad Publishers, 1976, p. 37.
39. Ibid.
40. S.M. Burke, op, cit., p. 370
41. Speeches by Quaid-i-Azam, op. cit., p. 2.3
42. Ibid.
43. Speeches as Governor General, op. cit, pp. 160-161
44. S.M Burke, op. cit., p.370.
45. Richard Symonds, The making of Pakistan, Islamabad: Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan,. 1967, p. 170.
46. L.F. Rushbrook Williams, The State of Pakistan, London: Faber and Faber, 1962, p. 115.
47. Hasan Askari Rizvi, “Major Phases of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy” Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol. XIII, No. 1, January – June 1992, pp, 74-75.
48. Quaid-i-Azam, Speeches as Governor General, op, cit., p. 65.
49. Safdar Mahmood and Javid Zafar, Founders of Pakistan, Lahore; Progressive Publishers, 1968, p. 248.
50. Selected Speeches and Statements of the Quaid, 1911-34 and 1947-1948,
51. Speeches by Quaid-i-Azam, op. cit., p. 55.
52. Speeches as Governor General. Op. cit., p. 163.
53. S.M. Burke, op, cit; p. 372.
54. Speeches as Governor General, op. cit., p. 123.
55. Ibid., pop. 223-224
56. Stanley Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan, Lahore: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 361.
57. Mukhtar Zaman, Student’s Role in the Pakistan Movement, Karachi, M.A. Arff Printers, 1978, pp. 17-18
58. S.M. Burke, op, cit., 370.
59. Rizwan Ahmed. Op, cit., p. 100
60. Ibid.
61. Sheila Mc. Donough, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, America; D.C. Health and Company, 1970, p. 17.
62. M.H. Saiyid, Muhammad Ali Jinnah: A Political Study, Karachi: Elite Publishers Ltd., 1970, p. 328.

Mr that is not school level studies that is known facts to every one from Sir Syed to Iqbal to Jinah all of them were in their early years great propagates of Hindu Muslim unity but all three changed after seeing what Hindus really are and they came up with two nation theory which in it self goes against secularism so show gutts post all the speeches of Jinah from 1940 to his death and all the interviews too

All you have posted proves that "This is not My Quaid`s Pakistan" , the original topic ..
Shall I assume that we agree on this or you are just copy pasting stuff without reading it ??

 

[Zarvan]

Mr. Governor, Directors of State Bank, Ladies and Gentlemen.

The opening of the State Bank of Pakistan symbolises the sovereignty of our State in the financial sphere and I am very glad to be here today to perform the opening ceremony. It was not considered feasible to start a Bank of our own simultaneously with the coming into being of Pakistan in August last year. A good deal of preparatory work must precede the inauguration of an institution responsible for such technical and delicate work as note issue and banking. To allow for this preparation, it was provided, under the Pakistan Monetary System and Reserve Bank Order, 1947, that the Reserve Bank of India should continue to be the currency and banking authority of Pakistan till the 30th September, 1948. Later on it was felt that it would be in the best interests of our State if the Reserve Bank of India were relieved of its functions in Pakistan, as early as possible. The State of transfer of these functions to a Pakistan agency was consequently advanced by three months in agreement with the Government of India and the Reserve Bank. It was at the same time decided to establish a Central Bank of Pakistan in preference to any other agency for managing our currency and banking. This decision left very little time for the small band of trained personnel in this field in Pakistan to complete the preliminaries and they have by their untiring effort and hard work completed their task by the due date which is very creditable to them, and I wish to record a note of our appreciation of their labours.

As you have observed, Mr. Governor in undivided India banking was kept a close preserve of non-Muslims and their migration from Western Pakistan has caused a good deal of dislocation in the economic life of our young State. In order that the wheels of commerce and industry should run smoothly, it is imperative that the vacuum caused by the exodus of non-Muslims should be filled without delay. I am glad to note that schemes for training Pakistan nationals in banking are in hand. I will watch their progress with interest and I am confident that the State Bank will receive the co-operation of all concerned including the banks and Universities in pushing them forward. Banking will provide a new and wide field in which the genius of our young men can find full play. I am sure that they will come forward in large numbers to take advantage of the training facilities which are proposed to be provided. While doing so, they will not only be benefiting themselves but also contributing to the well-being of our State.

I need hardly dilate on the important role that the State Bank will have to play in regulating the economic life of our country. The monetary policy of the bank will have a direct bearing on our trade and commerce, both inside Pakistan as well as with the outside world and it is only to be desired that your policy should encourage maximum production and a free flow of trade. The monetary policy pursued during the war years contributed, in no small measure, to our present day economic problems. The abnormal rise in the cost of living has hit the poorer sections of society including those with fixed incomes very hard indeed and is responsible to a great extent for the prevailing unrest in the country. The policy of the Pakistan Government is to stabilise prices at a level that would be fair to the producer, as well as the consumer. I hope your efforts will be directed in the same direction in order to tackle this crucial problem with success.

I shall watch with keenness the work of your Research Organization in evolving banking practices compatible with Islamic ideas of social and economic life. The economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity and to many of us it appears that only a miracle can save it from disaster that is not facing the world.It has failed to do justice between man and man and to eradicate friction from the international field. On the contrary, it was largely responsible for the two world wars in the last half century. The Western world, in spite of its advantages, of mechanization and industrial efficiency is today in a worse mess than ever before in history. The adoption of Western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contended people. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. We will thereby be fulfilling our mission as Muslims and giving to humanity the message of peace which alone can save it and secure the welfare, happiness and prosperity of mankind.

May the Sate Bank of Pakistan prosper and fulfil the high ideals which have been set as its goal.

In the end I thank you, Mr. Governor, for the warm welcome given to me by you and your colleagues, and the distinguished guests who have graced this occasion as a mark of their good wishes and the honour your have done me in inviting me to perform this historic opening ceremony of the State Bank which I feel will develop into one of our greatest national institutions and play its part fully throughout the world.”

@Azlan Haider and I have refuted you that Jinah never wanted a secular Pakistan if you have some balls and gutts than go and read all speeches of Jinah after 11th August till his death and also speeches of Jinah starting from 23rd March 1940 and in the end for Muslims what matter is what are orders of ALLAH and his RASOOL SAW not Mr Jinah

Quaid once said that he was not a religious scholar, hence no authority on religious matters; yet views expressed by him on various occasions amply demonstrate, that he had deep in sight into Quranic concepts and teachings. Those who know him closely would vouchsafe that he was a perfectionist to the core and that he would never entertain any claim unless he was convinced of its legitimacy. Reproduced below are excerpts from his speeches to prove this point. This


will also dispel the frivolous charge made by certain religious “heavy weights” who allege that since Jinnah was the product of western system of education, he was bereft of the true knowledge of Islam and its teachings:–

“I am not a ‘moulvi” nor do I claim to be an expert in theology. However, I have tried, at my own, to understand Quran and the Islamic laws. In the teachings of this great book there is guidance for each and every aspect of human life, may be it is spiritual, social, political or economical all have been covered by it”

(Address at the Usmania University, Hyderabad, India-1941). “People criticize me alleging that I am not well acquainted with Islam. I. have studied Quran thoroughly and many a time. And when I declared that Islamic system would be established in Pakistan, It was not a mere slogan” (Tolu-e Islam-February,1959).

“You have requested me for giving you a message .What message can I give? For guidance and light, we all are blessed with Quran’s loftiest message” (Frontier Muslim Students Conference—April, 1943).

During struggle for Pakistan when Muslims were facing great hardships and victimization at the hands of Hindus and their allies ,Quaid comforted them saying that ultimate success would be theirs if they only sought guidance from the Quran:–“ At present, a battle is going on between the Muslims and the Hindus in the political arena. People ask me as to who is going to be the winner? Only God knows about it. However, as a Muslim I can assure that if we treat the Holy Quran as our final and absolute guide and persevere not forgetting at the same time God’s command that all Muslims are brothers to one another, no earthly power or even their combine, can defeat us” ( Address at a meeting in Hyderabad ,Deccan—July,1946). “ We have been the victim of a deeply laid and well-planned conspiracy…..We thank Providence for giving us courage and faith to fight these forces of evil. If we take our inspiration and guidance from the Holy Quran, the final victory, I once again say, will be ours.”(Speech at a rally at the University Stadium,Lahore-October,1947).

According to the great Quaid, Holy Quran is the “sheet anchor of Islam and fundamental code of life for Muslims “What is it that keeps the Muslims united, and what is bedrock and sheet anchor of the community. It is Islam. It is the great book Quran that is the sheet anchor of Muslim India.” (Speech at ALL India Muslim League Session, Karachi-26-12-1943). “Every Musalman knows that the injunctions of the Quran, are not confined to religious and moral duties. From the Atlantic to the Ganges, Quran is acknowledged as the fundamental code, not only of theology, but of civil and criminal jurisprudence, and the laws which regulate the actions of mankind are governed by the immutable sanctions of the Will of God. Everyone except those who are ignorant knows that Quran is the general code of Muslims. A religious, social, civil, commercial, military, judicial criminal penal code, it regulates everything…. .And our Prophet has enjoined on us, that every Musalman should possess a copy of the Quran and be his own priest. Therefore, Islam is not merely confined to the spiritual tenets and doctrines or rituals and ceremonies. It is a complete code regulating the whole Muslim society, every department of life, collectively and individually.” ( Eid Message to the Nation—September,1945).

Elaborating the role of the Quran and the Islamic State, the Quaid, in his address to the students of the Usmania University, Deccan in August, 1941, said,” In Islam ultimate obedience belongs to God alone.The only way to follow His guidance is through the Holy Quran. Islam does not preach obedience to a king, parliament, person or any institution. The Islamic Government means rule of the Quran. And how can you establish the rule of Quran without an independent state? In this state, legislation will take place within the boundaries drawn by the Quran”.

This scribe has yet to come across a better description of the role and function of the Quran and an Islamic State than the one given above by the great Quaid.

 

[Developereo]

Recently, I wished my viewers “Merry Christmas” on my morning show.

I have lived most of my life in Western countries.

In all that time, I have never -- not once, not one single time -- heard a mainstream Western TV host wish Happy Eid to their Muslim viewers.

 

[Zarvan]

Some organisations and individuals have surfaced recently, questioning the two nation theory, the ideology and the basis of Pakistan. Every Pakistani has great love and respect for Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Jinnah is being presented as a secular individual, and as a leader who wanted to establish a secular state. This disinformation not only misguides the youth, it betrays the millions who laid down their lives for Pakistan. While there are serveral of Quaid’s statement negating secularism and promoting two-nation theory, following are a few from Jinnah and Iqbal.

“ Pakistan not only means freedom and independence, but also the Muslim Ideology that has to be preserved that has come to us as a precious gift and treasure.” Quaid-e-Azam, Chittagong, March,1948.
“In Pakistan lie our deliverance, defence and honour. If we fail, we perish and there will be no signs and symptoms of Muslims or Islam left in the sub-continent.” Quaid-e-Azam, Pakistan Day, March, 1945.

“The Constitution of Pakistan has yet to be framed——-I am sure it will be of a democratic type embodying the essential principles of Islam. Today, they are as applicable in modern times, as these were 1300 years ago———in any case, Pakistan is NOT going to be a Theocratic State——-to be ruled by the priests with a Divine mission.” Quaid-e-Azam, broadcast to the U.S.A. February,1948.

“Islam is not merely confined to the spiritual tenets and doctrine, rituals and ceremonies. It is a complete code regulating the whole Muslim Society, every department of life collectively and individually.” Quaid-e-Azam, Eid Massage, September, 1945.

“In Islam, ultimate obedience belongs to God alone. The only way to follow this guidance is through the Holy Quran. Islam does not preach obedience to a king, parliament, person or institution. The Islamic Govt. means rule of the Quran. And how can you establish the rule of the Quran without an independent state?” Quaid-e-Azam, address to the students of the Usmania University, Deccan, India, August, 1941.

“Come forward as servants of Islam, organise the people economically, socially, educationally and politically and I am sure that you will be a power that will be accepted by everybody.” Quaid-e-Azam, Presidential Address at the All India Muslim League, Lahore March 23, 1940.

“The vital contest in which we are engaged is not only for the material gain but also the very existence of the soul of Muslim nation, Hence I have said often that it is a matter of life and death to the Musalmans and is not a counter for bargaining.”
Quaid-e-Azam, Presidential Address delivered at the Special Pakistan Session of the Punjab Muslim Students Federation, March 2, 1941

“You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice and the equality of manhood in your own native soil. With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve.” Quaid-e-Azam, address to the officers and men of the 5th Heavy and 6th Light Regiments in Malir, Karachi, February 21, 1948.

“We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.” Quaid-e-Azam, address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi, October 11, 1947.

“We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. We will thereby be fulfilling our mission as Muslims and giving to humanity the message of peace which alone can save it and secure the welfare, happiness and prosperity of mankind”. Quaid-e-Azam’s speech at the opening ceremony of State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi, July 1, 1948.



“Happily there is a solution in the enforcement of the Law of Islam and its further development in the light of modern ideas. After a long and careful study of Islamic Law I have come to the conclusion that if this system of Law is properly understood and applied, at last the right to subsistence is secured to everybody. But the enforcement and development of the Shariat of Islam is impossible in this country without a free Muslim state or states.” Iqbal’s letter to Quaid, 28th May, 1937.

“The Congress President has denied the political existence of Muslims in no unmistakable terms. The other Hindu political body, i.e., the Mahasabha, whom I regard as the real representative of the masses of the Hindus, has declared more than once that a united Hindu-Muslim nation is impossible in India. In these circumstances it is obvious that the only way to a peaceful India is redistribution of the country on the lines of racial, religious and linguistic affinities.” Iqbal to Quaid, June 1937.

“To my mind the new constitution with its ides of a single Indian federation is completely hopeless. A separate federation of Muslim provinces reformed on the lines I have suggested above, is the only course by which we can secure a peaceful India and save Muslims from the domination of non-Muslims. Why should not the Muslims of North-West India and Bengal be considered as nation entitled to Self-determination just as other nation as in India and outside India are?” Iqbal to Quaid, June 1937.

“The Palestine question is very much agitating the minds of the Muslims. I have no doubt that the League will pass a strong resolution on this question and also by holding a private conference of the leaders. Personally I would not mind going to jail on an issue which affects both Islam and India. The formation of a Western base on the very gates of the East is a menace to both.” Iqbal to Quaid, 1937.

 

[M. Sarmad]

Does Two Nation Theory looks secular to you. If Pakistan was meant to be secular state why Liaquat Ali Khan brought Objective Resolution in 1949.

Liaquat Ali Khan was not a popular or elected leader and he brought "Objectives Resolution" to strengthen his political position . The conservatives successfully exploited the newly born nation in the name of religion by mixing the idea of "A state for better socio economic opportunities for Muslims of Sub Continent" with a totally different concept of "A state for protection and propagation of religion of Islam" ... This Islamisation was rejected by people when the nationalist and socialist parties won overwhelming majority in 1954 elections against the conservaties ......

Two Nation Theory wont be needed in the first place if the Muslim minority could be "assured" of a practically secular united India ...

 

[Zarvan]

Liaquat Ali Khan was not a popular or elected leader and he brought "Objectives Resolution" to strengthen his political position . The conservatives successfully exploited the newly born nation in the name of religion by mixing the idea of "A state for better socio economic opportunities for Muslims of Sub Continent" with a totally different concept of "A state for protection and propagation of religion of Islam" ... This Islamisation was rejected by people when the nationalist and socialist parties won overwhelming majority in 1954 elections against the conservaties ......

Two Nation Theory wont be needed in the first place if the Muslim minority could be "assured" of a practically secular united India ...

Liaqat Ali Khan was a popular leader Mr and what ever he did was Jinah's vision Mr stop running away from truth Jinah never wanted as secular Pakistan

1. I have full faith in my people that they will rise to every occasion worthy of our past Islamic history, glory and traditions. (Message to the Nation on the occasion of the first Anniversary of Pakistan on 14th August, 1948)
2. Nature has given you everything: you have got unlimited resources. The foundations of your State have been laid, and it is now for you to build, and build as quickly and as well as you can. So go ahead and I wish you God speed. (Message to the Nation on the occasion of the first Anniversary of Pakistan on 14th August, 1948)
3. The Western world, in spite of its advantages of mechanization and industrial efficiency is today in a worse mess than ever before in history. The adoption Western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contented people. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. (Speech on the occasion of the opening of the State Bank of Pakistan on 1st July, 1948)
4. It is only with united effort and faith in our destiny that we shall be able to translate the Pakistan of our dreams into reality. (Message to the Nation on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr on 27th August, 1948)
5. Every Mussalman should serve Pakistan honestly, sincerely and selflessly(Message to the Nation on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr on 27th August, 1948)
6. My message to you is: build up physical strength not for aggression, not for militarism, but for becoming fighting fit, all your life and all the time in every walk of life of your nation wherever you be and always to be a force for peace, international amity and goodwill (Address to athletes)
7. My guiding principle will be justice and complete impartiality, and I am sure that with your support and co-operation, I can look forward to Pakistan becoming one of the greatest Nations of the world. (Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11th August, 1947)
8. We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.(Address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi October 11, 1947)
9. ‎”Don’t play marbles in the dust ; it spoils your clothes and dirties your hands. We must stand up and play cricket.” Jinnah at age 14, advising younger boys in his streets
10. The Western world, is today in a worse mess than ever before in history. The adoption of Western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contended people. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. (Opening Ceremony of State Bank on 1st July, 1948)
11. As you know, history shows that in England conditions, some time ago, were much worse than those prevailing in India today. The Roman Catholics and the Protestants persecuted each other. Even now there are some States in existence where there are discriminations made and bars imposed against a particular class. Thank God, we are not starting in those days. (Presidential Address, 11th August, 1947)
12. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. We will thereby be fulfilling our mission as Muslims and giving to humanity the message of peace which alone can save it and secure the welfare, happiness and prosperity of mankind (Speech at the opening ceremony of State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi.. July 1, 1948)
13. In my speeches and in every sphere of the Government in which I have influence, I have emphasized and enjoined that Pakistan must not sit back and brood over its injuries. Our people must work and work hard to repair and enrich their country. We are determined to go ahead, and God willing, we shall succeed. (Broadcast talk to the people of Australia recorded on 19th February, 1948)
14. We in Pakistan are determined that having won our long-lost freedom we will work to the utmost limit of our capacity not only to build up a strong and happy State of our own but to contribute in the fullest possible measure to international peace and prosperity. (26th February, 1948)
15. It should be our aim not only to remove want and fear of all types, but also to secure liberty, fraternity and equality as enjoined upon us by Islam. (Reply to the Civic Address presented by the Karachi Corporation on 25th August, 1947)
16. We are living in a far from perfect world. Despite the progress of civilization, the law of the jungle, unfortunately, still prevails. Might is considered right and the strong do not refrain from exploiting the weak. Self-advancement, greed and lust for power sway the conduct of the individuals as that of nations. (Message to the Pakistan Scouts on 22nd December, 1947)
17. This is challenge to our very existence and if we are to survive as a nation and are to translate our dreams about Pakistan into reality we shall have to grapple with the problem facing us with redoubled zeal and energy. Our masses are today disorganized and disheartened by the cataclysm that has befallen them.(Address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan, Karachi on October 11, 1947)
18. This is a great achievement in itself and can only be attributed to the high morale, integrity, and selfless devotion to duty and loyalty. I have no doubt that you will always be prepared to take on any hazardous duty which you may be called upon to perform. (Address to Officers and men of 3rd Armoured Brigade, Risalpur on 13th April, 1948)
19. I pray to God that at this critical moment. He may guide us and enable us to discharge our responsibilities in a wise and statesmanlike manner.(Broadcast Speech on 3rd June, 1947)
20. Now I ask you to get rid of this provincialism, because as long as you allow this poison to remain in the body politic of Pakistan, believe me, you will never be a strong nation, and you will never be able to achieve what I wish we could achieve. (Speech at a public meeting attended by over three lakhs of people at Dhaka on March 21, 1948)

 

[M. Sarmad]

@Azlan Haider and I have refuted you that Jinah never wanted a secular Pakistan

In your dreams ???

And please stop copy pasting stuff when you dont even know what you are posting ..

 

[Zarvan]

In your dreams ???

And please stop copy pasting stuff when you dont even know what you are posting ..

In your dreams just wait all the speeches of Jinah and interviews of Jinah after 11th August and before that will be publish and the blood liars secular will be exposed and
It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religiousphilosophies, social customs, litterateurs. They neither intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.

You are in dreams and exposed badly already and will be exposed further really very soon

On 21 February 1948, in an address to the officers and men of the 5th Heavy and 6th Light Regiments in Malir, Karachi, he said:

“You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice and the equality of manhood in your own native soil. With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve”.
On 11 October 1947, in an address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi, he said:

“We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play”.

 

[INDIC]

Liaquat Ali Khan was not a popular or elected leader and he brought "Objectives Resolution" to strengthen his political position . The conservatives successfully exploited the newly born nation in the name of religion by mixing the idea of "A state for better socio economic opportunities for Muslims of Sub Continent" with a totally different concept of "A state for protection and propagation of religion of Islam" ... This Islamisation was rejected by people when the nationalist and socialist parties won overwhelming majority in 1954 elections against the conservaties ......

Two Nation Theory wont be needed in the first place if the Muslim minority could be "assured" of a practically secular united India ...

Liaquat Ali Khan was the most trusted man of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, its hard to believe he went against views of his mentor in few months after Jinnah's death and nobody in Muslim League opposed that.

 

[scorpionx]

Unfortunately both Mr.Iqbal and Mr.Jinnah did not live enough to define the term "Islamic republic" and left the space for debate wide open for the coming generations with speculations and myths. The problem becomes monumental when we try to reconcile the two terms.As far as Mr.Jinnah's views about a new state are concerned,he wanted a "liberal"state if not a "secular" one where the minorities interests will be preserved. Now,when you add an "Islamic" before the name of the state the confusion starts increasing. Can an "Islamic" state be liberal to all it's countrymen? To search for an answer for this there is no alternative way other than an extensive study of Iqbal's writings on Islam and it's reconstruction. Otherwise the extraordinary dilemma over the inherent political and social structure of Pakistan will continue to haunt forever.

 

[M. Sarmad]

Liaquat Ali Khan was the most trusted man of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, its hard to believe he went against views of his mentor in few months after Jinnah's death and nobody in Muslim League opposed that.

I did not know that Indians also follow our school level Pak Studies .....

In 1945 Liaquat signed an agreement with Bhulabhai Desai of the Congress party, committing the Muslim League to a certain line of action on future constitutional progress of the country. He did this after telling Desai that Jinnah was a sick man and was dying and if the Congress desired a lasting and practicable solution of the Muslim problem it should deal with him (Liaquat) rather than with Jinnah. It was a secret and shady deal and Jinnah was neither consulted nor informed. When he read the news and the text of the Liaquat-Desai Pact in the press he was shocked, and considered it as an act of treachery on Liaquat’s part, and ordered his domestic staff not to let Liaquat enter his residence if he came to visit him.

Even as Prime Minister, Liaquat did not enjoy the trust of Jinnah. How could he with this background? Chaudari Muhammad Ali implied in his talks with me that the two men were not even on speaking term except in public and large company. M.A.H. Ispahani said that the Prime Minister did not take the files to the Governor General for personal discussion but sent them by the hand of his secretary. Thus there is sufficient evidence from authentic quarters to prove that Liaquat Ali Khan, in spite of being the first Prime Minister of the country, was far from being a national hero. His own record in office provides additional support to this contention. He failed to expedite the process of constitution making and died after more than four years in command without giving the country its basic law. He made a deliberate decision to refuse to visit the Soviet Union from which he had received an invitation. Instead, he chose to go to the United States and take Pakistan into the American Camp, thus initiating a slide, which led, by stages to friendship, junior partnership, dependence, obedience, beggary, and servitude.

He groomed certain bureaucrats for high political offices and preferred their advice to the counsel of his political colleagues. He neglected the task of organizing the Pakistan Muslim League and making it into a grass root party. He did nothing to meet the needs or allay the fears of the indigenous population of East Bengal. He posted arrogant, unsympathetic and self-willed Punjabi and Urdu-Speaking civil servants to the Eastern Wing, laying the first brick around the foundation stone of Bangladesh.

{The Murder of History: A critique of history textbooks used in Pakistan by K.K. AZIZ}.

Jinnah`s sister , Fatima Jinnah also writes about the mistrust of his brother in Liaquat Ali in her book "My Brother" , only some parts of which were allowed to be published by the Pak govt. for obvious reasons ....



Liaquat Ali was well known for his interest in "Raqs"(dance) & "sharaab"(alcohol) ... And this man brought forward "Objective Resolution" ...

 

[Zarvan]

I did not know that Indians also follow our school level Pak Studies .....

In 1945 Liaquat signed an agreement with Bhulabhai Desai of the Congress party, committing the Muslim League to a certain line of action on future constitutional progress of the country. He did this after telling Desai that Jinnah was a sick man and was dying and if the Congress desired a lasting and practicable solution of the Muslim problem it should deal with him (Liaquat) rather than with Jinnah. It was a secret and shady deal and Jinnah was neither consulted nor informed. When he read the news and the text of the Liaquat-Desai Pact in the press he was shocked, and considered it as an act of treachery on Liaquat’s part, and ordered his domestic staff not to let Liaquat enter his residence if he came to visit him.

Even as Prime Minister, Liaquat did not enjoy the trust of Jinnah. How could he with this background? Chaudari Muhammad Ali implied in his talks with me that the two men were not even on speaking term except in public and large company. M.A.H. Ispahani said that the Prime Minister did not take the files to the Governor General for personal discussion but sent them by the hand of his secretary. Thus there is sufficient evidence from authentic quarters to prove that Liaquat Ali Khan, in spite of being the first Prime Minister of the country, was far from being a national hero. His own record in office provides additional support to this contention. He failed to expedite the process of constitution making and died after more than four years in command without giving the country its basic law. He made a deliberate decision to refuse to visit the Soviet Union from which he had received an invitation. Instead, he chose to go to the United States and take Pakistan into the American Camp, thus initiating a slide, which led, by stages to friendship, junior partnership, dependence, obedience, beggary, and servitude.

He groomed certain bureaucrats for high political offices and preferred their advice to the counsel of his political colleagues. He neglected the task of organizing the Pakistan Muslim League and making it into a grass root party. He did nothing to meet the needs or allay the fears of the indigenous population of East Bengal. He posted arrogant, unsympathetic and self-willed Punjabi and Urdu-Speaking civil servants to the Eastern Wing, laying the first brick around the foundation stone of Bangladesh.

{The Murder of History: A critique of history textbooks used in Pakistan by K.K. AZIZ}.

Jinnah`s sister , Fatima Jinnah also writes about the mistrust of his brother in Liaquat Ali in her book "My Brother" , only some parts of which were allowed to be published by the Pak govt. for obvious reasons ....



Liaquat Ali was well known for his interest in "Raqs"(dance) & "sharaab"(alcohol) ... And this man brought forward "Objective Resolution" ...

Mr Liaqat brought it because it was wish of Jinah and Jinah in first flag hoisting ceremony ask Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani to do it and he was a hardcore Molvi Sir and Jinah has made it clear in all his speeches that he wanted an Islamic Pakistan but secular are as always bloody liars

 

[M. Sarmad]

In your dreams just wait all the speeches of Jinah and interviews of Jinah after 11th August and before that will be publish and the blood liars secular will be exposed and
It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religiousphilosophies, social customs, litterateurs. They neither intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.

You are in dreams and exposed badly already and will be exposed further really very soon

On 21 February 1948, in an address to the officers and men of the 5th Heavy and 6th Light Regiments in Malir, Karachi, he said:

“You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice and the equality of manhood in your own native soil. With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve”.
On 11 October 1947, in an address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi, he said:

“We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play”.

Sometimes I really feel sorry for the brainwashed kids like you , who are devoid of the ability to think or reason . Programmed to keep talking without listening to any one (pretty much like a tape recorder)
Shouting out loud does not make you "truthful" , You have spoiled the whole thread , all you have done is to " waste a lot of bandwidth"
Copy Pasting loads of photo shopped material does not prove anything my friend
You dont even know the meaning of secularism
Jinnah was a Shia , you claim to follow him and then talk about khilafat e rashida ...... isnt it funny ?