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History of Vietnam or What do you want to know about Vietnam?

This guy, Elis, lived in Paris but he behaves impolitely. French captured South Vietnam ( actually Cuu Long delta) before they gained control of the whole Vietnam. You never met any girl from Can Tho or Vinh Long, Ben Tre. Tell you one point, there's even one area in Ben Tre, where girls are extremely beautiful because of their special western white skin (some said it's because they drink too much coconut juice, but the fact is French Catholic preachers have arrived that location hundred years ago in the Nguyen Dynasty times, and most of people there have Catholics religion). People in the South have brown-skinned because it's hotter in the south. and maybe you just met SV people in Saigon, which many of them migrate from the Central and North Vietnam but not people in Cuu Long delta river.
The first Western secondary school, which French established in Vn was in My Tho. There is still a skeleton of a French female teacher, who devoted her body for teaching Biology, there. You just didn't know anything about South Vietnam. Anyway, Sv girls and NV girls are equally beautiful ( I had Ha Noi girlfriend and Sai Gon Ex-girllfriend)
Do you know "Cong tu Bac Lieu", He had French wife and French servant. Many members of rich families in Cuu Long delta river get married with French.

Maybe as i've never known anything else than Saigon, and in Saigon girls are not especially white skinned or race mixed with westerners.

There are some who are born from american soldiers but it's not super often
 
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Maybe as i've never known anything else than Saigon, and in Saigon girls are not especially white skinned or race mixed with westerners.

There are some who are born from american soldiers but it's not super often
either you want to troll or you simply are just a retard.
 
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jason54.gif
Where did you hear this BS?
People in SV are usually more brown skinned than the NV.

I've seen more NV who look like french because the french have been more in the north than in the south
A lot of NV look also like the chinese

I've seen 2 NV girl who look very beautiful, you know long legs, beautiful face, a bit like the westerners.

But not all of them are actually beautiful

Having big eyes has nothing to see with race mixing with the westerners: the fillippinos, the thailandese, the combodians don't have slanty eyes
The sun shines more in the South than in the North. Both regions have totally different climate.
In France or Germany you will never know if a Viet girl comes from the North or the South Vietnam.

There is no difference in skin color.
 
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Fortunately the accent can help me.

But i've seen some very beautiful nv girls, long legs, nice ***, beautiful face, and feminine

But not all are like that, i've seen a lot of not very pretty girls too and quite dark skinned

I think there's a little difference between north and south, the north people look a bit more like chinese
There are also a type of people looking a bit like Hochiminh that we don't find much in the south

ho-chi-minh-courte-biographie.jpg

ho_chi_minh_1945.jpg


It's like in France where we find in the south more people with brown hair than in the north, where people often have blond hair & blue eyes
 
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The original founders of the first civilization and state in Vietnam were Daic (Tai-Kadai) peoples, not Austro Asiatics (the ancetors of the ethnic Kinh Vietnamese). The Hung Kings, and Van Lang state were Daic.

The Baiyue (hundred yue) label used by China, described a variety of ethnic groups speaking many different language families like tai-kadai, hmong-mien, and austro-asiatic. They were unrelated to each other.

There were Tai speakers all over Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and in northern Vietnam's border provinces like Lao Cai and Cao Bang. Tai speaking Tay and Nung people live in northern Vietnam's border provinces with China, in fact the King Vietnamese in those provinces like Lao Cai and Cao Bang are immigrants, the Tai peoples are the natives. Zhuang and Nung are the Chinese and Vietnamese names for the same Tai speaking peoples in Guangxi and northern Vietnam.

There were Tai speakers all over Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and in northern Vietnam's border provinces. Tai speaking Tay and Nung people live in northern Vietnam's border provinces with China, in fact the King Vietnamese in those provinces like Lao Cai and Cao Bang are immigrants, the Tai peoples are the natives. Zhuang and Nung are the Chinese and Vietnamese names for the same Tai speaking peoples in Guangxi and northern Vietnam.

The Van Lang and Au Lac states were Tai speaking Baiyue dominating over the Austroasiatic speaking Baiyue (Vietnamese Kinh ancestors), and then the Vietnamese appropiated the legends, myths and culture of their Tai overlords and turned it into their own mythology. Lac Long Quan could also be Tai.

The ancestors of the ethnic Vietnamese Kinh were restricted to the Red River delta in northern Vietnam while the Tai peoples dominated Guangdong, Guangxi, Lao Cai, Cao Bang and other areas.

The Tay and Nung also do teeth blackening. The Trung sisters could also have been Tai Baiyue, and the ancestors of the Kinh Vietnamese hijacked their legend and made it their own.

The Nanyue state consisted of a Chinese King (Zhao Tuo) and a Chinese upper class with the common people being Tai speaking Baiyue.

The history of the Yue people in Guangdong and Guangxi belongs to the Zhuang Tai speaking people. They are the ones who made up most of Van Lang, Au Lac and Nanyue's population, while ancestors of Kinh Vietnamese were in the Red River Delta only. And Au Lac was founded by a Chinese prince from the State of Shu named An Duong and Nanyue was founded by a Chinese General, Zhao Tuo. The Lingnan area of China (Guangdong and Guangxi) is a mix of Chinese and Tai and has nothing to do with ethnic Vietnamese Kinh.

Page 88

Arts of Asia - Google Books

Among the early Daic states were those of Van Lang, located northwest of Hanoi where the Red, Black, and Clear rivers merge in Vinh Phu province

Page 5

Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam - Michael C. Howard, Kim Be Howard - Google Books

This early date is highly doubtful, but it is clear that the Hung kings were Daic speakers (and not Viet). In this regard, Chamberlain (1998: 38-39) points out that an important Chinese source, Jao Tsung-i, uses a character to designate the Hung

Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam - Michael C. Howard, Kim Be Howard - Google Books

One of the earliest Daic states in northern Vietnam was named Van Lang. Van Lang was located to the northwest of Hanoi around where the Red, Black, and Clear rivers merge in Vinh Phu province. The region was called Mi Linh.

The Dongson culture was Daic (Tai) and not Austroasiatic Mon-Khmer Vietnamese.

Page 139

Arts of Asia - Google Books

As an aside, at the time I found it interesting that the journal Alun- Uimer Studies used the Dongson bird motif on its cover, even though it should have been apparent that the motif is associated with Tai or Daic peoples and not with Mon-Khmer speaking peoples.

The Chinese Shu Prince Thuc Phan (An Duong Vuong) was the one who united the Daic Au Lac Kingdom with the Red River Valley by conquering the Red River valley, subjugating the ancestors of the ethnic Vietnamese Kinh to Chinese-Daic rule.

Arts of Asia - Google Books

He conquered Van Lang and extended his territory into the lowlands of the Red River delta. His enlarged kingdom was known as Ou Lo and its founding is usually dated 258 BC:. Thuc Phan built a new capital (which Vietnamese refer to as Co ...

An Duong was a Chinese Prince from the State of Shu in Sichuan.

The Birth of Vietnam - Keith Weller Taylor - Google Books

Page 36

Asian Perspectives - Google Books

In 257 B.C. An Duong Vuong dethroned the last Hung king, and the kingdom of Van Lang ceased to exist. Traditional Vietnamese historiography relates that An Duong Vuong came from Pa Shu (usually thought to be in modern Sichuan).

The Phung-Nguyen culture was composed of ethnic Kadai, Tai, and Cham, not Vietnamese Kinh.

Arts of Asia - Google Books

Prior lo the arrival of the Tai, the population may well have been composed of Kadai speaking peoples associated with the Phung-Nguycn culture. Later the area was inhabited by Tai and Cham as well.42 To understand the importance of the

This is a paper on Tai peoples in southern China and northern Vietnam.

http://www.uta.edu/faculty/jerry/pol.pdf

This is the homeland of Kinh Vietnamese, the Red River Delta.

VietnamRedRiverDeltamap.png


This is the modern distribution of Daic (Tai Kadai) peoples.

Taikadai-en.svg


The Baiyue that the Cantonese mixed with were Tai speaking Baiyue. Who were not related to austro asiatic Vietnamese. The Tai Baiyue were displaced by Han migrants from northern China who became ancestors of the Cantonese.

The Power of Words: Literacy and Revolution in South China, 1949-95 - Glen Peterson - Google Books

Cantonese and Tai languages like Zhuang have influenced each other.

Modern Cantonese Phonology - Robert S. Bauer, Paul K. Benedict - Google Books

The Languages of China - S. Robert Ramsey - Google Books

Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages - Christopher Moseley - Google Books

The Baiyue who inhabited Guangdong and Guangxi were Tai speakers like the Zhuang, and not ancestors of Kinh Vietnamese.

"Vietnamese" dynasties (dynasties ruling Dai Viet) before the last Le dynasty considered themselves to be Chinese. Chinese was regarded as a socio political class, meaning anyone who follows Chinese civilization can be called Chinese.

The Trieu dynasty, the anterior Ly dynasty, the Tran Dynasty and the Ho dynasty were established by ethnic Chinese.

Trieu Dynasty

The Birth of Vietnam - Keith Weller Taylor - Google Books

Ly Dynasty

The Birth of Vietnam - Keith Weller Taylor - Google Books

Tran Dynasty

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800 - Google Books

Ho Dynasty

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800 - Google Books

The Ho tried to make big changes like changing Đại Việt to Đại Ngu 大虞, and abolishing Classical Chinese as the official language and using vernacular Vietnamese written with Chu Nom. Both of their initiatives failed. All other dynasties used Classical Chinese as the official language.

The Vietnamese were against these un-Chinese practices like writing in vernacular Vietnamese, and forced the rulers to change back to Classical Chinese, which was regarded as civilized, and many of the Vietnamese supported the Ming against the Ho.

When the Ming dynasty China occupied Vietnam, many of the Vietnamese (ancestors of the Kinh) from the Red River delta in Vietnam supported China and regarded themselves as Chinese. The "Vietnamese" rebel Le Loi was from Thanh Hoa, a border province where the "barbarian" Trai people live. The Vietnamese regarded the Trai as barbarians and uncivilized. Le Loi was part Trai and he relied on Trai soldiers in his support in rebelling against the Ming while the Vietnamese supported the Ming,

After Le Loi's victory, he founded the Le Dynasty. The Le dynasty created the concept of ethnic "Kinh" Vietnamese, the people of the vapital, to distinguish themselves from Chinese and ordered historians like Ngo Si Lien to write fake histories claiming that the Vietnamese nation was 4,000 years old to separate themselves from China.

Trai people, means people of the camps, due to their "barbarian" status and lifestyle, while Kinh people meant people of the capital, and they were sinicized culturally.

Ngo Si Lien was the Le dynasty historian who invented the 4,000 years of history with the Hung Kings and claim of descent from Emperor Shennong.

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to ... - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

The Le dynasty invented the claim that Vietnam existed for 4,000 years to make themselves appear seperate and equal to Chinese civilization and codified the stories of the Hung Kings. The Temples and Mausoleok of the Hung Kings was buillt in 1802. That is approximately 3,800 years out of date.

Some of the sources say that the Muong people are descended from the Trai. The Trai and Kinh were of the same austro asiatic origin, the difference is that the sinicized "civilized" Kinh Vietnamese regarded the Trai as "barbarians".

Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, C. 800 - 1830 - Victor B. Lieberman - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

The Kinh trace their roots to the Red River Delta. The Le dynasty created the Kinh ethnicity to designate ethnic Vietnamese and classify them seperately from ethnic minorities and foreigners. Kinh means capital, and Kinh people means people of the capital.

Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam - Philip Taylor - Google Books

Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian ... - Google Books

Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif - Jean Michaud - Google Books

Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society - Google Books

Culture and Customs of Vietnam - Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen - Google Books

The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia - James C. Scott - Google Books
 
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Vietnam held a supremacist, racist, and condescending view of foreigners, Vietnam viewed all of its neighbors as barbarians, and the Nguyen dynasty Emperors even referred to Vietnamese people as "Han" (Chinese), and Vietnam as "Zhong guo" (trung quoc, aka Middle Kingdom). The Nguyen insinusted that while Vietnamese were "civilized" (Han people), Cambodians and others were barbarians because they didn't follow confucianism and didn't follow Chinese customs.

The Le dynasty even claimed Vietnamese were descended from Emperor Shennong and quoted Confucian texts to justify extermination of the "barbarian" Cham people and attacking Lan Xang.

The Le and Nguyen dynasties claimed Champa, Ayutthata (Thailand), Java (Indonesia), Lan Xang (Laos), Cambodia, Champa, Malacca (Malaysia), Chiang Mai (thailand), Java (indonesia), ayutthaya (thailand) and Ava (Burma), were "tributary" and "vassal" states to Vietnam. Vietnam attacked many neighboring southeast asian nations, like Melaka (Malaysia), Lan Xang (Laos), Ava, Chiang Mai (Thailand) and Sipsong Banna, and raided Ryukyu (Okinawan) shipping.

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books

Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

The system and language used by the Vietnamese in dealing with foreigners was one of self superiority. Vietnam considered other southeast asians as uncivilized barbarians, that Vietnam was superior and the center of the world because Vietnam used Confucian culture and Vietnam even called itself the "Middle Kingdom" and "Han" people. It viewed its civilizing mission as subduing the barbarians and forcing them to adopt Confucianism and Han (Chinese) culture. Emperor Minh Mang explicitly stated he wanted to "infect" the "barbarians" with Han customs.

Le Loi used the minority Trai people from Thanh Hoa in his army to rebel against the Ming while many of the people who later became "Kinh" from the Red River delta region supported Ming dynasty rule.

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

The Le dynasty created the Kinh ethnicity to designate ethnic Vietnamese and classify them seperately from ethnic minorities and foreigners. Kinh means capital, and Kinh people means people of the capital.

Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam - Philip Taylor - Google Books

Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian ... - Google Books

Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif - Jean Michaud - Google Books

Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society - Google Books

Culture and Customs of Vietnam - Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen - Google Books

The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia - James C. Scott - Google Books

The Le dynasty historian Ngo Si Lien claimed that the Vietnamese people were descended from Emperor Shennong.

Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to ... - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

Emperor Minh Mang of the Nguyen Dynasty even considered the Vietnamese to be "Han" people and force the "barbarians" to adopt Han culture.

The Emergence Of Modern Southeast Asia: A New History - Google Books

Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in ... - Google Books

Water Frontier: Commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750-1880 - Google Books

The Nguyen Emperor Gia Long even referred to Vietnam as "Zhong Guo" (China), inside Vietnam itself, but he did not dare to call Vietnam as Zhong Guo when corresponding to the Qing Emperor.

H-Net Discussion Networks - FW: H-ASIA: Vietnam as "Zhongguo" (2 REPLIES)

Sinocentrism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In adopting Chinese customs, the Vietnamese court also adopted the Chinese world view. In 1805, the Emperor Gia Long referred to Vietnam as trung quốc, the "middle kingdom".[9] In 1811, Gia Long proposed a law Hán di hữu hạn (漢夷有限), which means "making clear the border between the Vietnamese and barbarians", referring to the Vietnamese as Han people.[10] Cambodia was regularly called Cao Man Quốc (高蠻國), the country of "upper barbarians". In 1815, Gia Long claimed 13 countries as Vietnamese vassals, including Luang Prabang, Vientane, Burma, Tran Ninh Plateau in eastern Laos, and two countries called "Thủy Xá Quốc" and "Hỏa Xá Quốc", which were actually Malayo-Polynesian Jarai tribes living between Vietnam and Thailand. Mirroring the Chinese model, the Vietnamese court attempted to regulate the presentation of tribute to the Vietnamese court, participation in New Year and emperor's birthday ceremonies, as well as the travel routes and size of tributary missions.[11]

Vietnam and the Chinese Model, Alexander Barton Woodside, Council on East Asian Studies Harvard, Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London 1988: P18

Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mang (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response, Choi Byung Wook , Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications 2004: P136

Vietnam and the Chinese Model, Alexander Barton Woodside, Council on East Asian Studies Harvard, Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London 1988: P236-237

Vietnam's education system brainwashes its children into believing ultranationalist fiction. "Kinh" people did not exist before the Le dynasty.

Le Loi used the "barbarian" minority Trai people from Thanh Hoa in his army to rebel against the Ming while many of the people who later became "Kinh" from the Red River delta region supported Ming dynasty rule and considered themselves Chinese.

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

A History of the Vietnamese - K. W. Taylor - Google Books

The Le dynasty created the Kinh ethnicity to designate ethnic Vietnamese and classify them seperately from ethnic minorities and foreigners. Kinh means capital, and Kinh people means people of the capital.

Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam - Philip Taylor - Google Books

Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian ... - Google Books

Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif - Jean Michaud - Google Books

Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society - Google Books

Culture and Customs of Vietnam - Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen - Google Books

The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia - James C. Scott - Google Books

The ancient Van Lang and Au Lac Kingdoms which Vietnamese nationalists (and the Vietnamese ultranationalist education system) claim as Vietnamese, were in fact Daic (Tai). The Hung Kings were Tai and not Vietnamese (austroasiatic)

Arts of Asia - Google Books

Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam - Michael C. Howard, Kim Be Howard - Google Books

Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam - Michael C. Howard, Kim Be Howard - Google Books

Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam - Michael C. Howard, Kim Be Howard - Google Books

Arts of Asia - Google Books

The ancestors of Vietnamese originate from the Red River Delta, and the Daic (Tai) rulers of Au Lac conquered the Red River Delta and ruled over the Vietnamese as their masters.

Arts of Asia - Google Books

Vietnam wanted to force all other southeast asians into tributary status and attacked Lan Xang, Ava, Champa, etc. and claimed they were all "tributary" to Vietnam.

Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

Vietnam even claimed Ryukyu Kingdom as a tributary. Anyone who knows where Ryukyu is in a map, knows that this is flat out ridiculous

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books

Anything which contradicting Confucianism, like the matrilineal culture of the Cham people, was denounced by the Vietnamese as "barbarian", savage, uncivilized.

Law and the Chinese in Southeast Asia - Google Books

The Le forced the entire state to abide by Confucianism

Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia - Doh Chull Shin, To-ch»Ol Sin - Google Books

Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of ... - Google Books

Vietnamese traditional culture also believes male is dominant over the female, contrary to the claims that Vietnamese women are "liberated", the Le Emperor wrote a poem saying women are inferior.

The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia - Barbara Watson Andaya - Google Books

Vietnam, which was patriarchial and patrilineal, was disgusted by Champa's matrilineal culture in which women were granted more rights.

Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

Law and the Chinese in Southeast Asia - Google Books

Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ S¡n (Vietnam) - Google Books

Encyclopaedia of the South East Asian Ethnography - Google Books

Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume I: A Global History: A Global ... - Craig A. Lockard - Google Books

Vietnam does not even have a consistent name for itself. It called itself Dai Viet, Ho dynasty wanted to change it to Dai Ngu, then the Nguyen dynasty called itself Trung Quoc and referred to its people as Han, then Nguyen wanted to change the name to Nam Viet but the Qing Eperor forced them to change it to Vietnam, and then they called themselves Dai Nam. The concept of "Kinh" ethnicity was invented late, by the Le dynasty, which itself was mainly supported by the "barbarian" Trai people.

Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese ... - Alexander Woodside - Google Books
 
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Vietnam History.

The early days
Recent archaeological finds suggest that the earliest human habitation of northern Vietnam was about 500, 000 years ago. Neolithic cultures were romping around the same area just 10, 000 years ago and engaged in primitive agriculture as early as 7000 BC. The sophisticated Bronze Age Dong Son culture, which is famous for its drums, emerged sometime around the 3rd century BC.
From the 1st to 6th centuries AD, southern Vietnam was part of the Indianised Cambodian kingdom of Funan – famous for its refined art and architecture. Known as Nokor Phnom to the Khmers, this kingdom was centred on the walled city of Angkor Borei, near modern-day Takeo. The Funanese constructed an elaborate system of canals both for transportation and the irrigation of rice. The principal port city of Funan was Oc-Eo in the Mekong Delta and archaeological excavations here tell us of contact between Funan and China, Indonesia, Persia and even the Mediterranean.
The Hindu kingdom of Champa emerged around present-day Danang in the late 2nd century AD. Like Funan, it adopted Sanskrit as a sacred language and borrowed heavily from Indian art and culture. By the 8th century Champa had expanded southward to include what is now Nha Trang and Phan Rang. The Cham were a feisty bunch who conducted raids along the entire coast of Indochina, and thus found themselves in a perpetual state of war with the Vietnamese to the north and the Khmers to the south. Ultimately this cost them their kingdom, as they found themselves squeezed between two great powers. Check out some brilliant sculptures in the Museum of Cham Sculpture in Danang.
1000 Years Of Chinese Domination
The Chinese conquered the Red River Delta in the 2nd century BC. In the following centuries, large numbers of Chinese settlers, officials and scholars moved south to impose a centralised state system on the Vietnamese.
Needless to say, local rulers weren’t very happy about this and in the most famous act of resistance, in AD 40, the Trung Sisters (Hai Ba Trung) rallied the people, raised an army and led a revolt that sent the Chinese governor fleeing. The sisters proclaimed themselves queens of an independent Vietnam. In AD 43 the Chinese counterattacked and, rather than suffer the ignominy of surrender, the Trung Sisters threw themselves into the Hat Giang River. There were numerous small-scale rebellions against Chinese rule – which was characterised by tyranny, forced labour and insatiable demands for tribute – from the 3rd to 6th centuries, but all were crushed.
During this era, Vietnam was a key port of call on the sea route between China and India. The Chinese introduced Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism to Vietnam, while the Indians brought Theravada Buddhism. Monks carried with them the scientific and medical knowledge of these two great civilisations and Vietnam was soon producing its own great doctors, botanists and scholars.
The early Vietnamese learned much from the Chinese, including the construction of dikes and irrigation works. These innovations helped make rice the ‘staff of life’, and paddy agriculture remains the foundation of the Vietnamese way of life to this day. As food became more plentiful the population expanded, forcing the Vietnamese to seek new lands. The ominous Truong Son Mountains prevented westward expansion, so the Vietnamese headed south.
^ Back to top


Read more: History of Vietnam - Lonely Planet Travel Information

Liberation from China

In the early 10th century the Tang dynasty in China collapsed. The Vietnamese seized the initiative and launched a long overdue revolt against Chinese rule in Vietnam. In 938 AD popular patriot Ngo Quyen finally vanquished the Chinese armies at a battle on the Bach Dang River, ending 1000 years of Chinese rule. However, it was not the last time the Vietnamese would tussle with their mighty northern neighbour.
From the 11th to 13th centuries, Vietnamese independence was consolidated under the enlightened emperors of the Ly dynasty, founded by Ly Thai To. During the Ly dynasty, many enemies launched attacks on Vietnam, among them the Chinese, the Khmer and the Cham but all were repelled. Meanwhile, the Vietnamese continued their expansion southwards and slowly but surely began to consolidate control of the Cham kingdom.
Mongol warrior Kublai Khan completed his conquest of China in the mid-13th century. For his next trick, he planned to attack Champa and demanded the right to cross Vietnamese territory. The Vietnamese refused, but the Mongol hordes – all 500, 000 of them – pushed ahead, seemingly invulnerable. However, they met their match in the legendary general Tran Hung Dao; he defeated them in the battle of Bach Dang River, one of the most celebrated scalps among many the Vietnamese have taken.


Read more: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/history#ixzz2iamYPRbT

China bites back

The Chinese seized control of Vietnam again in the early 15th century, carting off the national archives and some of the country’s intellectuals to China – an irreparable loss to Vietnamese civilisation. The Chinese controlled much of the country from 1407, imposing a regime of heavy taxation and slave labour. The poet Nguyen Trai (1380–1442) wrote of this period:
Were the water of the Eastern Sea to be exhausted, the stain of their ignominy could not be washed away; all the bamboo of the Southern Mountains would not suffice to provide the paper for recording all their crimes.


Read more: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/history#ixzz2iamq0fTM

Le Loi enters the scene

In 1418 wealthy philanthropist Le Loi sparked the Lam Son Uprising, travelling the countryside to rally the people against the Chinese. Upon victory in 1428, Le Loi declared himself Emperor Le Thai To, the first in the long line of the Le dynasty. To this day, Le Loi is riding high in the Top Ten of the country’s all-time national heroes.
Following Le Loi’s victory over the Chinese, Nguyen Trai, a scholar and Le Loi’s companion in arms, wrote his infamous Great Proclamation (Binh Ngo Dai Cao). Guaranteed to fan the flames of nationalism almost six centuries later, it articulated Vietnam’s fierce spirit of independence:
Our people long ago established Vietnam as an independent nation with its own civilisation. We have our own mountains and our own rivers, our own customs and traditions, and these are different from those of the foreign country to the north…We have sometimes been weak and sometimes powerful, but at no time have we suffered from a lack of heroes.
Le Loi and his successors launched a campaign to take over Cham lands to the south, wiping the kingdom of Champa from the map, and parts of eastern Laos were forced to kowtow to the might of the Vietnamese.


Read more: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/history#ixzz2ianAFdq4
 
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The coming of the Europeans

The first Portuguese sailors came ashore at Danang in 1516 and were soon followed by a proselytising party of Dominican missionaries. During the following decades the Portuguese began to trade with Vietnam, setting up a commercial colony alongside those of the Japanese and Chinese at Faifo (present-day Hoi An). The Catholic Church eventually had a greater impact on Vietnam than on any country in Asia except the Philippines (which was ruled by the Spanish for 400 years).


Read more: History of Vietnam - Lonely Planet Travel Information
 
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It turns out Vietnamese Kinh are not even native to northern Vietnam. The native people of northern Vietnam were originally Daic (Tai), like the Lac Viet and Au Viet. Kinh people are descended from Mon-Khmer migrants from the center of southeast asia.

Southern China and Northern Vietnam were inhabited by Daic (Tai) peoples like the Zhuang, not Vietnamese Kinh.

http://www.comonca.org.cn/LH/Doc/B09.pdf

Dermatoglyph Groups Kinh Vietnamese to Mon-Khmer
Hui Lĭ & Shangling Pan & Michael Donnelly & Dinhbinh Tran & Zhendong Qin & Yifan Zhang & Xu Cheng & Ruixing Yin & Weixiong Lin & Vantung Hoang & Vanlinh Pham & Ji Qian & Li Jin
Received: 19 April 2007 / Accepted: 15 June 2007 / Published online: 7 August 2007
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007

According to the related historical records, the population history of the Kinh, which we extrapolated also, conforms to the pattern of demic diffusion. In North Vietnam, the early inhabitant is the Luo-Yue of Daic family. In the Han dynasty, there was a war between the Chinese central government and the Southern Yue government, which resulted in heavy political pressure on the Yue (Daic) population, which lasted into Wu dynasty of the Three States Period. A large number of Daic populations including the Luo-Yue moved westwards to Guizhou, west Guangxi, Laos, and as far as north Thailand. It was nearly empty along Tonkin Bay, including North Vietnam and east Guangxi. In the following, the Jing dynasty and the Southern-Northern States Period, as the northern nomads invaded central China, the Chinese government ignored Tonkin Bay and left it for the growing Kinh population. Since then, the Kinh appeared in the records of north Vietnam. After a long time of development in the Sui and Tang dynasties, a country of Kinh people was founded during the China’s civil strife in the late Tang dynasty.

WATER_11599_2007_9033_Fig4_HTML.jpg


fig1mt72e.gif.html
 
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Vietnam held a supremacist, racist, and condescending view of foreigners, Vietnam viewed all of its neighbors as barbarians, and the Nguyen dynasty Emperors even referred to Vietnamese people as "Han" (Chinese), and Vietnam as "Zhong guo" (trung quoc, aka Middle Kingdom). The Nguyen insinusted that while Vietnamese were "civilized" (Han people), Cambodians and others were barbarians because they didn't follow confucianism and didn't follow Chinese customs.

The Le dynasty even claimed Vietnamese were descended from Emperor Shennong and quoted Confucian texts to justify extermination of the "barbarian" Cham people and attacking Lan Xang.

The Le and Nguyen dynasties claimed Champa, Ayutthata (Thailand), Java (Indonesia), Lan Xang (Laos), Cambodia, Champa, Malacca (Malaysia), Chiang Mai (thailand), Java (indonesia), ayutthaya (thailand) and Ava (Burma), were "tributary" and "vassal" states to Vietnam. Vietnam attacked many neighboring southeast asian nations, like Melaka (Malaysia), Lan Xang (Laos), Ava, Chiang Mai (Thailand) and Sipsong Banna, and raided Ryukyu (Okinawan) shipping.

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books

Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 - Ben Kiernan - Google Books

The system and language used by the Vietnamese in dealing with foreigners was one of self superiority. Vietnam considered other southeast asians as uncivilized barbarians, that Vietnam was superior and the center of the world because Vietnam used Confucian culture and Vietnam even called itself the "Middle Kingdom" and "Han" people. It viewed its civilizing mission as subduing the barbarians and forcing them to adopt Confucianism and Han (Chinese) culture. Emperor Minh Mang explicitly stated he wanted to "infect" the "barbarians" with Han customs.

Le Loi used the minority Trai people from Thanh Hoa in his army to rebel against the Ming while many of the people who later became "Kinh" from the Red River delta region supported Ming dynasty rule.

The Nguyen Emperor Gia Long even referred to Vietnam as "Zhong Guo" (China), inside Vietnam itself, but he did not dare to call Vietnam as Zhong Guo when corresponding to the Qing Emperor.
Arts of Asia - Google Books

Vietnam wanted to force all other southeast asians into tributary status and attacked Lan Xang, Ava, Champa, etc. and claimed they were all "tributary" to Vietnam.

Vietnam even claimed Ryukyu Kingdom as a tributary. Anyone who knows where Ryukyu is in a map, knows that this is flat out ridiculous

Viet Nam: Borderless Histories - Google Books
Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese ... - Alexander Woodside - Google Books
You are funny, keep repeating the same posts, over and over again. Pls listen: don´t blame Vietnam for what it did. Blame rather China because we just copied from you. :omghaha: 
It turns out Vietnamese Kinh are not even native to northern Vietnam. The native people of northern Vietnam were originally Daic (Tai), like the Lac Viet and Au Viet. Kinh people are descended from Mon-Khmer migrants from the center of southeast asia.

Southern China and Northern Vietnam were inhabited by Daic (Tai) peoples like the Zhuang, not Vietnamese Kinh.

http://www.comonca.org.cn/LH/Doc/B09.pdf

Dermatoglyph Groups Kinh Vietnamese to Mon-Khmer
Hui Lĭ & Shangling Pan & Michael Donnelly & Dinhbinh Tran & Zhendong Qin & Yifan Zhang & Xu Cheng & Ruixing Yin & Weixiong Lin & Vantung Hoang & Vanlinh Pham & Ji Qian & Li Jin
Received: 19 April 2007 / Accepted: 15 June 2007 / Published online: 7 August 2007
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007



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and ancestors of Chinese came from India. :dance3:

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-12/india/28065921_1_asians-dravidian-ancestors
BANGALORE: The ancestors of most Asian populations, including the Chinese and southeast Asians, came from India, a new genetic study across 10 countries has revealed. The study found that humans first migrated to the Indian subcontinent from Africa some 100,000 years ago and then spread to other parts of Asia.
 
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It turns out Vietnamese Kinh are not even native to northern Vietnam. The native people of northern Vietnam were originally Daic (Tai), like the Lac Viet and Au Viet. Kinh people are descended from Mon-Khmer migrants from the center of southeast asia.

Southern China and Northern Vietnam were inhabited by Daic (Tai) peoples like the Zhuang, not Vietnamese Kinh.

http://www.comonca.org.cn/LH/Doc/B09.pdf

Dermatoglyph Groups Kinh Vietnamese to Mon-Khmer
Hui Lĭ & Shangling Pan & Michael Donnelly & Dinhbinh Tran & Zhendong Qin & Yifan Zhang & Xu Cheng & Ruixing Yin & Weixiong Lin & Vantung Hoang & Vanlinh Pham & Ji Qian & Li Jin
Received: 19 April 2007 / Accepted: 15 June 2007 / Published online: 7 August 2007
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007



WATER_11599_2007_9033_Fig4_HTML.jpg


fig1mt72e.gif.html

You copied and pst too much.

Vietnamese, Kinh people were native people in South East Asia, descended from Mon-Khmer migrants from the center of southeast asia to South China and and to North Vietnam in ancient time, when Thai people and laotiens were also living in South China.

The ancient Vietnamese kings of the Hồng Bàng period, collectively known as the Hùng Vương, ruled the country until 258 BC and consisted of 18 lines of kings.

Văn Lang is country first thought to have been a matriarchal society, similar to many other matriarchal societies common in Southeast Asia and in the Pacific Islands at the time.

Following our history book, written in Han Ji, North point of Van Lang state reached to Dongding lake in China now.

"Au Lac" was name of our country before invasion of Zhao Tuo in to Vietnam. Au Lac is country of Kinh people, because the ancient word "Lac" or "Nac" is got the meaning "Water" or "Country". The word "Nac" is still speak in Thanh-Nhe-Tinh provices in Middle area Vietnam now.

Ancient name of country Vietnam was "Jiao Zhi" (交趾) ís recorded by Historian used Han Ji . The name drives from our ancient word of Kinh people: "Kẻ Chợ". This word has a meaning a "Human" living nearby "Market".

Đông Sơn have yielded metal weapons and tools from this age. Most famous of these artifacts are large bronze drums, probably made for ceremonial purposes, with sophisticated engravings on the surface, depicting life scenes with warriors, boats, houses, birds and animals in concentric circles around a radiating sun at the center. Many legends from this period offer a glimpse into the life of the people. The Legend of the Rice Cakes is about a prince who won a culinary contest; he then wins the throne because his creations, the rice cakes, reflect his deep understanding of the land's vital economy: rice farming.

Daic (Tai) peoples (including Tay, Nung, Dao, Laotian ...) immigrated in to South East Asia too late. In fact South East Asia mainland is belong to native land of Mon, Khmer, Champa and Kinh people until 1431AC.

KhmerEmpire.jpg
 
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You copied and pst too much.

Vietnamese, Kinh people were native people in South East Asia, descended from Mon-Khmer migrants from the center of southeast asia to South China and and to North Vietnam in ancient time, when Thai people and laotiens were also living in South China.

The ancient Vietnamese kings of the Hồng Bàng period, collectively known as the Hùng Vương, ruled the country until 258 BC and consisted of 18 lines of kings.

Văn Lang is country first thought to have been a matriarchal society, similar to many other matriarchal societies common in Southeast Asia and in the Pacific Islands at the time.

Following our history book, written in Han Ji, North point of Van Lang state reached to Dongding lake in China now.

"Au Lac" was name of our country before invasion of Zhao Tuo in to Vietnam. Au Lac is country of Kinh people, because the ancient word "Lac" or "Nac" is got the meaning "Water" or "Country". The word "Nac" is still speak in Thanh-Nhe-Tinh provices in Middle area Vietnam now.

Ancient name of country Vietnam was "Jiao Zhi" (交趾) ís recorded by Historian used Han Ji . The name drives from our ancient word of Kinh people: "Kẻ Chợ". This word has a meaning a "Human" living nearby "Market".

Đông Sơn have yielded metal weapons and tools from this age. Most famous of these artifacts are large bronze drums, probably made for ceremonial purposes, with sophisticated engravings on the surface, depicting life scenes with warriors, boats, houses, birds and animals in concentric circles around a radiating sun at the center. Many legends from this period offer a glimpse into the life of the people. The Legend of the Rice Cakes is about a prince who won a culinary contest; he then wins the throne because his creations, the rice cakes, reflect his deep understanding of the land's vital economy: rice farming.

Daic (Tai) peoples (including Tay, Nung, Dao, Laotian ...) immigrated in to South East Asia too late. In fact South East Asia mainland is belong to native land of Mon, Khmer, Champa and Kinh people until 1431AC.

KhmerEmpire.jpg

Van Lang, Hung Kings, Au Lac and Dong Son were all Daic (Tai) and not Kinh. Sources are in my earlier post here.

History of Vietnam or What do you want to know about Vietnam?
 
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Vietnamese people have been claiming themselves to be descendants of the Lạc Việt people since ancient time, before archeological discovery of bronze drums, before the rise of modern nationalism and disputes over cultural artifacts. There was no glory attached to the Lạc Việt people in the past, yet Vietnamese still call themselves the descendants of these people.

In the past few decades, with the discovery of bronze drums and the cultural dispute ensued, several non-Viet nationalists have started claiming that Vietnamese are not descendants of the Lạc Việt/Luoyue. Tai people were. Well I am not aware of any Zhuang tradition of claiming to be descendants of Luoyue people, much lest other Tai(s). Rather, this identity has been attached to the Zhuang in the recent cultural dispute of the region.

But the Lạc Việt people mostly occupied the Red River delta region of Northern Vietnam, which is traditionally a Viet/Kinh area, not a Tai area. So how could these non-Viet nationalists explain that the Lạc Việt were Tai?

Well, they did this by claiming that the Red River delta was Tai territory in the ancient time. Vietnamese were invaders from the south who displaced the Tai indigenous of the red river delta.

Sounds intriguing. But let's set aside the fact there is absolutely no record of such invasion, either in historical annals or in legends of the Tai minorities, there is one evidence that renders this speculated invasion bullshit.

The Zhuang call Vietnamese "Gao/Gaew people". So do many other Tai ethnicities. Where does the word Gaew come from? Every historian knows it comes from the word Giao Chỉ (Jiaozhi), which was the name of Northern Vietnam under the Han dynasty.

What does this tell you? The Zhuang themselves knew Vietnamese were the inhabitants of Giao Chỉ (Northern Vietnam), and the fact that they used this word to refer to Vietnamese but not themselves mean that they were not part of Jiaozhi.

Giao chỉ/Jiaozhi was where Lạc Việt people primarily dwelled, where bronze drums were found in high concentration. Vietnamese are descendants of Jiaozhi people --> Vietnamese are descendants of the Lạc Việt people and also owner of Dongson culture.

The attempt of non-Viet nationalists to steal Vietnamese identity and culture is really pathetic.

Speaking of vocabularies. Mẹ means mother in Vietnamese. Nàng means a young girl, a lady in Vietnamese. Kun refers to a leader in Muong language. Lang means a man in Vietnamese. Kun lang refers to a prince or the eldest son of a leader in Muong language. All these vocabularies can sound similar to Tai but they also sound similar to Vietnamese.

Further more, the word Lạc surely has its origin within Vietnamese. Lạc Việt people were known as lowland dwellers whose habitats had many water bodies. The word lạc has etymology from Vietnamese nác, which means water. In modern day, Vietnamese still use the word "water" to refer to their nation and country. Water Viet would mean the country of Viet in Vietnamese language today. It makes perfect sense that they are descendants of the Lạc Việt people.
 
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Austro-asiatic speakers originated from southern Sichuan and they spread to Southeast Asia through major riverways. In Southeast Asia, they intermixed with the local Melanesian people and gave birth to the Mon and Cambodian today. As proof of this, both Mon and Cambodian people have been found to have a percentage of genes similar to Dravidians of India.

As proof of their once presence in Southern China, Austro-asiatic vocabularies have been found in 24% of Old Chinese. The old name of Yangtze river, 江, which has now become a common word for rivers in Southern China, has Austro-asiatic origin. It's theorized that the Chinese met some Austro-asiatic speaking group in the Middle Yangtze and borrowed this word from them. Many many more cognates between proto-Austro-asiatic and proto-Sino-Tibetan and proto-Altaic have been found, suggesting that the ancient speakers of Austro-asiatic were in contact with Altaic speakers and Sino-Tibetan speakers. This contact couldn't have been in Southeast Asia but somewhere in Central and Southern China. I can provide documents for these if requested.

In ancient China, there were a collective of tribes called the Pu tribes who dwelled along the Yangtze. Chinese scholars consider these tribes to be Austro-asiatic speakers, though probably not all of them spoke Austro-asiatic.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blang_people

The Blang [Bulang] language belongs to the Palaung-Wa branch of the Mon–Khmer family of languages.

Chinese ethnographers identify the Blang as descendants of an ancient tribe known as the "Pu" (濮), who lived in the Lancang river valley during ancient times. It is believed that these people were one branch of a number of peoples that were collectively known to the ancient Chinese as the Bǎipú (百濮, literally "Hundred Pu").

http://nomad-sally.blogspot.com/2011/11/bulang-people-of-sw-china.html

There are 36,500 Bulang living in Xishuangbanna. They live principally in Bulangshan, Xiding, Mengman, Daluo, Jinghong, Menghai and Mengla.

Their ancestors are the Ancient Pu people. They are idigenous people of Hunan. After a long term national movement of tribal fusion, one part of the Pu people settled in Xishuangbanna, Simao and Lincang areas and developed into today's Bulang.

http://www.a3guo.com/en/china/History/Altera/south.html
Pu 濮
“A term referring to Non-Chinese tribes settling along the course of the Yangtse River during the Zhou period 周. When the feudal state of Chu 楚 gradually won power and enlarged its territory, the Pu withdrew to the mountainous areas in the south. The Pu are thought to have contributed to the indigenous culture of the Chu state that is somewhat different the proper Chinese culture in the Yellow River plain."

In Tan Qixiang's Historical Atlas of China the Pu lived in the middle valley of the Yangzi (at the border of Hubei and Sichuan) in Shang and Western Zhou times. Then the Spring and Autumn map shows a Baipu region in modern Hunan (south west of Chu), and then there is an indication of a Pu tribe in the Warring States map in south Sichuan.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_people

The "Pu" may be relevant to an ancient ethnic group Pu (Chinese: 濮). In the legends of the northern Yi, the Yi people conquered Pu and its territory in the northeastern part of the modern Liangshan (Southern Sichuan).

Most Yi believe they have the same ancestor, ꀉꁌꅋꃅ or ꀉꁌꐧꃅ (Axpu Ddutmu or Axpu Jjutmu). It is said that Apu Dumu married three wives and had six sons: each of the wives bore two sons. In the legend, the oldest two sons leading their tribes conquered other aborigines of Yunnan and began to reside in most territory of Yunnan. The youngest two sons led their tribes eastwards and were defeated by Han, before finally making western Guizhou their home and creating the largest quantity of Yi script documents. The other two sons led their tribes across the Jinsha River and dwelled in Liangshan. This group had close intermarriage with the local ꁍ (Pup) [Pu?].

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GZNY200701018.htm

"The author of this paper opines that the Mon-Khmer-speaking groups originates from southern,especially southwestern China.These groups were closely related with the Pu recorded in ancient Chinese chronicles.It should be emphasized,however,that most of these groups had emigrated into mainland Southeast Asia before the Pu was recorded in Chinese chronicles.Of today's Mon-Khmer-speaking groups only those stretching in northern Mainland Southeast Asia and southwestern China,e.g.the northern sub-groups of Mon-Khmer-speaking groups are the lineal descendants of the Pu mentioned in ancient Chinese chronicles."

http://www.sealang.net/archives/mks/pdf/35:183-187.pdf
ScreenShot2013-11-04at105106PM_zps89b52f14.png


Changjiang (Trường Giang), literally "long river", is another name of the Yangtze river.

The Chinese record that Pu lived in the Yangtze valley is consistent with the linguistic theory that Austro-asiatic people originated from an area near the Middle Yangtze.

Perhaps it's relevant to mention here that Vietnamese have a legend about a war with the Shang invaders. When scholars assumed that ancestors of the Vietnamese located in present-day Northern Vietnam, this legend made no sense because the Shang couldn't have reached all the way to Northern Vietnam. But since some ancient Austro-asiatic-speaking tribes did have contact with the Shang, this legend makes sense. After the conflicts with the Shang, one branch of AA-speakers might have migrated down to Northern Vietnam and became one of the ancestors of Vietnamese. Another legend of Vietnamese also mentions that their forefather came from Dongting lake of Hunan, which also in the same area we're speaking of.

Independent sources all point to similar story. Linguistics. Chinese records of Pu people in the Shang period. Northern Yi legend about intermarrying with the Pu in southern Sichuan. Vietnamese legend about Shang invaders.

All these suggested that original AA-speakers inhabited an area in Southwest China, probably in Sichuan. From here one branch followed the Brahmaputra river and migrated into Northeast India and became ancestor of the Mundari-speakers after intermarrying with Indian locals. Another branch followed the Irrawaddy and Mekong river to migrate into Southeast Asia and became ancestor of the Mon and Khmer. Another followed the Yangtze river eastward to Hunan and this group later came into contact with the Shang and became known as the Pu in ancient China.

tibet.w.chi.rivers.jpg


Looking at the map, the Northern Yi legend about conquering and intermarrying with the Pu people in southern Sichuan make total sense because southern Sichuan is where all these rivers meet and would have been the hub of many AA-speaking tribes.


But Vietnamese were not known as Pu. They were known as Yue.

This could be explained as followed:

The Pu came into contact with the Chinese (Shang) earlier than the Yue did. By Spring and Autumn period, most Pu had already been conquered and absorbed into the Chinese state, the few Pu tribes left withdrew to mountainous area.

At the same time the Pu tribes were disappearing, the Chinese came into increasing contact with the Yue. By the Han dynasty, the Yue were the only major barbarian type left. It was easier to just clump Vietnamese with the Yue who still existed than with the Pu who had already disappeared (most of them).

The Vietnamese themselves were not entirely Pu. Pu were just one of their ancestors. Several tribes from Southern China probably met in Northern Vietnam, intermarried and created the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese legend itself also indicated that Vietnamese descended from the union of two types of people, one from the highland (represented by the fairy) and one from the coast (represented by the dragon).

Since the Pu came into contact with Chinese earlier and were more absorbed into Chinese, it explains why more Austro-asiatic vocabularies and reflexes were found in Old Chinese. It also explains why there are so few AA-speakers left in Southern China today. They were absorbed.
 
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