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Arab states of the Arab Gulf
India and the Arab states of the Arab Gulf enjoy strong cultural and economic ties. This is reflected in the fact that more than 50% of the oil consumed by India comes from the Arab Gulf countries and Indian nationals form the largest expatriate community in the Arabian peninsula. The annual remittance by Indian expatriates in the region amounted to US$20 billion in 2007. India is one of the largest trading partners of the CCASG with non-oil trade between India and Dubai alone amounting to US$19 billion in 2007. The Arab Gulf countries have also played an important role in addressing India's energy security concerns, with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait regularly increasing their oil supply to India to meet the country's rising energy demand. In 2005, Kuwait increased its oil exports to India by 10% increasing the net oil trade between the two to US$4.5 billion. In 2008, Qatar decided to invest US$5 billion in India's energy sector.
India has maritime security arrangement in place with Oman and Qatar. In 2008, a landmark defense pact was signed, under which India committed its military assets to protect "Qatar from external threats". There has been progress in a proposed deep-sea gas pipeline from Qatar, via Oman, to India.
The Republic of India and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed their first bilateral agreement for cooperation and friendly relations in 1947, which was formalized in 1950 when India became a sovereign democratic republic. The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India stated in August 2011 that,'India and Jordan have very warm, cordial and cooperative relations; and it is our hope that the existing mutually beneficial relationship would be further deepened and strengthened in the days ahead. Indian tourists visited Jordan in large numbers in 2010, with nearly 51,000 visitors. Apart from this, military, cultural and economic exchanges between the two nations is widespread. Quoting the Indian Foreign Ministry, 'India was the largest export partner and ninth largest import partner of Jordan in 2008. The trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$1.785 billion in 2008 i.e. Jordan’s imports from India stood at about US$503 million in 2008 while its exports to India reached at US$1.283 billion in 2008. India’s position in 2009 is third and fifteenth respectively as the trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$983 million in 2009 i.e. India’s exports to Jordan in 2009 stood at US$ 297 million while imports were valued at US$ 686 million. In 2010, the India-Jordan trade volume stood at US$ 1.16 billion i.e. India’s exports to Jordan stood at US$382 million in 2010 while imports were to the tune of US$783 million in 2010. Jordan is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and has thus forged close relations with India
Bahrain
Main article: Bahrain–India relations
India is a close ally of Bahrain, the Kingdom along with its GCC partners are (according to Indian officials) among the most prominent backers of India's bid for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, and Bahraini officials have urged India to play a greater role in international affairs. For instance, over concerns about Iran's nuclear programme Bahrain's Crown Prince appealed to India to play an active role in resolving the crisis.
Ties between India and Bahrain go back generations, with many of Bahrain's most prominent figures having close connections: poet and constitutionalist Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh grew up in Bombay, while 17th century Bahraini theologians Sheikh Salih Al-Karzakani and Sheikh Ja`far bin Kamal al-Din were influential figures in the Kingdom of Golkonda and the development of Shia thought in the sub-continent.
Bahraini politicians have sought to enhance these long standing ties, with Parliamentary Speaker Khalifa Al Dhahrani in 2007 leading a delegation of parliamentarians and business leaders to meet Indian President Pratibha Patil, opposition leader L K Advani, and take part in training and media interviews. Politically, it is easier for Bahrain's politicians to seek training and advice from India than it is from the United States or other western alternative.
In December 2007, the Bahrain India Society was launched in Manama to promote ties between the two countries. Headed by the former Minister of Labour Abdulnabi Al Shoala, the Society seeks to take advantage of the development in civil society to actively work to strengthen ties between the two countries, not only business links, but according to the body's opening statement in politics, social affairs, science and culture. India's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs E Ahmed and his Bahraini counterpart Dr Nazar Al Baharna attended the launch.
Sudan
Indo-Sudanese relations have always been characterized as longstanding, close, and friendly, even since the early development stages of their countries.At the time of Indian independence, Sudan had contributed 70000 pounds, which was used to build part of the National Defence Academy in Pune. The main building of NDA is called Sudan Block. The two nations established diplomatic relations shortly after India became known as one of the first Asian countries to recognize the newly independent African country. India and Sudan also share geographic and historical similarities, as well as economic interests. Both countries are former British colonies, and remotely border Saudi Arabia by means of a body of water. India and Sudan continue to have cordial relations, despite issues such as India's close relationship with Israel, India's solidarity with Egypt over border issues with Sudan, and Sudan's intimate bonds with Pakistan and Bangladesh. India had also contributed some troops as United Nations peacekeeping force in Darfur.
Saudi Arabia
India — Saudi Arabia relations, or Indo-Saudi relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Trade and cultural links between ancient India and Arabia date back to third millennium BC. By 1000 AD, the trade relations between southern India and Arabia flourished and became the backbone of the Arabian economy. Arab traders held a monopoly over the spice trade between India and Europe until the rise of European imperialist empires. India was one of the first nations to establish ties with the Third Saudi State. During the 1930s, India heavily funded Nejd through financial subsidies.
Formal diplomatic relations between contemporary India and Saudi Arabia were established soon after India gained independence in 1947. Relations between the two countries have strengthened considerably owing to cooperation in regional affairs and trade. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest suppliers of oil to India, who is one of the top seven trading partners and the fifth biggest investor in Saudi Arabia.
In history there have been three visits to Saudi Arabia by an Indian Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (1955), Indira Gandhi (1982) and Manmohan Singh (2010). The two countries share similar views on combating terrorism.
Background
Since its independence in 1947, India has sought to maintain strong ties with Saudi Arabia, an important state and trading base in West Asia. In a major visit by King Saud of Saudi Arabia to India in November 1955, both nations agreed to shape their relationship based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. Saudi Arabia is also home to more than 1.4 million Indian workers. India was amongst the few nations to recognise the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan while Saudi Arabia was one of the key financers and supporters of the Afghan mujahideen who fought the Soviets and their Afghan allies from Pakistan.
Development of bilateral relations
India's strategic relations with Saudi Arabia have been affected by the latter's close ties with Pakistan. Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan's stance on the Kashmir conflict and during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 at the expense of its relations with India. The Soviet Union's close relations with India also served as a source of consternation. During the Persian Gulf War (1990–91), India officially maintained neutrality. Saudi Arabia's close military and strategic ties with Pakistan have also been a source of continuing strain.
Since the 1990s, both nations have taken steps to improve ties. Saudi Arabia has supported granting observer status to India in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and has expanded its cooperation with India to fight terrorism. In January 2006, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia made a special visit to India, becoming the first Saudi monarch in 51 years to do so. The Saudi king and the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an agreement forging a strategic energy partnership that was termed the "Delhi Declaration." The pact provides for a "reliable, stable and increased volume of crude oil supplies to India through long-term contracts." Both nations also agreed on joint ventures and the development of oil and natural gas in public and private sectors. An Indo-Saudi joint declaration in the Indian capital New Delhi described the king's visit as "heralding a new era in India-Saudi Arabia relations."
Commerce
Since the 1990s, India's economic liberalisation has helped bolster trade with Saudi Arabia, which annually supplies to India nearly 175 million barrels (25 million metric tonnes) of crude oil, or a quarter of its needs. In 2006–07 bilateral trade stood at USD 16 billion (USD 3 billion excluding oil) and is expected to double by 2010. India's current exports to Saudi Arabia stand at USD 2.6 billion, while Saudi Arabia's exports are in the range of USD 13.4 billion (USD 1.2 billion excluding oil). India's major exports include basmati rice, textiles and garments and machinery, while it imports organic and inorganic chemicals, metal scrap, leather, gold and oil from Saudi Arabia. Both nations are expected to expand trade and cooperation and joint ventures in telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, health services, information technology, biotechnology, agriculture, construction projects, energy and financial services. Both countries agreed to launch joint ventures for developing gas-based fertiliser plants in Saudi Arabia. India agreed to set up institutes of higher education and research, provide educational opportunities in India for Saudi Arabian students and expand cooperation between India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation (SASO).
India and Saudi trade was almost USD 25 billion last fiscal year with about 2 million Indians working in Saudi Arabia .
Bilateral investment
India and Saudi Arabia are developing countries and need two-sided flow of investment in infrastructure and development. Progressive growth has been observed between the countries in bilateral investment after the liberalization policy of India in 1991 and little bit faster increase in new millennium. Saudi Arabia is ranked at 15th position in country-wise FDI joint venture in India and it is second in Arab countries followed by UAE. Saudi has $21.55 million dollar worth value in FDI joint venture during 2004–05 to 2007–08. Saudi is also among the major FDI investing countries in India, it has invested 422.1 million INR during August 1991 to December 1999 and 690.71 million INR during January 2000 to August 2008. Investment is observed in diverse fields such as paper manufacture, chemicals, computer software, granite processing, industrial products and machinery, cement, metallurgical industries, etc. Indian firms also has shown the interest in Saudi market after new Saudi laws and established joint venture projects or wholly owned subsidiaries in the Kingdom. According to Saudi investment authority survey, India has 56 FDI projects having worth of 304 million SAR during 2005 in Saudi Arabia. These licenses are for projects in different sectors such as management and consultancy services, construction projects, telecommunications, information technology, pharmaceuticals, etc. Moreover, several Indian companies have established collaborations with Saudi companies and working in the Kingdom in the areas of designing, consultancy, financial services and software development.
2010 visit to Saudi Arabia by Manmohan Singh
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh undertook a three-day visit to Saudi Arabia beginning 27 February 2010. He was accompanied by his wife Gursharan Kaur, Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma, Petroleum Minister Murli Deora and Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor. It was the first visit to the kingdom by an Indian Prime Minister since 1982 and the third to date.
In a rare gesture, Dr. Singh and his official delegation were received at the royal terminal of the King Khalid International Airport by Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz accompanied by his entire cabinet. In departure from the protocol norms, a red carpet was rolled out to the Prime Minister. The nearly 40-km route from the airport to the city centre was lined with Indian and Saudi Arabian flags.
On the second day a formal reception was held in honour of the state guests. Singh was scheduled to address the Majlis-e-Shura, described as "a singular honour". Female diplomat Latha Reddy was permitted not to wear the abaya or the hijab. This special allowance was described as "largely symbolic in nature, but it is a sign of the changing times".
During his visit Dr. Singh was conferred an honorary doctorate by Saudi Arabia’s prestigious King Saud University. An MoU for cooperation was signed between Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the King Saud University in the presence of the Prime Minister. Later, speaking at a community event at the Indian Embassy hosted by Indian Ambassador Talmeez Ahmed, the Prime Minister praised the contributions made by the over 1.8 million Indian citizens. “India is proud of you and proud of your achievements in this country,” he said.
An extradition treaty was signed by Indian Health and Family Welfare Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad and Prince Naif bin Abdul Aziz the Saudi Arabian Second Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister. Four agreements pertaining to transfer of sentenced persons, cultural cooperation, Memorandum of Understanding between Indian Space Research Organisation and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology for cooperation in peaceful use of outer space and joint research and information technology were also signed in presence of the two leaders. Four other agreements were also signed the day before, including one by Tata Motors to supply school buses worth $80 million.
Dr. Singh returned home on 1 March 2010 concluding this 3-day visit. This visit is considered as India's attempt to increase the depth of relationships between the two countries and make a pitch for investments from Saudi Arabia.
Saudi king on rare visit to India
India's growing economy is fuelling greater energy needs and Saudi Arabia supplies a quarter of its oil.
"I consider myself to be in my second homeland," King Abdullah said soon after his arrival.
"The relationship between India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an historic one, we have been old friends and, God willing, this visit will renew these historic ties."
The king arrived in the Indian capital, Delhi, late on Tuesday and was personally received at the airport by the Indian prime minister, a rare honour.
For nearly half a century, India and Saudi Arabia were on opposite sides of the Cold War divide.
Delhi saw the kingdom as close to long-time rival Pakistan and was also suspicious of its support for radical Islamic groups.
Saudi Arabia never approved of India's relationship with Moscow or its failure to condemn the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Egypt
Modern Egypt-India relations go back to the contacts between Saad Zaghloul and Mohandas Gandhi on the common goals of their respective movements of independence. In 1955, Egypt under Gamal Abdul Nasser and India under Jawaharlal Nehru became the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. During the 1956 War, Nehru stood supporting Egypt to the point of threatening to withdraw his country from the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, following the Arab-Israeli war, India supported Egypt and the Arabs. In 1977, New Delhi described the visit of President Anwar al-Sadat to Jerusalem as a "brave" move and considered the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel a primary step on the path of a just settlement of the Middle East problem. Major Egyptian exports to India include raw cotton, raw and manufactured fertilizers, oil and oil products, organic and non-organic chemicals, leather and iron products. Major imports into Egypt from India are cotton yarn, sesame, coffee, herbs, tobacco, lentils, pharmaceutical products and transport equipment. The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum is also currently negotiating the establishment of a natural gas-operated fertilizer plant with another Indian company. In 2004 the Gas Authority of India Limited, bought 15% of Egypt Nat Gas distribution and marketing company. In 2008 Egyptian investment in India was worth some 750 million dollars, according to the Egyptian ambassador. After Arab Spring of 2011, with ousting of Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has asked for help of India in conducting nationwide elections.
Iraq
Iraq was one of the few countries in the Middle East with which India established diplomatic relations at the embassy level immediately after its independence in 1947. Both nations signed the "Treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship" in 1952 and an agreement of cooperation on cultural affairs in 1954. India was amongst the first to recognize the Baath Party-led government, and Iraq remained neutral during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. However, Iraq sided alongside other Arab Gulf states in supporting Pakistan against India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which saw the creation of Bangladesh. The eight-year long Iran–Iraq War caused a steep decline in trade and commerce between the two nations.
During the 1991 Arab Gulf War, India remained neutral but permitted refueling for U.S. airplanes. It opposed U.N. sanctions on Iraq, but the period of war and Iraq's isolation further diminished India's commercial and diplomatic ties. From 1999 onwards, Iraq and India began to work towards a stronger relationship. Iraq had supported India's right to conduct nuclear tests following its tests of five nuclear weapons on 11 and 13 May 1998. In 2000, the then-Vice President of Iraq Taha Yassin Ramadan visited India, and on 6 August 2002 President Saddam Hussein conveyed Iraq's "unwavering support" to India over the Kashmir dispute with Pakistan. India and Iraq established joint ministerial committees and trade delegations to promote extensive bilateral cooperation. Although initially disrupted during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, diplomatic and commercial ties between India and the new democratic government of Iraq have since been normalized.
Oman
India–Oman relations are foreign relations between India and the Sultanate of Oman. India has an embassy in Muscat, Oman. The Indian consulate was opened in Muscat in February 1955 and five years later it was upgraded to a Consulate General and later developed into a full fledged Embassy in 1971. The first Ambassador of India arrived in Muscat in 1973. Oman established its Embassy in New Delhi in 1972 and a Consulate General in Mumbai in 1976.
Algeria
Algeria–India relations refers to the bilateral ties between Algeria and India. Algeria has an embassy in New Delhi. India has an embassy in Algiers.
Both nations are part of the Non-Aligned Movement. Being a member of the African Union, Algeria supports India's candidature for a permanent seat in a reformed Security Council.
Economic ties
In January 2012, The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India stated that "Bilateral trade [between Algeria and India] is showing a positive trend; it has grown from US$ 55 million in 2001 to US$ 3.4 billion in 2011." Recently, India and Algeria have taken steps to increase cooperation in the oil sector.
Bilateral cooperation and assistance
India provided Algeria with 1 million dollars as humanitarian aid for "the victims of the earthquake which struck Algeria in May 2003. Medicines worth half a million US dollars were handed over in April 2004 and the balance in the form of construction steel for the houses for the victims was handed over in October 2006." The Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Algerian Satellite Alsat 2A into the orbit in July 2010.
Morocco
I. Political Relations
Morocco and India established diplomatic relations in 1957, a year after the recognition of Morocco’s independence. Over the past 50 years the political relations between Morocco and India countries have been developing steadily and smoothly.
The two countries share close or similar views on many international issues. Morocco and India have steadily expanded excellent relationship in various fields, which is symbolized by the historical state visit of His Majesty King Mohammed VI made to India between February 26 and March 3, 2001.
Bilateral visits
Visits to India:
State visit of His Majesty King Mohammed VI (February 26- March 3, 2001);
Visit of then His Royal Highness CrownPrince Sidi Mohammed (1983);
Visit of Minister of Trade, Mr. Abou Ayoub, (6-8 March 1991);
Visit of Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mr. Abdellatif Filali, (18- 20 February 1992);
Visit of Minister of Commerce, Industry and Handicrafts, Mr. Driss Jettou, (25-28 June, 1995);
Visit of a Moroccan parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. Jalal Essaid, President of the House of Representatives (6-12 August 1995);
Visit of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Taib Fassi Fihri (6-7 April 1997);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Abderrahmane Youssoufi (21-25 February 2000);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Driss Jettou (December 2004);
Visit of Minister of Territory Development, Water, and Environment, Mr. Mohammed El Yazghi (September 2005);
Visit of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mr. Mohammed Benaissa, (June 2006);
Visit of a Moroccan parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. Abdelwahad Radi, President of the House of Representatives (23-27 November 2006);
Visit of Minister-Delegate to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mrs. Nouzha Chekrouni (January 2007).
Visits to Morocco:
Visit of H.E. President, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam (2007);
Visit of Vise President, Mr Zakir Hussain (1967);
Visit of former Vise President, Mr. M. K. R Narayanan (July 1993);
Visit of Mrs. Najma Heptullah Akbarati, MP and Deputy Speaker of Indian parliament (2-28 April 1996);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Atal bihari Vajpayee as head of an official delegation (13-14 February 1999);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. Saleem Iqbal Sherwani (1-3 August 1997);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mrs. Vasundhara Raje (25-27 June 1998);
Visit of a parliamentary delegation led by the Speaker of Lok Sabha (parliament) B.M.C. Balayogi (7-12 October 1998);
Visit of the Minister of State for Finance, Mr. K.M.R Janardhan (28-30 October 1998);
Visit of Mrs. Najma Heptullah Akbarati, MP and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (parliament) (10-12 November 1999);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. E. Ahamed (23-26 May 2005);
Visit of an Indian parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. G.M.C Balayogi, Speaker of Indian Parliament (6-12 August 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. E. Ahamed (February 2007);
Visit of the Minister of State for Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation, Mr. Kumari Selja (January 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for Industry, Mr. Ashwani Kumar (December 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for Industry, Mr. Ashwani Kumar (May 2007);
Visit of the Minister of Chemicals, Fertilizers and Steel, Mr. Ram Vilas Paswan (March 2008).
II- Economic and Trade Relations
Morocco maintains good economic relations with India, which have witnessed an obvious improvement and bilateral trade has expanded in the past few years, mainly after the visit of His Majesty King Mohamed VI to India during the year 2001.
India has been the largest importer of phosphate and its derivatives from Morocco. Nearly 40 per cent of Morocco’s phosphoric acid was exported to India during the last decade. A renowned Moroccan group – Office Cherifien Des Phosphates (O.C.P Group) – continues to sustain healthy relations with its Indian partners.
IMACID (50% OCP, 50% Chambal Fertilize-India) : OCP Group has established relations with Chambal, an Indian company belonging to the Birla private group. In 1999, this partnership led to the commissioning, within the Jorf Lasfar industrial complex, of IMACID, a phosphoric acid plant with an annual production capacity of 370,000 tons P2O5. The manufacture of such a volume of acid requires 1.2 million tons of Khouribga phosphate rock and 330,000 million tons of sulphur. In 2005, Indian Tata Chemicals Ltd (TCL), joined this joint venture as a third partner by disinvesting one third of their holding to the Indian company "Tata Chemicals Ltd" (TCL).
Zuari Maroc Phosphore (50% OCP, 50% Chambal Fertilizer-India) : Resulting from a partnership between OCP Group and Chambal Fertilizer Ltd (Indian Birla group), this investment company holds 74% of Paradeep Phosphate Ltd (PPL). The remaining 26% are held by the Indian Government. The unit is specialized in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, with a production capacity of 1 million tons per year.
The kingdom, who has very strong economic cooperation with India in the fields of phosphates, reiterates its call on Indian companies for investing in new economic sectors, from automobile to agriculture machinery and agro-industry, power to tourism and IT services to pharmaceutics.
Furthermore, Morocco offers a rich and widely diversified potential which gives Indian companies the opportunity to use it as the gateway for trade with the EU, the US, the Mediterranean countries as well as Africa and the Arab world.
Moroccan-Indian Joint Business Council (MIJBC)
The Morocco-Indian Joint Business Council (MIJBC) was set up on February 23, 2000 to help promoting trade between the two countries, contribute to industrial and technological collaboration between their enterprises and economic institutions. The Council has proved to be a useful mechanism for interaction between the Moroccan and Indian companies.
The MIJBC has held three meetings, New Delhi (February 2001), Casablanca (June 2001) and New Delhi (December 2004). The forth session of the council is scheduled to be held in Morocco.
Moroccan-Indian Joint Commission
In virtue of the Moroccan-Indian Trade Agreement of 1981, a Joint Commission was established consisting of representatives of the two countries to ensure the execution and smooth working of this Agreement.
Since its establishment, the Joint Commission has held three sessions, Rabat (May 1985), New Delhi (July 1995), and Rabat (January 2001). The fourth session of the Joint Commission is scheduled to be held in New Delhi and proposes to further strengthen the bond between the two countries in terms of trade and business opportunities.
Legal Framework
Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding signed between Morocco and India:
Trade Agreement, 26-09-1960;
Trade Agreement, 03-08-1963;
Trade Agreement, 17-11-1981;
Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation, 20-11-1981;
Cultural and Scientific Cooperation Accord, 12-01-1983;
Mutual Cooperation Agreement between the Moroccan Export Promotion Center (CMPE) and the Federation of Indian Export Organizations (FIEO), 22-04-1996;
MOU on regular Consultations between the MAEC of Morocco and the MEA of India, 25-06-1998;
Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, 30-10-1998;
Agreement concerning the Promotion and Protection of Investments, 13-02-1999;
Tourism Cooperation Agreement, 13-02-1999;
Agreement for Cooperation between Maghreb Arab Press (MAP) and Press Trust of India (PTI), 13-02-1999;
Agreement for Cooperation in the fields of Merchant Shipping and Maritime, 22-02-2000;
Agreement for Cooperation in the field of Energy and Mines, 22-02-2000;
Agreement for Cooperation between RTM (Moroccan Radio & TV) and Doordarshan TV, 22-02-2000;
MOU between CGEM (General Confederation for Moroccan Enterprises) and CII (Confederation of Indian Industry) for setting up a joint Business Council, 22-02-2000;
MOU between APEBI (Moroccan Federation of Information Technologies, Telecommunications and Offshoring) and NASSCOM (the trade body of the IT/BPO industry in India), 22-02-2000;
Agreement on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine, 27-02-2001;
Agreement on Veterinary Sanitation, 27-02-2001;
MOU in the field of Geology and Mines, 27-02-2001;
MOU on Mutual Cooperation between the Moroccan MAEC and the Foreign Service Institute, 09-01-2004;
Air Services Agreement, -12-2004;
MOU in the field of Agriculture Research and Education, -12-2004;
MOU for Cooperation in Power Sector, -12-2004;
MOU on Bilateral Cooperation in Housing Sector, -01-2006.
India and the Arab states of the Arab Gulf enjoy strong cultural and economic ties. This is reflected in the fact that more than 50% of the oil consumed by India comes from the Arab Gulf countries and Indian nationals form the largest expatriate community in the Arabian peninsula. The annual remittance by Indian expatriates in the region amounted to US$20 billion in 2007. India is one of the largest trading partners of the CCASG with non-oil trade between India and Dubai alone amounting to US$19 billion in 2007. The Arab Gulf countries have also played an important role in addressing India's energy security concerns, with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait regularly increasing their oil supply to India to meet the country's rising energy demand. In 2005, Kuwait increased its oil exports to India by 10% increasing the net oil trade between the two to US$4.5 billion. In 2008, Qatar decided to invest US$5 billion in India's energy sector.
India has maritime security arrangement in place with Oman and Qatar. In 2008, a landmark defense pact was signed, under which India committed its military assets to protect "Qatar from external threats". There has been progress in a proposed deep-sea gas pipeline from Qatar, via Oman, to India.
The Republic of India and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed their first bilateral agreement for cooperation and friendly relations in 1947, which was formalized in 1950 when India became a sovereign democratic republic. The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India stated in August 2011 that,'India and Jordan have very warm, cordial and cooperative relations; and it is our hope that the existing mutually beneficial relationship would be further deepened and strengthened in the days ahead. Indian tourists visited Jordan in large numbers in 2010, with nearly 51,000 visitors. Apart from this, military, cultural and economic exchanges between the two nations is widespread. Quoting the Indian Foreign Ministry, 'India was the largest export partner and ninth largest import partner of Jordan in 2008. The trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$1.785 billion in 2008 i.e. Jordan’s imports from India stood at about US$503 million in 2008 while its exports to India reached at US$1.283 billion in 2008. India’s position in 2009 is third and fifteenth respectively as the trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$983 million in 2009 i.e. India’s exports to Jordan in 2009 stood at US$ 297 million while imports were valued at US$ 686 million. In 2010, the India-Jordan trade volume stood at US$ 1.16 billion i.e. India’s exports to Jordan stood at US$382 million in 2010 while imports were to the tune of US$783 million in 2010. Jordan is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and has thus forged close relations with India
Bahrain
Main article: Bahrain–India relations
India is a close ally of Bahrain, the Kingdom along with its GCC partners are (according to Indian officials) among the most prominent backers of India's bid for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, and Bahraini officials have urged India to play a greater role in international affairs. For instance, over concerns about Iran's nuclear programme Bahrain's Crown Prince appealed to India to play an active role in resolving the crisis.
Ties between India and Bahrain go back generations, with many of Bahrain's most prominent figures having close connections: poet and constitutionalist Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh grew up in Bombay, while 17th century Bahraini theologians Sheikh Salih Al-Karzakani and Sheikh Ja`far bin Kamal al-Din were influential figures in the Kingdom of Golkonda and the development of Shia thought in the sub-continent.
Bahraini politicians have sought to enhance these long standing ties, with Parliamentary Speaker Khalifa Al Dhahrani in 2007 leading a delegation of parliamentarians and business leaders to meet Indian President Pratibha Patil, opposition leader L K Advani, and take part in training and media interviews. Politically, it is easier for Bahrain's politicians to seek training and advice from India than it is from the United States or other western alternative.
In December 2007, the Bahrain India Society was launched in Manama to promote ties between the two countries. Headed by the former Minister of Labour Abdulnabi Al Shoala, the Society seeks to take advantage of the development in civil society to actively work to strengthen ties between the two countries, not only business links, but according to the body's opening statement in politics, social affairs, science and culture. India's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs E Ahmed and his Bahraini counterpart Dr Nazar Al Baharna attended the launch.
Sudan
Indo-Sudanese relations have always been characterized as longstanding, close, and friendly, even since the early development stages of their countries.At the time of Indian independence, Sudan had contributed 70000 pounds, which was used to build part of the National Defence Academy in Pune. The main building of NDA is called Sudan Block. The two nations established diplomatic relations shortly after India became known as one of the first Asian countries to recognize the newly independent African country. India and Sudan also share geographic and historical similarities, as well as economic interests. Both countries are former British colonies, and remotely border Saudi Arabia by means of a body of water. India and Sudan continue to have cordial relations, despite issues such as India's close relationship with Israel, India's solidarity with Egypt over border issues with Sudan, and Sudan's intimate bonds with Pakistan and Bangladesh. India had also contributed some troops as United Nations peacekeeping force in Darfur.
Saudi Arabia
India — Saudi Arabia relations, or Indo-Saudi relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Trade and cultural links between ancient India and Arabia date back to third millennium BC. By 1000 AD, the trade relations between southern India and Arabia flourished and became the backbone of the Arabian economy. Arab traders held a monopoly over the spice trade between India and Europe until the rise of European imperialist empires. India was one of the first nations to establish ties with the Third Saudi State. During the 1930s, India heavily funded Nejd through financial subsidies.
Formal diplomatic relations between contemporary India and Saudi Arabia were established soon after India gained independence in 1947. Relations between the two countries have strengthened considerably owing to cooperation in regional affairs and trade. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest suppliers of oil to India, who is one of the top seven trading partners and the fifth biggest investor in Saudi Arabia.
In history there have been three visits to Saudi Arabia by an Indian Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (1955), Indira Gandhi (1982) and Manmohan Singh (2010). The two countries share similar views on combating terrorism.
Background
Since its independence in 1947, India has sought to maintain strong ties with Saudi Arabia, an important state and trading base in West Asia. In a major visit by King Saud of Saudi Arabia to India in November 1955, both nations agreed to shape their relationship based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. Saudi Arabia is also home to more than 1.4 million Indian workers. India was amongst the few nations to recognise the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan while Saudi Arabia was one of the key financers and supporters of the Afghan mujahideen who fought the Soviets and their Afghan allies from Pakistan.
Development of bilateral relations
India's strategic relations with Saudi Arabia have been affected by the latter's close ties with Pakistan. Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan's stance on the Kashmir conflict and during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 at the expense of its relations with India. The Soviet Union's close relations with India also served as a source of consternation. During the Persian Gulf War (1990–91), India officially maintained neutrality. Saudi Arabia's close military and strategic ties with Pakistan have also been a source of continuing strain.
Since the 1990s, both nations have taken steps to improve ties. Saudi Arabia has supported granting observer status to India in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and has expanded its cooperation with India to fight terrorism. In January 2006, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia made a special visit to India, becoming the first Saudi monarch in 51 years to do so. The Saudi king and the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an agreement forging a strategic energy partnership that was termed the "Delhi Declaration." The pact provides for a "reliable, stable and increased volume of crude oil supplies to India through long-term contracts." Both nations also agreed on joint ventures and the development of oil and natural gas in public and private sectors. An Indo-Saudi joint declaration in the Indian capital New Delhi described the king's visit as "heralding a new era in India-Saudi Arabia relations."
Commerce
Since the 1990s, India's economic liberalisation has helped bolster trade with Saudi Arabia, which annually supplies to India nearly 175 million barrels (25 million metric tonnes) of crude oil, or a quarter of its needs. In 2006–07 bilateral trade stood at USD 16 billion (USD 3 billion excluding oil) and is expected to double by 2010. India's current exports to Saudi Arabia stand at USD 2.6 billion, while Saudi Arabia's exports are in the range of USD 13.4 billion (USD 1.2 billion excluding oil). India's major exports include basmati rice, textiles and garments and machinery, while it imports organic and inorganic chemicals, metal scrap, leather, gold and oil from Saudi Arabia. Both nations are expected to expand trade and cooperation and joint ventures in telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, health services, information technology, biotechnology, agriculture, construction projects, energy and financial services. Both countries agreed to launch joint ventures for developing gas-based fertiliser plants in Saudi Arabia. India agreed to set up institutes of higher education and research, provide educational opportunities in India for Saudi Arabian students and expand cooperation between India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation (SASO).
India and Saudi trade was almost USD 25 billion last fiscal year with about 2 million Indians working in Saudi Arabia .
Bilateral investment
India and Saudi Arabia are developing countries and need two-sided flow of investment in infrastructure and development. Progressive growth has been observed between the countries in bilateral investment after the liberalization policy of India in 1991 and little bit faster increase in new millennium. Saudi Arabia is ranked at 15th position in country-wise FDI joint venture in India and it is second in Arab countries followed by UAE. Saudi has $21.55 million dollar worth value in FDI joint venture during 2004–05 to 2007–08. Saudi is also among the major FDI investing countries in India, it has invested 422.1 million INR during August 1991 to December 1999 and 690.71 million INR during January 2000 to August 2008. Investment is observed in diverse fields such as paper manufacture, chemicals, computer software, granite processing, industrial products and machinery, cement, metallurgical industries, etc. Indian firms also has shown the interest in Saudi market after new Saudi laws and established joint venture projects or wholly owned subsidiaries in the Kingdom. According to Saudi investment authority survey, India has 56 FDI projects having worth of 304 million SAR during 2005 in Saudi Arabia. These licenses are for projects in different sectors such as management and consultancy services, construction projects, telecommunications, information technology, pharmaceuticals, etc. Moreover, several Indian companies have established collaborations with Saudi companies and working in the Kingdom in the areas of designing, consultancy, financial services and software development.
2010 visit to Saudi Arabia by Manmohan Singh
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh undertook a three-day visit to Saudi Arabia beginning 27 February 2010. He was accompanied by his wife Gursharan Kaur, Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma, Petroleum Minister Murli Deora and Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor. It was the first visit to the kingdom by an Indian Prime Minister since 1982 and the third to date.
In a rare gesture, Dr. Singh and his official delegation were received at the royal terminal of the King Khalid International Airport by Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz accompanied by his entire cabinet. In departure from the protocol norms, a red carpet was rolled out to the Prime Minister. The nearly 40-km route from the airport to the city centre was lined with Indian and Saudi Arabian flags.
On the second day a formal reception was held in honour of the state guests. Singh was scheduled to address the Majlis-e-Shura, described as "a singular honour". Female diplomat Latha Reddy was permitted not to wear the abaya or the hijab. This special allowance was described as "largely symbolic in nature, but it is a sign of the changing times".
During his visit Dr. Singh was conferred an honorary doctorate by Saudi Arabia’s prestigious King Saud University. An MoU for cooperation was signed between Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the King Saud University in the presence of the Prime Minister. Later, speaking at a community event at the Indian Embassy hosted by Indian Ambassador Talmeez Ahmed, the Prime Minister praised the contributions made by the over 1.8 million Indian citizens. “India is proud of you and proud of your achievements in this country,” he said.
An extradition treaty was signed by Indian Health and Family Welfare Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad and Prince Naif bin Abdul Aziz the Saudi Arabian Second Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister. Four agreements pertaining to transfer of sentenced persons, cultural cooperation, Memorandum of Understanding between Indian Space Research Organisation and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology for cooperation in peaceful use of outer space and joint research and information technology were also signed in presence of the two leaders. Four other agreements were also signed the day before, including one by Tata Motors to supply school buses worth $80 million.
Dr. Singh returned home on 1 March 2010 concluding this 3-day visit. This visit is considered as India's attempt to increase the depth of relationships between the two countries and make a pitch for investments from Saudi Arabia.
Saudi king on rare visit to India
India's growing economy is fuelling greater energy needs and Saudi Arabia supplies a quarter of its oil.
"I consider myself to be in my second homeland," King Abdullah said soon after his arrival.
"The relationship between India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an historic one, we have been old friends and, God willing, this visit will renew these historic ties."
The king arrived in the Indian capital, Delhi, late on Tuesday and was personally received at the airport by the Indian prime minister, a rare honour.
For nearly half a century, India and Saudi Arabia were on opposite sides of the Cold War divide.
Delhi saw the kingdom as close to long-time rival Pakistan and was also suspicious of its support for radical Islamic groups.
Saudi Arabia never approved of India's relationship with Moscow or its failure to condemn the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Egypt
Modern Egypt-India relations go back to the contacts between Saad Zaghloul and Mohandas Gandhi on the common goals of their respective movements of independence. In 1955, Egypt under Gamal Abdul Nasser and India under Jawaharlal Nehru became the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. During the 1956 War, Nehru stood supporting Egypt to the point of threatening to withdraw his country from the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, following the Arab-Israeli war, India supported Egypt and the Arabs. In 1977, New Delhi described the visit of President Anwar al-Sadat to Jerusalem as a "brave" move and considered the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel a primary step on the path of a just settlement of the Middle East problem. Major Egyptian exports to India include raw cotton, raw and manufactured fertilizers, oil and oil products, organic and non-organic chemicals, leather and iron products. Major imports into Egypt from India are cotton yarn, sesame, coffee, herbs, tobacco, lentils, pharmaceutical products and transport equipment. The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum is also currently negotiating the establishment of a natural gas-operated fertilizer plant with another Indian company. In 2004 the Gas Authority of India Limited, bought 15% of Egypt Nat Gas distribution and marketing company. In 2008 Egyptian investment in India was worth some 750 million dollars, according to the Egyptian ambassador. After Arab Spring of 2011, with ousting of Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has asked for help of India in conducting nationwide elections.
Iraq
Iraq was one of the few countries in the Middle East with which India established diplomatic relations at the embassy level immediately after its independence in 1947. Both nations signed the "Treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship" in 1952 and an agreement of cooperation on cultural affairs in 1954. India was amongst the first to recognize the Baath Party-led government, and Iraq remained neutral during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. However, Iraq sided alongside other Arab Gulf states in supporting Pakistan against India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which saw the creation of Bangladesh. The eight-year long Iran–Iraq War caused a steep decline in trade and commerce between the two nations.
During the 1991 Arab Gulf War, India remained neutral but permitted refueling for U.S. airplanes. It opposed U.N. sanctions on Iraq, but the period of war and Iraq's isolation further diminished India's commercial and diplomatic ties. From 1999 onwards, Iraq and India began to work towards a stronger relationship. Iraq had supported India's right to conduct nuclear tests following its tests of five nuclear weapons on 11 and 13 May 1998. In 2000, the then-Vice President of Iraq Taha Yassin Ramadan visited India, and on 6 August 2002 President Saddam Hussein conveyed Iraq's "unwavering support" to India over the Kashmir dispute with Pakistan. India and Iraq established joint ministerial committees and trade delegations to promote extensive bilateral cooperation. Although initially disrupted during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, diplomatic and commercial ties between India and the new democratic government of Iraq have since been normalized.
Oman
India–Oman relations are foreign relations between India and the Sultanate of Oman. India has an embassy in Muscat, Oman. The Indian consulate was opened in Muscat in February 1955 and five years later it was upgraded to a Consulate General and later developed into a full fledged Embassy in 1971. The first Ambassador of India arrived in Muscat in 1973. Oman established its Embassy in New Delhi in 1972 and a Consulate General in Mumbai in 1976.
Algeria
Algeria–India relations refers to the bilateral ties between Algeria and India. Algeria has an embassy in New Delhi. India has an embassy in Algiers.
Both nations are part of the Non-Aligned Movement. Being a member of the African Union, Algeria supports India's candidature for a permanent seat in a reformed Security Council.
Economic ties
In January 2012, The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India stated that "Bilateral trade [between Algeria and India] is showing a positive trend; it has grown from US$ 55 million in 2001 to US$ 3.4 billion in 2011." Recently, India and Algeria have taken steps to increase cooperation in the oil sector.
Bilateral cooperation and assistance
India provided Algeria with 1 million dollars as humanitarian aid for "the victims of the earthquake which struck Algeria in May 2003. Medicines worth half a million US dollars were handed over in April 2004 and the balance in the form of construction steel for the houses for the victims was handed over in October 2006." The Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Algerian Satellite Alsat 2A into the orbit in July 2010.
Morocco
I. Political Relations
Morocco and India established diplomatic relations in 1957, a year after the recognition of Morocco’s independence. Over the past 50 years the political relations between Morocco and India countries have been developing steadily and smoothly.
The two countries share close or similar views on many international issues. Morocco and India have steadily expanded excellent relationship in various fields, which is symbolized by the historical state visit of His Majesty King Mohammed VI made to India between February 26 and March 3, 2001.
Bilateral visits
Visits to India:
State visit of His Majesty King Mohammed VI (February 26- March 3, 2001);
Visit of then His Royal Highness CrownPrince Sidi Mohammed (1983);
Visit of Minister of Trade, Mr. Abou Ayoub, (6-8 March 1991);
Visit of Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mr. Abdellatif Filali, (18- 20 February 1992);
Visit of Minister of Commerce, Industry and Handicrafts, Mr. Driss Jettou, (25-28 June, 1995);
Visit of a Moroccan parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. Jalal Essaid, President of the House of Representatives (6-12 August 1995);
Visit of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Taib Fassi Fihri (6-7 April 1997);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Abderrahmane Youssoufi (21-25 February 2000);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Driss Jettou (December 2004);
Visit of Minister of Territory Development, Water, and Environment, Mr. Mohammed El Yazghi (September 2005);
Visit of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mr. Mohammed Benaissa, (June 2006);
Visit of a Moroccan parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. Abdelwahad Radi, President of the House of Representatives (23-27 November 2006);
Visit of Minister-Delegate to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mrs. Nouzha Chekrouni (January 2007).
Visits to Morocco:
Visit of H.E. President, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam (2007);
Visit of Vise President, Mr Zakir Hussain (1967);
Visit of former Vise President, Mr. M. K. R Narayanan (July 1993);
Visit of Mrs. Najma Heptullah Akbarati, MP and Deputy Speaker of Indian parliament (2-28 April 1996);
Visit of Prime Minister, Mr. Atal bihari Vajpayee as head of an official delegation (13-14 February 1999);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. Saleem Iqbal Sherwani (1-3 August 1997);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mrs. Vasundhara Raje (25-27 June 1998);
Visit of a parliamentary delegation led by the Speaker of Lok Sabha (parliament) B.M.C. Balayogi (7-12 October 1998);
Visit of the Minister of State for Finance, Mr. K.M.R Janardhan (28-30 October 1998);
Visit of Mrs. Najma Heptullah Akbarati, MP and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (parliament) (10-12 November 1999);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. E. Ahamed (23-26 May 2005);
Visit of an Indian parliamentary delegation headed by Mr. G.M.C Balayogi, Speaker of Indian Parliament (6-12 August 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. E. Ahamed (February 2007);
Visit of the Minister of State for Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation, Mr. Kumari Selja (January 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for Industry, Mr. Ashwani Kumar (December 2006);
Visit of the Minister of State for Industry, Mr. Ashwani Kumar (May 2007);
Visit of the Minister of Chemicals, Fertilizers and Steel, Mr. Ram Vilas Paswan (March 2008).
II- Economic and Trade Relations
Morocco maintains good economic relations with India, which have witnessed an obvious improvement and bilateral trade has expanded in the past few years, mainly after the visit of His Majesty King Mohamed VI to India during the year 2001.
India has been the largest importer of phosphate and its derivatives from Morocco. Nearly 40 per cent of Morocco’s phosphoric acid was exported to India during the last decade. A renowned Moroccan group – Office Cherifien Des Phosphates (O.C.P Group) – continues to sustain healthy relations with its Indian partners.
IMACID (50% OCP, 50% Chambal Fertilize-India) : OCP Group has established relations with Chambal, an Indian company belonging to the Birla private group. In 1999, this partnership led to the commissioning, within the Jorf Lasfar industrial complex, of IMACID, a phosphoric acid plant with an annual production capacity of 370,000 tons P2O5. The manufacture of such a volume of acid requires 1.2 million tons of Khouribga phosphate rock and 330,000 million tons of sulphur. In 2005, Indian Tata Chemicals Ltd (TCL), joined this joint venture as a third partner by disinvesting one third of their holding to the Indian company "Tata Chemicals Ltd" (TCL).
Zuari Maroc Phosphore (50% OCP, 50% Chambal Fertilizer-India) : Resulting from a partnership between OCP Group and Chambal Fertilizer Ltd (Indian Birla group), this investment company holds 74% of Paradeep Phosphate Ltd (PPL). The remaining 26% are held by the Indian Government. The unit is specialized in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, with a production capacity of 1 million tons per year.
The kingdom, who has very strong economic cooperation with India in the fields of phosphates, reiterates its call on Indian companies for investing in new economic sectors, from automobile to agriculture machinery and agro-industry, power to tourism and IT services to pharmaceutics.
Furthermore, Morocco offers a rich and widely diversified potential which gives Indian companies the opportunity to use it as the gateway for trade with the EU, the US, the Mediterranean countries as well as Africa and the Arab world.
Moroccan-Indian Joint Business Council (MIJBC)
The Morocco-Indian Joint Business Council (MIJBC) was set up on February 23, 2000 to help promoting trade between the two countries, contribute to industrial and technological collaboration between their enterprises and economic institutions. The Council has proved to be a useful mechanism for interaction between the Moroccan and Indian companies.
The MIJBC has held three meetings, New Delhi (February 2001), Casablanca (June 2001) and New Delhi (December 2004). The forth session of the council is scheduled to be held in Morocco.
Moroccan-Indian Joint Commission
In virtue of the Moroccan-Indian Trade Agreement of 1981, a Joint Commission was established consisting of representatives of the two countries to ensure the execution and smooth working of this Agreement.
Since its establishment, the Joint Commission has held three sessions, Rabat (May 1985), New Delhi (July 1995), and Rabat (January 2001). The fourth session of the Joint Commission is scheduled to be held in New Delhi and proposes to further strengthen the bond between the two countries in terms of trade and business opportunities.
Legal Framework
Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding signed between Morocco and India:
Trade Agreement, 26-09-1960;
Trade Agreement, 03-08-1963;
Trade Agreement, 17-11-1981;
Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation, 20-11-1981;
Cultural and Scientific Cooperation Accord, 12-01-1983;
Mutual Cooperation Agreement between the Moroccan Export Promotion Center (CMPE) and the Federation of Indian Export Organizations (FIEO), 22-04-1996;
MOU on regular Consultations between the MAEC of Morocco and the MEA of India, 25-06-1998;
Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, 30-10-1998;
Agreement concerning the Promotion and Protection of Investments, 13-02-1999;
Tourism Cooperation Agreement, 13-02-1999;
Agreement for Cooperation between Maghreb Arab Press (MAP) and Press Trust of India (PTI), 13-02-1999;
Agreement for Cooperation in the fields of Merchant Shipping and Maritime, 22-02-2000;
Agreement for Cooperation in the field of Energy and Mines, 22-02-2000;
Agreement for Cooperation between RTM (Moroccan Radio & TV) and Doordarshan TV, 22-02-2000;
MOU between CGEM (General Confederation for Moroccan Enterprises) and CII (Confederation of Indian Industry) for setting up a joint Business Council, 22-02-2000;
MOU between APEBI (Moroccan Federation of Information Technologies, Telecommunications and Offshoring) and NASSCOM (the trade body of the IT/BPO industry in India), 22-02-2000;
Agreement on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine, 27-02-2001;
Agreement on Veterinary Sanitation, 27-02-2001;
MOU in the field of Geology and Mines, 27-02-2001;
MOU on Mutual Cooperation between the Moroccan MAEC and the Foreign Service Institute, 09-01-2004;
Air Services Agreement, -12-2004;
MOU in the field of Agriculture Research and Education, -12-2004;
MOU for Cooperation in Power Sector, -12-2004;
MOU on Bilateral Cooperation in Housing Sector, -01-2006.
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