Leaving aside the specific association to early 20th century movements, the term in general means any system of thought which does not tolerate dissent, views itself as the ultimate be all, and bestows upon its followers a special elite status to lead the unwashed masses to salvation. The element of coersion need not be physical; it may be purely intellectual.
It is, essentially, self-righteousness on steroids.
That is fascism of 20th century, one can't be a liberal and a person of above description simultaneously, it's an oxymoron, highest common denominator!
Once again, understand the context in which Liberal Fascism was coined by American Republicans.
Pashtun is an ethnicity, not a caste. As for the others, I have never met anyone who made bones about being one of these 'castes'. Frankly, I had never even heard of them before coming to this forum.
Let me refresh your memory -
Finally, this quaint concept of viewing everything through a prism of caste and ethnicity says more about the author, and perhaps the Indian mindset, than anything else.
See the problem is, nowhere does the author or me suggest that
Pakistani Govt or Military discriminate people based on their ethnicity and cast, but
ethnicity and caste matter at inheriting profession, children of traders are more likely to be trader while children of military officers are likely to enrol in military, here
likely being the keyword. Let me quote the author again in case the liberal fascism of the author shadowed his words.
However, the Hindu Punjabis had a very large mercantile population, comprising Khatris, Aroras and the Vaish (Baniyas). They were the creators of wealth and are today all in India. Two of these castes (Khatris and Aroras) were present in strong numbers in the Sikhs. Muslims had very few Khatris and no Baniyas. This is why Pakistani Punjab, though it contains over half of Pakistan’s population, does not dominate the country’s economy.
Again, the linked article goes in depth about the disparity in the income tax regime. The author seems to think that tax revenue reflects productivity or GDP. The article explains why that is a misleading yardstick in Pakistan, given all the tax exemptions in place.
It may sound stereotypical, but as the author has said, it is impossible to understand India without being aware of caste and I see no reason why this should not be true for the area that used to be India till 65 years ago.
What makes you think the banks were founded and managed by native Karachiites?
That's what common sense says, don't think people of Lahore would control business in Karachi.
As an aside, just because many US financial institutions are incorporated in Delaware (for tax and liability reasons) does not mean the Delawarites are more entrepreneurial. In the case of Karachi, this is where the labor market is most favorable (of all ethnicities), so businesses base themselves there. This creates more incentive for people to move to Karachi, and the self-perpetuating circle repeats.
Poor analogy, US is almost homogeneous while India/Pakistan is not. Sindhis and Mohajir definitely played a major role to make Karachi what it is now.
Ah yes, the deliberately vague lead-ons...
Why don't you tell us your premise instead of going around on a wild goose chase?
It has been already said in the article and by me, if only you lot would actually read before going GA GA over liberal fascism. Off course it's volunteer army, that's why it's heavily skewed, because Punjabi Muslims have been historically enrolling themselves to the army.
Again, the linked article goes in depth about the disparity in the income tax regime. The author seems to think that tax revenue reflects productivity or GDP. The article explains why that is a misleading yardstick in Pakistan, given all the tax exemptions in place.
GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports − imports)
Well I'm at loss here, what GDP has to with it? Whatever Pakistani Govt spends on military has to come from the revenue generated by tax,and 50% of it comes from Karachi. Where is the confusion? It only shows unusual concentration of wealth around Karachi.
