Lol it is really an academic mistake to quote "SERAT DARMOGANDUL" because it is fictitious, its validity is not recognized. majapahit era weapons were indeed imported from china (mongol), after all the gunpowder technology really belongs to china which was then adopted majapahit and the iron was imported from khurasan
A type of cannon produced by the Majapahit Empire.
Type: Firearms
Name: CETBANG Ship Cannon
Era: Majapahit Kingdom, 14th century
Collection :
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART
1000 5th Avenue, New York, NY - USA
Cannon
Period: Majapahit period (1296–1520)
Date: ca. 14th century
Culture: Indonesia (Java)
Medium: Bronze
Dimensions: L. 37 7/16 in.
Classification: Metalwork
Credit Line: Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Lerner, in honor of Professor Samuel Eilenberg, 1986
Accession Number: 1986.503
Indonesia
The Javanese Majapahit Empire was arguably able to encompass much of the modern day ASEAN due to its unique mastery of bronze-smithing and use of a central arsenal fed by a large number of cottage industries within the immediate region. Documentary and archeological evidence indicate that Arab or Indian traders introduced gunpowder, gonnes, muskets, blunderbusses, and cannon to the Javanese, Acehnese, and Batak via long established commercial trade routes around the early to mid 14th century CE. Portuguese and Spanish invaders were unpleasantly surprised and occasionaly even outgunned on occasion. The resurgent Singhasari Empire overtook Sriwijaya and later emerged as the Majapahit whose warfare featured the use of fire-arms and cannonade. Circa 1540 CE the Javanese, always alert for new weapons found the newly arrived Portuguese weaponry superior to that of the locally made variants. Javanese bronze breech-loaded swivel-guns, known as meriam, or erroneously as lantaka, was used widely by the Majapahit navy as well as by pirates and rival lords. The demise of the Majapahit empire and the dispersal of disaffected skilled bronze cannon-smiths to Brunei, modern Sumatra, Malaysia and the Philippines lead to widespread use, especially in the Makassar Strait.
A Chinese pirate or commercial shipwreck site[where?] yeilded a paired swivel gun, for rapid firing: one barrel would fire whiles its opposite was being reloaded, though this remains a rare find. Other archeological finds have unearthed triple-barrel and double-barrel swivel-guns, though they were not widely duplicated.
Saltpetre harvesting was recorded by Dutch and German travelers as being common in even the smallest villages and was collected from the decomposition process of large dung hills specifically piled for the purpose. The Dutch punishment for possession of unpermitted gunpowder appears to have been amputation.[unreliable source?] Ownership and manufacture of gunpowder was later prohibited by the colonial Dutch occupiers. According to a colonel McKenzie quoted in Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, The History of Java (1817), the purest sulphur was supplied from a crater from a mountain near the straits of Bali.
Note:
The Majapahit marine fleet armed with CETBANG is highly respected by the Asian region. Consists of several sizes (1 meter to 3 meters), using low explosive high-fuel gun powder. This is different from the gunpowder found by China which is high explosive with high thrust.
Cr. To ownes
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