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Imran Khan and the myth of the 'Islamic Welfare State'

temujin

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I came across this video of Imran Khan in another thread on ‘Islamic Welfare State’ , a phrase that has recently entered the Pakistani political lexicon thanks largely to the efforts of the ex cricketer. From what I gather, much of IK’s electoral campaign hinges on the promise to establish such a system in Pakistan, along the lines of what ostensibly existed under Caliph Umar I.

YouTube

Towards the end of the video, IK makes the bold claim that the Western welfare model was essentially plagiarised from Islam and that the Swedes refer to their welfare system as ‘Umar’s law’ in recognition of the Caliph’s contribution to its creation.

Intrigued by the comments, I turned to good old Google to educate myself on this most remarkable achievement of early Islam that was all but lost to humanity but for the intervention of the Swedes and, latterly, IK himself.

To my astonishment, there appear to be very few references to ‘Umar’s law’ on the interweb which predate IK’s claims- in fact, there is one, essentially a rant by some half wit Arab on a Middle Eastern forum which, beyond inviting scorn and ridicule from his more sensible compatriots, does little to prove the existence of ‘Umar’s law’.

www.qatarliving.com/ node/ 506712 [...4;™: Swedish historian tells Imran Khan

More than the article itself, the accompanying reader’s comments reveal more about the motives and mindset that underlies PTI’s views on this matter. They suggest that this was not an isolated incident and many other PTI functionaries have repeatedly referred to 'Umar’s law' in public forums.

When an incensed reader contacted PTI’s top leadership to confront them about Imran’s comments, he received the following response from Arif Alvi, Secretary General, PTI-

Dr Arif Alvi's response to this article on the Socialist Pakistan News :

[two paragraphs excised]

...I think Khan meant it as an example of principles learned by modern societies through a chain of human intellect. I am not a scholar and I can understand when one 'socialist' states that he never heard of Umar's law. I will ask Mr Khan the context and origin of his claim.

Yours sincerely,

Dr Arif Alvi
Secretary General


Now I do not know how others would interpret this response but I would regard it as obfuscation and intellectual dishonesty. In the video, IK is heard making a specific claim about 'Omar's law' and is clearly not referring to a 'chain of human intellect' or whatever. Also note how Dr Alvi attacks Dr Blomqvist for being a 'socialist' whilst simultaneously laying claim to the welfare system, which is largely rooted in socialist and humanist values- ah, the irony...

There are several other articles examining Imran’s claims and videos of him repeating the myth about Umar’s law in Scandinavia.

Imran Khan Press Conference at the joining of Mufti Abdul Qavi (June 27, 2012) - YouTube
7 mins in

However, most of these articles are from blogs or forum discussions and mainstream Pakistani media appears to have ignored this issue altogether.

Story behind Imran Khan’s “Omar’s Law” – by Maisam Ali

Is Omar's law really unkown in Sweden? « PKPolitics Discuss

Still keen on giving IK the benefit of the doubt, I decided to cast the net wider and research the concept of the ‘Islamic Welfare State’ that we hear IK talking about so often with such passion. Once again, there are only two references to IWS in the whole of the Anglophone interweb, with one directly dealing with it turning out to be the handiwork of a certain Pakistani ‘Islamic Socialist’ who, through examination of Umar’s occasional acts of generosity in isolation from his authoritarian traits and appalling record on treatment of minorities, seeks to disingenuously argue that his reign somehow constituted a ‘welfare state’.

Given there is so little empirical evidence or scholarly opinion to support the existence of an ‘Islamic Welfare state’ in early Islam, there could be two possible explanations for IK’s bizarre comment about ‘Umar’s law’

1) It was a gaffe- IK was told this fable by some bearded clergy or read it in a madrassa leaflet and chose to parrot it in public without seeing the need to verify it. An innocent mistake but one that is nevertheless emblematic of the sort of self serving group think that pervades Muslim societies.

2) Given that IK is not your average semi literate politician and would be taking advise on things that form the basis of his electoral campaign, a more cynical mind might conclude that this is an attempt by IK and his party to concoct the myth of an ‘Islamic Welfare State’ in a bid to appeal to both liberal and reactionary segments of the Pakistani electorate, to confer a degree of divine legitimacy to his policies, to deliberately create a sense of continuity between the perceived glory of early Islam and IK’s promise of restoring it as well as cast IK himself in the image of the ‘benevolent strongman’- ‘the new age Caliph’

Now that democracy has been claimed for Islam- once again the Caliphs feature heavily in this argument, despite the fact that Muslims continue to fight and kill each other over a disputed Caliphate succession almost 1400 year ago- it would appea that IK and his ilk want to restore the welfare state to its rightful place among the long list of purported achievements of Early Islam. but this claim is particularly insidious since even a cursory reading of accounts from Umar’s 10 year reign as Caliph by neutral sources reveal that despite leading a frugal life and being described as just and fair, Umar would only appear to compares favourably to some of his contemporaries due to the latter’s extreme cruelty and indulgence rather than his own merit.

Since Islam was in its initial phase of consolidation at the time, many of Umar’s celebrated acts of generosity as caliph were in response to adverse events such as famine or war in his dominion. He did discourage disproportionate accrual of wealth but his views in this respect were shaped not just by faith but politically motivated in equal measure. Beyond his occasional kindness, Umar is known to have been authoritarian and also holds the dubious distinction of introducing systematic persecution on minorities in Islam, which endures to this day, through the ‘Covenant of Umar’.

In other words, there is no evidence to suggest that Umar was a socially enlightened individual who deliberately set out to establish a ‘Welfare state’ since many of actions which give this impression were influenced by his early experiences of persecution as well as the prevailing socio-economic context and, in any case, his reign was followed in short order by the Ummayyads who, as Muslims themselves will agree, were not renowned for their kindness or tolerance to their subjects.

I also find it baffling that IK has seen fit to follow the example of Umar, with his appalling record of persecuting minorities, when one of the stated aims of IK's campaign is to ensure fairness and equality for all minorities in Pakistan within 90 days or some such.

I suppose all this raises questions on the credibility of IK’s campaign and his ability to govern the country competently if elected. Knocking out a populist agenda would be the easiest part of fighting an election in a crisis ridden country like Pakistan (or India, for that matter). I am sure a quick read of the morning papers would allow anyone in the subcontinent to identify 10 things that they would like to immediately change about their country. I am sure IK realises this and is equally aware that being a party of protest would only get PTI so far. Given the fractured nature of the electorate and the tension between conservative and liberal elements in the country, IK realises that his campaign needs more broad based appeal and he may be concerned his inexperience, as well as the scale of the challenge that would confront him if elected, could potentially create a credibility gap in people’s minds about his party’s ability to deliver on its populist manifesto within the specified time frame.

By inventing the notion of an Islamic welfare state IK has, in a political masterstroke, couched his manifesto, which is highly ambitious but short on detail, in religious terms therefore placing it beyond criticism from opponents- since doing so would entail challenging the very foundations of Islam- as well as pander to both the clergy and liberals within Pakistani society.

For reasons that are beyond the scope of this thread, Islamic nations have historically enjoyed more than their fair share of autocratic regimes based on personality cults (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Jordan, Libya, Egypt etc etc) where the consequent lack of proper institutions leads to ‘infantilised societies’ with the associated tendency to place unquestioning faith in ‘leaders’ to solve country’s problems. Assuming that comments on this forum represent popular sentiment among the educated classes in Pakistan, I suspect we are seeing the emergence of an IK personality cult which, if left, unchallenged could have unpleasant consequences for Pakistan.

Having skim read his manifesto, I have to stress that IK stated objectives appear to be honourable but he has to come clean over this ‘Islamic Welfare System’ lark since basing his whole campaign, however well intentioned it might be, on a pack of lies does not reflect well on IK’s integrity and judgement and would render IK guilty of exactly the same things he accuses his opponents of.
 
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more poop from ******** poop factory and their traitor slaves in pakistan......
 
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I did not read every thing u wrote. Just want to tell u about scandinavian counrties law and i also live here. Born here studied in Pakistan. Its no dout at all that welfare concept in scandinavian countries is same as islamic welfare laws. I dont know if it was build on islamic studies or not but among ANY muslim from ANY country its said that if scandinavians stops eating pork , drinking , parties and having s*x outside marrige etc they will be more muslim than any other muslim or islamic country
 
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read your whole post. very interesting although i dont agree with all of it for obvious reasons. actually i am currently working on an article for my blog which will specify the concept of 'islamic welfare state' based on the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) teachings. This one reason why i found ur post very interesting as u have tried to cover so many things in one post and especially for introducing me to the term 'Omar's law' which i had never heard of.

there are two technical difference which i have with your line of argument. Firstly, although that the term 'islamic welfare state' never existed, however, the absence of the term itself does not imply that the principles underlying such a state were absent. To study such principles, the best source is not the Orientalist writers but the prophetic teachings concerning the economic governance of the state exercised by the earliest islamic empire. Most of these have been compiled in the Hadith literature, rather than in the history books, by the early muslim scholars and is considered second only to Quran.

see, for example, the second part of the Volume 3 of Sahih Bukhari: Sahih Bukhari : Book of "Sales and Trade"
and also Book number 21, 22, 23, 24 and others of Sahih Muslim: Sahih Muslim - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (??? ???? ???? ? ???)
and book 17, 18 of Abu Dawud: Abu Dawud

these are just few to give u an idea.

secondly, there is also another characteristic of early practising muslims which was a part of their thinking process and greatly explains their actions. And this was 'Asceticism' and the dislike for hoarding wealth which will not be of any benefit in the Hereafter (Judgement Day) but they will rather be held accountable for it by Allah on the Judgement Day. For example, the prophet said about one of his companions that he will crawl on his knees and arms into the paradise because of his wealth. basically wat this meant was that because of his large wealth he will have to give accounts for everything which Allah had given him in this worldly life and thus it will take him longer than others before he is allowed to enter paradise. Now it was this deeply embedded idea of accountability infront of Allah which lead to frequent generosity on part of early muslims (companions of the prophet), amongst whom were also the first four Caliphs of Islam.

This obviously had political advantages but it was the consequence of their personal characteristics. And as time passed and these characteristics faded away, we find more and more hoarding of wealth at the top. The problem with the Orientalists is their ignoring these personal characteristics which deeply influenced their behaviour. Instead Orientalists very often look at everything from their lenz of one time-period scenario in which the 'next world' does not exist and thus implicitly assuming that every action must have been motivated by its consequence in this world. In every Orientalist writing i have gone through, i have always found them struggling in acknowledging this fact partly due to the frame of mind they have evolved over their learning curve.

Coming back to the Islamic welfare state argument.. i am inclined to believe that while there are similarities between the principles underlying the earliest islamic empire and the welfare model of Scandinavian countries, they are not similar. There are several distinct differences between the two with respect to how much the underlying economic mechanism be market based and how should government intervene is keeping the distribution of wealth justifiable. Wat i have understood so far from the Hadith literature is that the islamic model is extremely market based such that government is not allowed to intervene in the form of minimum or maximum support prices for crops etc or through minimum wages for the workers. All the wealth distribution takes place from the lump-sum transfers from rich to poor in the form of education, health and other social expenditure after the market has reached an equilibrium (hypothetically). Similarly, transactions which involve risk transfer from one person to the other without any aggregate increase in return (eg. Options) is considered similar to gambling and thus discouraged. Nationalization of private property is not allowed and similarly privatization of public property such as natural resources, dams etc is discouraged. In short state has no role in running businesses and furthermore state run businesses (which are public goods) should not be profit oriented.

one can see that the goals are very much the same but the specifics are often contradictory.

as far as IK is concerned, I dont really think he knows the exact difference between a modern welfare state and an islamic welfare state. although he does believe that there is something as 'islamic welfare state' which is different from the modern welfare state.
 
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I did not read every thing u wrote. Just want to tell u about scandinavian counrties law and i also live here. Born here studied in Pakistan. Its no dout at all that welfare concept in scandinavian countries is same as islamic welfare laws. I dont know if it was build on islamic studies or not but among ANY muslim from ANY country its said that if scandinavians stops eating pork , drinking , parties and having s*x outside marrige etc they will be more muslim than any other muslim or islamic country

Imran Khan should have clarified himself, if he meant they use a system which is most like the Islamic Welfare system then yeah he would be right but if he meant they got the Idea from Muslims then he is wrong. What is more likely is that they just happened to adopt a system which was similar to the one Muslims had back in the day through their own various experiences and not so shockingly it actually works for them so more power to them. Now when it comes to Pakistan this system would only succeed if everyone was willing to pay their taxes or the government cannot provide all these benefits.
 
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Digging deeper I have learned that Imran Khan draws a large part of his "welfare" inspiration from Ottoman which could only be sustained by genocide and loot. Imran is an idiotic celebrity sensation who will leave many embarrassed and bankrupt after their first election run.
 
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read your whole post.

snip...

as far as IK is concerned, I dont really think he knows the exact difference between a modern welfare state and an islamic welfare state. although he does believe that there is something as 'islamic welfare state' which is different from the modern welfare state.

AJP, Thank you for your kind comments. I am sorry I couldn`t respond earlier due to work etc. I appreciate the links you provided in your post to illustrate what you regard as an early Islamic welfare state. Although I haven`t read all of them, I think I have read enough to grasp the thrust of your argument- although I found most of the passages cited at the link relate to ethical conduct in trade and business and do not pertain to a ‘welfare model’ per se, they nevertheless include directives, such as redistribution of wealth, that could be interpreted as constituting elements of a putative welfare state.

It is beyond dispute that many aspects of early Islamic social policy could be regarded as revolutionary, but this has to be viewed in the context of endeavours by early Muslim leaders to establish a shared Arab identity and sense of purpose beyond narrow tribal allegiances that existed at the time. Most pagan Arab tribes had spent centuries preceding Islam in bitter conflict with each other, often as hired guns for competing Roman and Jewish interests in Arabia and any socio-religious movement seeking to unite them would have found it necessary to advocate a version of ‘Arab egalitarianism’ in order to broaden its appeal. The fact this reformist agenda was quickly forgotten once Islam spread beyond Arabia and non Arabs started entering the fold suggests that there might have been an of element of opportunism behind the apparent benevolence and magnanimity of the early caliphs.

As noted in your post, much of the source you linked to is based on the hadiths and, despite your assertions to the contrary, the provenance of even Bukhari and Muslim is still subject to some dispute in scholarly circles since both were compiled from oral sources many centuries after the death of Mohammed. The early caliphs were notorious for including passages in the hadiths that endorsed their actions and many contemporary Muslims, for instance Shias, do not consider Bukhari or Muslim as credible sources.

Given the above, I personally would maintain a degree of healthy scepticism when drawing any broad inferences from the hadiths in relation to the existence of a welfare system in Early Islam.

Even if one were to consider the best case scenario i.e. the hadiths are incorruptible and contain an accurate record of the words and actions of Mohammed, the fundamental differences between the quasi socialist model described in them and the contemporary Western welfare state remain. Firstly, the former is exclusionist i.e. it sought to benefit only the Muslims often to the detriment of others, it involved an element of coercion in that the rich were often forced to cede assets to the less fortunate on pain of death or ostracisation and, more importantly, such policies were driven by religious or political motives as opposed to the modern welfare state founded primarily on secular humanist values which emphasises participation, fairness and inclusiveness.

I think the difference between you, AJP, and Imran Khan is that you are attempting to make a more nuanced argument to demonstrate compatibility between Islam and a modern welfare state, many aspects of which would be perceived as intuitively un Islamic by more conservative Muslims, whereas IK is laying claim to the Western Welfare system as a working Islamic model, which is patently wrong, thereby implying that it could be immediately implemented in Pakistan if he were to be elected and, worse still, fabricating falsehoods such as ‘Omar’s Law’ to bolster his claims.

I am rather surprised none of the IK fan boys on this forum have commented on this thread (apart from the odd ‘I heard it down the pub’ ones on how Muslim and Scandinavians are so much alike) but I hope they accept after reading this thread and watching the videos that their messiah should no longer be allowed to avoid scrutiny of his policies by resorting to empty religious rhetoric and lies..
 
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@temujin Redistribution of Wealth is fundamental part of Abrahamic religions - In Islam we call it Zakat (in Judaism it's called Tzedakah) which is giving due share of needy people from income and it's mandatory - In Quran you will see relaxation for other obligations i.e. Prayer, Hajj & Fasting etc. given under certain circumstances but there is no relaxation for Zakat. However, that's separate issue that we Muslim have found lot of excuses to escape from this obligation.
 
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@temujin now worries about the late reply. its a time consuming job to post in threads like these.

now keeping aside the political aspect which is very much subjective and depends on how one would like to see it.

about the hadith literature, there is consensus on its validity (see later). the scholarly debate which u r mentioning is not scholarly debate but a view point of one very tiny sect which, in their attempt to highlight the superiority of Quran, ended up undermining hadith. Anyways they have been refuted many times and by majority of muslim scholar.

The hadtih text was not written many years later as it is believed by some. the work started in the time of the prophet, peace be upon him and his family, when he started sending his companions to different regions to teach islam. later when the books of hadith were compiled it was not purely from oral tradition as written pieces of hadith work were available with the scholars. There is long list of key peoples who had established semi-formal institutions where they taught the knowledge of hadith and jurisprudence. And it is through the chain of these semi-formal institutions that the scholars were created who later compiled hadith into the 6 most famous hadith books in Sunni Islam. Also, a point to note is understanding the authenticity of oral tradition in an oral society. Now living 1400 years later, it is difficult for us to comprehend how an oral society might have worked.

Also most of these scholars had no link with the government and were instead prosecuted by the rulers at on time or the other. eg. Imam Abu Hanifa (Hanafi school), Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Hanbali school), Imam Bukhari and others. Similarly, the family of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq had suffered most persecution. he is also considered to be the Imam of Sunni Imams (Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik). This it is highly unlikely that the rulers could have influenced the text of hadith work. Also no one adheres to belief that hadith are incorruptible and thatt is only considered to be the case for Quran. Infact, as u might already know, there is extensive knowledge of 'chain of narrators' and detailed documentation of each one those narrators. and it is the analysis of each one of the narrators in the whole chain of narrators of any one hadith which determines the grading of the hadith - gradings are: beyond doubt, closer, weak and fabricated. and it is this grading on the basis of which the whole islamic jurisprudence is based.

I guess we have gone off topic. anyway...

I think the difference between you, AJP, and Imran Khan is that you are attempting to make a more nuanced argument to demonstrate compatibility between Islam and a modern welfare state,

u have misunderstood me. i am in no mood to show the compatibility between Islam and a modern welfare state. Infact my whole point was to express their difference in the language of modern economics. At the same time, it would be intellectual dishonesty on my part if i refute everything which is followed by west or the east today under the pretext of Islam. Economic principles have always existed and it is only their theoretical foundations which have been more recently established. therefore, it would be incorrect to say that the principles themselves were not practiced before even if the theoretical foundation was missing. In short, my only intention is to lay down the principles as followed by the earliest muslim empire irrespective of their consistency or inconsistency with regards to what is followed by the West or the East today.

Btw i have completed the article. have a look and ull get an idea. http://www.defence.pk/forums/social-issues-current-events/246965-pillars-islamic-welfare-state.html
 
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Islamic Welfare State Imran Khan and PTI lies one more, can never be able to do it in Pakistan.
 
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