actually the war in iraq provided with a lot of input in the construction of the Type99, they saw how the soviet tanks was wasted with western air and armor, while it was not necessarily designed to take on the M1 one on one the M1 was one the of considerations
What they learn't is that the americans tend to move further with stronger logistics and a harder punch. The soviets mobilized much slower but it was a "heavier" war machine. They, the PLA learnt the armor on the T series was not suffiecent. A normal RPG or even LAW could kill the crew and best case scienerio, knock the tank out. Which was too far absurd.
also the air combat is dealt with by the air-force and sams in place, china is not iraq flying into china is not a cakewalk.
At the time Iraq had one of the most heavily concentrated air defence systems. Yet they lost to the new Eagles and today to the SuperHornets. Mind you during the first gulf war, Iraq had more technology than even the PLA, exept the invovative training.
Now today, the PLA is more heavily armed but the USAF has its first squadron of Raptors. During the gulf war, you only saw a fraction of what the US was capable of. They could easily pull off 10 more Irags with the same goals as the first gulf war.
but it is generally agreed that M1A1 are better than the t90 one on one always thus any tank that can defeat the M1 will have a good change against the Russian tanks. also i think the heat problem is solved with better air conditioning
You have multiple methods. The Soviets first, did not intend for their tanks to fight american armor but to slow them down where needed. The American thrust would be stopped with ATGM and artillery. T series where never intended to fight such tanks, but rather provide the Red Army with mobile artillery for bunkers.
IF you want to defeat the T series, you can easily wipe the floor with them by using ATGM which are diffucult to seek and dystroy, being man portable etc...But that does not mean you don't need armor altogether.
What the Chinese did, was made the T series more survivable just like the new T-90. However, I don't care to know which tank is better. They both have their advantages and the T-90 is light enough to transport on the illusions.
I don't think the Chinese could have built a heavy MBT with the military embargo. Even if they did, it would require a complete overhual, and the PLA has a lot more infastructure than the IA spread out.
So whats allows expensive, isnt always convienent.
also i think the heat problem is solved with better air conditioning
Try finding a reliable AC small enough to fit a T-72 with out cramping the crew anymore. Its difficulte. The T series dont have much room on the inside as the PLA is aware.