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CIVILIZATION
South Asia is made up of many regions, cultures, languages, nations and civilizations. Since rivers can sustain clusters of large populations, early man formed the first civilizations around rivers. Examples include: Huang He (Yangtze River), Mesapotamia (Euphrates/Tigris) , Egypt (River Nile) and Pakistani’s very own Indus Valley Civilization (Indus River).
Modern Pakistanis take immense pride in the fact they are descendants of the civilization that formed around the River Indus. The Indus river flows entirely through modern-day Pakistan, Kashmir and Tibet. The Indus Valley Civilization was located primarily (95%) in modern day Pakistan. The Indus binds together the 6 regions of Pakistan: Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir, Khyber-P, Gilgit-Baltistan.
PEOPLE OF THE INDUS RIVER – PAKISTAN (Baluchistan, Punjab, KP, Kashmir, Sindh). The Indus basically mimics the shape of modern day Pakistan
On the other hand, the Gangetic civilization of India is formed around the Ganges river which flows away from the Indus and terminates in the Bengal delta. It is entirely in Peninsular India and Bengal. Ancient geographers recognised the boundary of Hind to be EAST OF THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM. The Indus River System has nothing to do with Hind; it only defines Hind as a land on the other side of the Indus System. In Latin, Hind would be defined as a trans-Indus land.
PRE-HISTORY
India and Pakistan have been under ‘unified’ rule for only 500 out of 10,000 years and that too under mostly Islamic or Buddhist rule. Whether as Muslim, Vedic, Buddhist or Hindu, Pakistan or the people of Indus were rarely part of “Indian” civilization. Mehrgarh one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology, lies on the “Kachi plain” of Balochistan, Pakistan. Baluchistan is not considered “India” by any standard. Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in not only South Asia but the whole world.
RACE
While the racial features of each ethnic group are not uniform, Pashtuns are the most Caucasoid, followed by Kashmiris, Baluchis, north Punjabis, and then Sindhis, Seraikis, Urdu-speakers (Not of Afghan, Turkic, Persian, Arab origin). The Australoid-Negroid and Mongoloid racial elements are quite infused within the dominant Caucasoid genes among Pakistanis, however there are some that have retained their distinct racial characteristics. The Australoid-Dravidian racial element dominates among the lower caste Indians, South Indians, Eastern and Central Indians. The Caucasoid racial element dominates in Northwest Indians and higher caste Indians. The Mongoloid racial element dominates in Northeast Indians and border regions with China.
Indian are majority Proto-Australoids, Australoid-Negroid, Dravidians as seen by the excited young fans in India above.
35 Million Pakistanis are Pushtun which is the biggest population of Pushtuns in the world. As you can see this ordinary man in Karachi streets looks different.
India hosts the world’s largest population of Proto-Australoids. The Austrics of India represent a race of medium height, dark complexion with long heads and rather flat noses. Miscegenation with the earlier Negroids may be the reason for the dark or black pigmentation of the skin and flat noses. The Austrics laid the foundation of Indian civilization. They cultivated rice and vegetables and made sugar from sugarcane. Now these people are found primarily in three countries: India, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Their languages have survived only in the Central and Eastern India.
Australoid/Negroids in India, Australia and Papua New Guinea.
ETHNICITY
A significant portion of Pakistani population is Afghan/Pashtun and Irani/Baluchistanis. The Pashtun are an integral part of Pakistan’s establishment. It can be said there are two Pashtun countries in the world, Afghanistan and Pakistan. This ethnic group has contributed many of Pakistan’s presidents & prime ministers (Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zafarullah Khan, Liaqat Ali Khan, Feroz Khan). There are more Pashtuns in Pakistan than Afghanistan and more in Karachi than Kabul. There are 15 Million Pushtun Speakers in Afghanistan and 25 Million in Pakistan! India does not have Pushtun speakers. Interestingly, this group has also inflicted defeat after defeat on what is now republic of India and can never be seriously considered “Indian”. People of Iranian ancestry have taken up leadership positions include Benazir Bhutto and the current prime minister Gilani who visited his ancestral homes on a trip to Iran. Arabs settled along the Indus and Omanis settled in the enclave of Gwadar. Still other Pakistanis are descendants of Mongols, Mughals and Turks in addition to Persians, Sakas, Parthians, Hephthalites and Greeks.
Pakistani Ethnicities; Another pull towards the Oxus and Central Asia
Pakistan’s ethnicity with an overlap with India due to Punjab’s partition.
LINGUISTICS
Pakistanis speaks exclusively Indo-Iranian or Indo-Aryan languages whereas much of India speaks Proto-Australoid languages. Balgir (2004) designates the following Indian tribes as Proto-Australoid racial group: Bhumiz,Gadaba, Juang, Kharia, Koda, Kolha, Mahali, Mirdha, Munda, Santal, Saora tribes.
Australoid racial stock is represented by: Gond, Kondh, Kissan, Oraon, Paraja, Pentia, Halva.
These Australoid tribes don’t exist in Pakistan proper.
Pakistan’s Iranic Ethnic Groups
The research by Kashyap (2006) designates 23 out of 54 Indian populations studied as Australoid, of which 1 speaks an Indo-European language (Dhangar of Maharashtra), 4 speak Austro-Asiatic languages (Kurmi of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar Kurmi of Bihar, and Juangand Saora of Orissa), 18 speak Dravidian languages. 7 populations were designated as Mongoloid, and the remaining 24 as Caucasoid.
About 99% of languages spoken in Pakistan are either Indo-Aryan or Indo-Iranian (sub-branches 75% Indo-Aryan 24% Iranian). All languages of Pakistan are written in the Persio-Arabic script, with significant vocabulary derived from Punjabi, Seraiki, Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu, Balochi, Kashmiri which are the languages of Pakistan.
Indian languages, 69% of languages spoken in India are Indo-Aryan, 26% are Dravidian, and 5% are Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic, All unrelated/distinct family of languages. Most languages in India are written in Brahmi derived scripts such as Devangari, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi, Naga, and many others are the mother-tongue languages spoken in each of India’s states.
Pakistanis mainly speak Indo-Iranic languages. Indo-Iranic languages include Balochi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Undri (Urdu) and Pashto are Indo-Iranic languages as are all the other languages of Pakistan which descend from a common proto-Indo-Iranic language around the second millennia BC. Only Brahui (Dravidian), Baltistani (Sino-Tibetian), and Burusho (language isolate) are non-Indo-Iranic, however it’s speakers are not that geneticly distinct form the rest of Pakistanis. Punjabi is the majority language of Pakistan. Punjabi is 2% of India. In the case of Urdu/Hindi, while Hindi is the mother- tongue of a majority in India, Urdu is the mother-tongue of a minority 8% Pakistanis.
Urdu uses the persian-based script. Hindi uses Devangari script. Urdu continues to be Pakistan’s official language but has undergone considerable changes over the years acquiring a particularly ‘Pakistani flavour’ with the incorporation of more and more grammar and prose from Pakistan’s many indigenous languages (e.g. Pashto, Panjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri etc.)
Hindi – (Indian) – These letters are foreign to every Pakistani.
Urdu (Pakistan)
You may have heard that Urdu is the same as Hindi or something coinded “Hindustani” by Gandhi. This denigrates Urdu to have no uniqueness, beauty, history and culture of its own! A simple comparison of true Hindi as spoken in very few Indian movies and Urdu spoken in Pakistani News will demonstrate their differences.
More on the difference between Urdu and Hindi: Do you speak real URDU or HINDI? | Reformistan.
Here is a sample of Persian and Turkish words in Urdu/Pakistani Language:
PERSIAN – biriyani, kabob, khaki, kurta, lashkar, Naan (nayan – baluchi), pyjama, gulab, somosa, baksheesh, taj, mahal, stan, taftan, tandoori, baaluchi, baalcony, bas, bazaar, bazigar, begaar, beige, bronze, bulbul, bukshi, bund, bundobust, burka, kharbuz — pronounced “kurbooja” in Hindi, karawan, chador, chakdar, charpayee, shachtrunj, chanaar, khush, daftar, darzi, darvesh, dastur, ashturee, doab, durbar, durwan, dustak, inam, farsi, fauj, fauji, feringhee, fida, gul, khana, halal, hawala, jagir, jama, asmin, jamaat, jujube, khidmat, khoja, mazdur, mehman, mehmandar, mirza, mughul, mussulman, namaz, naran (orange), pasha, pakistan, paak, parah, pasha, pashm, pashmina, pashto, purri (fairy), pilaf, pista, parwannah, rung, rukh, roshun, sabzi, samosa (sambusa), sandal, sard, sarwan, scimitar, seer (unit of weight), sheer, sarray, bandar (port), shah, shahi, shaheen, shahzada, shamiayana, shawl, shiraz, shikaar (pronounced sikar in hindi) ,shikaari, shikast, shikasta, sipahi, sirkaar, sekonji, subah, shukkar, surma, thana, dulband, band, toafaan, wazir, zameen, zenana
*Pakistani national anthem was written in Farsi by a Pakistani Hindu.
TURKISH – acab / ajab, adaalat, aadam, ahısta ahısta, akl / akal, aks, ananas, asli / asal, aşik / aashik, avara, aavaz, aurat, aaina, aazad, badem, barood, canam / janaam, javab, çaku / chaku, çat / chatt, çay / chai, dard, dost, diwar, dukan, duniya, durbin, duşman / dushman, acnabi / ajanabi, adab, agar, albatta, fakir, , gumgurur, gunah, hava, hafta, hazier, halwa, hesap, ancir / anjeer, insan, harbuz / kharboze, kalam, kaatil, ki, kitab, khima, kofta, manzara, masum, musafir, maidan, mohabbat, mum, musibat, anar, nafrat, bazu, pehelvan, paynir, pulaw, roh / rooh, sabun, , sade, , saaf, sahil, , sabzi, sırf, şarab / sharab, şakar / shakkar, şaytan / shaytaan, şikayet / shikayet, şiş kebap, şişa / shisha, tava, taze / taaza, top, urdu, vatan, yani, yar, zalim, zancir / zanjeer
GENETICS
The Pakistani population consists of mostly Indo-Aryans. Pakistanis are 70% Caucasoid, 20% Australoid- Negroid, and 10% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition. Indians are 50% Australoid-Negroid by race, 35% Caucasoid, and 15% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition.
Pakistanis carry common R1A genetic markers clearly indicating obvious common ancestry. Mostly the north western Iranic speakers and the Dardic speakers are said to be closely related with a higher frequency of R1A genetic markers as opposed to the Indo-Aryan speaking population with slightly lower R1A frequencies (mainly Punjabis and Sindhis), however they are still all connected. Even the non-Indo-European speaking populations – mainly the Brahuis, Hunzas (also called Burushos) and Baltistanis- do not stand much out genetically. See genetic difference below between Indians (Hindi, Marwari, Gujrati, Marathi, Kannada, Konkani) and Pakistanis (Balochi, Brahui,Makrani, Sindhi, Pathan, Kashmiri, Punjabi). Genetically, Pakistanis are closer to Bedouin than they are to Marathis. Click on the images below to see difference in genetics between Pakistanis and Indians:
Genetic Disposition of Central and South Asians. India in Green, Pakistani in Blue and Iran and Central Asia in Orange.
J variance in Iran, Pakistan, India, Turkey, and the Balkans Quintana-Murci et al. reported that the STR variance in haplogroup J is .57 in Iran, .47 in Pakistan, .36 in India. For this particular variance, Pakistan is closer to Iran than India or rather in the middle. On the same loci, the STR variance derived from the Balkan data of Bosch et al. is 0.55.
The Genetic Difference
At K=7, a Southwest Asian component emerges which is highest in Arabia and East Africa. Another interesting aspect of its distribution is its presence in Pakistan but not India. Perhaps, in this case, it reflects historical contacts between the Islamic Near East and parts of South Asia. Indians have a 1.8 NE/NW ratio. In Pakistan this is 6.5, in Uzbeks it is 2.9, and in the North Eurasian_Ra it is 14.2.
Genetic Map. Note Pakistani Category versus Indian Quadrant – Gujratis, Sri Lankans, Brahmins. Pakistan is close to Central Asia at grid point 0,0.
Notice Pakistani ethnic groups versus Indian ethnic groups
RELIGION
97% of PAKISTAN is ISLAMIC.
81% of INDIA or 972 million are HINDU.
It is important to note that Sub-continent Muslims and Sub-Continent Hindus are two distinct civilizations. Islam reached Pakistan, Bengal & India within decades of its inception in the 7th century through arab traders. Consider the fact that Islam did not reach Chechnya until the 15th century or large parts of Indonesia till the 16th century that one will get the importance of Pakistan to Islam and vice versa.
In 1937 at the 19th session of the Hindu Mahasabha held at Ahmedabad, Veer Savarkar in his presidential address asserted: “India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary there are two nations in the main — the Hindus and the Muslims.” Another influential Hindu, Bhai Parmanand points out in his pamphlet called “The Hindu National Movement”:—“In history the Hindus revere the memory of Prithvi Raj, Partap, Shivaji and, Beragi Bir, who fought for the honour and freedom of this land (against the Muslims), while the Mahomedans look upon the invaders of India, like Muhammad Bin Qasim and rulers like Aurangzeb as their national heroes”. Some of the first proponents of partition were Hindus.
In the religious field, the Hindus draw their inspiration from the Ramayan, the Mahabharat, and the Geeta. The Musalmans, on the other hand, derive their inspiration from the Quran and the Hadith. Thus, the things that divide are far more vital than the things which unite. In depending upon certain common features of Hindu and Muslim social life, in relying upon common language, common race and common country, the Indian is mistaking what is accidental and superficial for what is essential and fundamental. Muslims and Hindus have different diet. Hindus revere the cow, Muslims butcher them for their meat and hide. In Hinduism, society is highly stratified. In Islam, “untouchables” converts are welcomed as equals. In much of India, Muslims live in what are called “Muslim areas” a euphemism for ghettos. As noted by Bhai Parmanand, Heroes of Muslims are scoundrels s to Hindus (Augranzeb, Babur, Afzal Khan, Ghazni, Ghauri). Heroes of Hindus are scoundrels to Muslims (Shivaji, Sambajhi). The two differ in perceptions. Hindus see Muslims as disloyal progeny of half-breeds, forced-converts, former untouchables or foreign invaders. Muslims see themselves as Central Asians or Inspired Converts and former masters of western, central & southern asia. Muslims in South Asia have many cultural similarities and by extension dissimilarities from Hindus. Many Indian Muslims though certainly not all may have appearances of Central Asians & Arabs especially in urban centers.
PAKISTAN – THE HISTORIC STAGING AREA – FOR INVASIONS OF HIND (India).
The great Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Sind. Sher Shah Suri was born in Multan. Ayub Khan emir of Afghanistan and destroyer of Anglo/Indian army is buried in Peshawar a hero to both countries. His grandson fought for Pakistan leading a division of tanks in 1965. Mahmud of Ghazna presided over Afghania and Pakistan invaded Hind proper. These ethnic groups that make up the Indus nation of Pakistan inflicted defeat after defeat on what is northern and peninsular india. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years.
Pakistan part of ancient Khosaran – The land east of Indus Rivers is considered “Hindustan”.
Afridis then (as depicted by Anglo-Indians)
Afridis now (in Pak Colors)
DRESS
Pakistanis overwhelmingly wear Shalwar-Qameez. Shalwar is a persian word wrongly pronounced by Indians as “Salwar”. Qameez is an Arabic word. In India, Saris are much more popular even though the origin of the Sari is dated to Pakistan’s Indus civilization. Sari are also not preferred due to the exposed midriff. Pakistani men wear the Peshawari Chappal, sometimes even with jeans. These durable shoes can last for ten years. Lungees are worn in India even by government officials, In Pakistan, Lungis are not worn much. In India, the traditional style of dress for men is the dhoti or lungi. This is a long white sheet of cloth and men will wear a shirt or t-shirt over it. The draped sari is generally considered to be one of the most popular forms of traditional Indian dress for women. They can be made out of a range of different fabrics, although silk saris still reign as the most elegant choice. The sari is usually worn over a blouse, by girls and women of all ages
GEOGRAPHY
The republic of India is in its entirety located in South Asia. Pakistani is situated at a pivotal geo-strategic, cross-civilizational location. It sits at the intersection of multiple civilizations. Pakistan is considered to be part of the Central Asia by UN. The country is considered to be part of the greater middle east. It is also part of South Asia. Pakistan is considered to be part of Central Asia both geographically and culturally. India is not. Central Asia consists of the following nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the following “territories”: Afghanistan, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia. Pakistan has several central asian “cultural capitals” like Peshawar. India does not. Pakistan is similar to Turkey in Eurasia. It is part of multiple strategic locations to the Central Asian STAN countries. India is not. Wakhan Corridor: In Afghanistan, with Tajikistan to the north, Pakistan to the south and China to the east, Khyber Pass: Between Afghanistan and the Pakistan Khunjerab Pass: Between Pakistan and China.
United Nations Designation of Middle & Greater Middle East
Pakistan considered Part of Western Asia – not India.
Pakistan Part of Greater Iran
Pakistan Part of Greater Iran – Iranian Map.
Pakistan is part of the “Greater Middle East”. India is not. In the UN map, Dark green in this map is “Middle East”. The G8 considers Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Algeria, Morrocco, Tunisia to be part of the “Greater Middle East”. Armenia, Azerbaijan and the former soviet republics are considered “the greater middle east” sometimes.
The Lowest Point of Pakistan (lower red) is higher than a Majority of India. Pakistan is on the same Longitude as Iran, Afghanistan & Central Asia. The map also points out the two separate rivers of the Indus (pink) and Ganges (black).
TOPOGRAPHY
Topography of the Indus and the Indian region has historically separated the two countries. Pakistan occupies the western region of the subcontinent and is based around the Indus Valley. It is separated from India proper by a historically impassable desert and by swamps in the south, leaving only northern Punjab, in the central part of the country, as a point of contact. A small portion of Punjab was partitioned to India. Pakistan is the major modern-day remnant of Muslim rule over medieval India. On the other hand, Historic Pakistan has been easily accessible to Afghanistan & Iran. Everyday thousands of Pakistanis and Afghans cross the border to visit their relatives.
Inhospitable Terrain between Historic Regions. Mangroves in the south, Desert in the middle, Karokaram in the north. Only Northern Punjab is easily accessible with the rest of partitioned Punjab. The northwestern provinces of british india have in common the Indus River.
To truly appreciate the inhospitable terrain on most of the Indo/Pak border a, satellite image at night demonstrates the absence of civilization right in middle of one of the most populated regions of the world.. See Bracket Below. It also shows Pakistan’s civilization nestle the Indus like it has for thousands of years.
FOREIGN RELATIONS
As independent nations, Pakistan and India have gone separately in their foreign relations.
In the Near, India, despite its pacifist pretensions, attacked and invaded the Portugese Colony of Goa. Conversely, Pakistan negotiated and purchased the Omani Colony of Gwadar. Pakistan negotiated an agreement with China on border territories, Conversely, India attempted the provocative forward policy. Pakistan is has an exemplary friendship with China and considers its friendship “higher than mountains deeper than oceans”. Conversely, India has had a war with China and considers it to be her #1 enemy. Pakistan supported and fought alongside of the Afghans against the Soviets. India was a staunch ally of the Soviets. Pakistan has not been war with any neighbor except India. India has been at war or conflict with Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka and has poor relations with Nepal, Bangladesh.
In the near-far, Pakistan has brotherly relations with a majority of the Islamic World and is a founding member of OIC (Organization of Islamic Countries). India does not enjoy the support of Muslim countries on the critical issue of Kashmir and is not allowed in the OIC even as a guest.
In the far, Pakistan has a history of friendship with USA. India has always been in the Soviet/Russian camp. Pakistan does not recognize Israel. Israel is an important strategic partner of India.
CULTURE
This map shows the long-standing cultural centers and frontiers of South Asia. Pakistani territory is distinct from Indian territory and India has many cultural centers or nations within.a
The society and culture of Pakistan comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, and Burusho communities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries’ cultures, such as the Turkic peoples, Persian, Arab, some parts of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
In ancient times, Pakistan was a major cultural hub. Many cultural practices and great monuments have been inherited from the time of the ancient rulers of the region. One of the greatest cultural influences was that of the Persian Empire, of which Pakistan was a part. In fact, the Pakistani satraps were at one time the richest and most productive of the massive Persian Empire. Other key influences include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and later, the relatively short-lived but influential British Empire. Pakistan has a cultural and ethnic background going back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 2800–1800 B.C., and was remarkable for its ordered cities, advanced sanitation, excellent roads, and uniquely structured society. Pakistan has been invaded many times in the past, and has been occupied and settled by many different peoples, each of whom have left their imprint on the current inhabitants of the country.
Some of the largest groups were the Proto-Indo-Aryans, of which Sindhis and Punjabis descend from and later Iranic peoples which the Baloch and Pashtuns descend from. Other less significant ones include the Greeks, Scythians, Persians, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Buddhists, and other Eurasian groups, up to and including the British, who left in the late 1940s. The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia. There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India, and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west
The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the main cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia.[1] There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west.
Most Pakistanis are mainly of Aryan heritage or have coexisted side by side along the Indus River for several thousand years, or both. However, over 60 years of integration, an even more distinctive “Pakistani” culture has sprung up, especially in the urban areas where many of the diverse ethnic groups have coexisted and ithe country now having a literacy rate of 55%, up from 3% at the time of independence. Traditional family values are highly respected and considered sacred, although urban families increasingly form nuclear families, owing to socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional culture of the extended family. The past few decades have seen emergence of a middle class in cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, Sialkot, Abbottabad, and Multan. Rural areas of Pakistan are regarded as more conservative, and are dominated by regional tribal customs dating back hundreds if not thousands of years.
CUISINE
Pakistani cuisine relies heavily on meat, especially red meat. Indian food relies more on vegetable dishes as the cow is revered. Indians use more mustard seeds, curry leaves, and hinge. Hinge is disliked in Pakistan for its strong smell. Pakistan’s specializations are haleem, balti, beef nihari, chappli kabab, other shared dishes like biriyani and pullao are also originally from Central Asia.
Cuisine is regional not national. The foods of the various Northern Pakistan ethnic groups are not similar to Indian food so much, and overlap more with Afghan and Central Asian cuisines. There are places in Pakistan near to China where the people eat home made flat noodle broth soups with shredded meat and fresh herb garnish like “dodo” in Hunza and Gilgit. Even within Punjab, there are differences. Sikh and Hindu Punjabis eat a lot more paneer and paneer-based dishes are unknown in Pakistan.
While there are similarities to North Indian cuisine due to central asia’s influence/domination of India, South Indian cusine is completely different. Dishes such as : kevar kalli, idli, sambar, vadai, rasam, dosa, thayir sadam (yogurt rice), thayir vadai (yogurt-soaked fritters), kootu (vegetables in wet style), poriyal/kari (vegetables in dry style), murukku,uthappam, idiappam, appalam is unknown to Pakistanis.
Food is not presented in this compartmentalized manner in all of Pakistan.
A very novel way of serving food on a plantain leaf in India.
Here are just a few list of highly popular regional Indian dishes but completely unknown to Pakistanis:
Lapsi
Bafla
Bhutte ki Khees
ThalipeethVada Pao
Modak
Xacuti
Bibinca
Prawn Balchao
Bisi Bele Bhat
Kesari Bath
Mysore Pak
Dharwand Pedha
Chiroti
Sadya Meal
AvialMalabar Parotha
Payasam
Irachi Stew
Apparn
Idli
Sambar
Rasam
Chettinad
Pongal
Appam
Bafauri
Kusli
Red Ant Chutney
Kadugu
Yerra
Vendakkai
Patchaddy
Zu
Chakwi
Mwkwhi
Muitru
Jadoh
Khiromohan
Rasabali
Chhenapodapitha
Dham
Dal-Baati_churma
Ker Sangaari
Lal Maas Gette
Jhangora
Momos
Gundruk
Maasor Tenga
Pitha
Thekua
Pua
Marua-ka-Roti
PHYSICAL FEATURES
A common international perception based on observance of physical features is that most Pakistanis are lighter skinned than most Indians. Most Pakistanis resemble the looks of peoples inhabiting on Pakistan’s western borders and beyond i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Turkmenistan. Many Pakistanis also resemble many Northwest Indians or higher caste Indians. However, those are a minority in India. Similarly, some Pakistanis resemble peoples of South India, lower caste Indians, Northeast India, etc. but they are a minority in Pakistan. Majority of Pakistanis have fair skin complexion and majority of Indian have dark complexion. Pakistanis have a Caucasoid skull type.
Map of World by member size
NORTHWEST INDUS and the DECCAN PENINSULA.
The people of the northwest have had a separate history from India. The great Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Sind. Sher Shah Suri was born in Multan. Ayub Khan emir of Afghanistan and destroyer of Anglo/Indian army is buried in Peshawar a hero to both countries. His grandson fought for Pakistan leading a division of tanks in 1965. These ethnic groups that make up the Indus nation of Pakistan inflicted defeat after defeat on what is northern and peninsular india. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years.
ECONOMIC
Pakistan is part of the Central Asian Economic Bloc of ECO because of its cultural, historical, geographical and socio-political links. India is not part of this bloc.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Republic of Azerbaijan
Islamic Republic of Iran
Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Turkey
Turkmenistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
Pakistan’s economic growth has also been different than India’s. Pakistan has held GDP growth edge for most of our history. It is only in the 2000′s that India GDP growth performed better than Pakistan.
GDP GROWTH
Click on thumbnails of ordinary people of Pakistan and India
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SCHOOL CHILDREN
Indian
Pakistani – The difference in complexion and shades of hair is quite obvious.
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FEMALE TROOPS
Indian Female Troops
Pakistani Female Pilots – Once again, complexion and features are visibly different.
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NATIONAL FEMALE SKIERS
Indian
Pakistani – The difference could not be more pronounced in both complexion and feature and similarities to central Asians.
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FEMALE FANS
Indian – Attractive ladies at a cricket match
Pakistani – Once again the female fans above have a classic South Indian, South Asian look whereas the Pakistani girls have features found all over in Pakistan.
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NURSES
Indian
Pakistani nurses. Indian girls above look very much like each other, their counterparts in Pakistan look different.
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WOMEN’S CRICKET TEAMS
Indian
Pakistani – Complexion and hair very much different
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FANS ABROAD
Indian – Even abroad, the difference is quite clear and no jersey or flags are needed to identify the two peoples from each other.
Pakistani
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FEMALE ATHLETES
Indian
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U-19 TEAMS
Indian
Pakistanis – Very obvious difference
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RETIRED CAPTAINS
Indian
Pakistani – the two gentlemen are highly accomplished but look like they are from two different parts of the world (in this case).
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FANS
Indian Fans
Pakistani Fans
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CAPTAINS
Indian Cricket Captain – A very typical Indian face. Compare features of Indian Astronaut below.
Pakistani Captain
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UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
Indian University Students
Pakistani University Students – These girls look very different from the graduates in India.
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ASTRONAUTS
Indian Astronaut
Pakistani Astronaut
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CERN SCIENTIST
Indian CERN Scientist
Pakistani CERN Scientist
Indian Women often have “frizzy” hair. This trait is rare in Pakistani women.
Ordinary punjabi girls with straight hair
Indian Prime Minister
Pakistani Prime Minister – Was on the People’s magazine of Most Beautiful People in the World.
Indian Squash Team
Pakistani Squash Team
Indian Students
Pakistani-American Students – A striking difference from Indian-Australian Students above. 1 may look similar to the Indian crowd above and 1 from Indian crowd may look like the majority in this picture. Overall the difference is quite obvious.
Pakistan is thought to be “formerly part of India” because of the British colonization. The Mughals conquered the various states in South Asia one by one. The British consolidated, for ease of administering (ruling) the conquered territories and set up an administrative unit called India. A country or administrative unit called India (or by any other name), comprising of the current territories of India, never existed in all known history.
During the British colonial rule, people of the Indian subcontinent (including those areas now in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Sri Lanka) had a common purpose and agenda, namely, freedom from British colonial rule. Such a oneness of purpose never before existed among the various peoples of the Indian subcontinent. Freedom from the British brought them together temporarily. Finally, in the middle of the 20th century (in the middle 1940s), the weakened-by-WWII British to end their rule over their empire. The oneness of purpose that evolved during the freedom struggle against the British held, with the one exception that most of the Muslim-majority regions in the north became a separate nation called Pakistan at the insistence of the Muslims. Much of the rest of the subcontinent hodgepodge became a country called “Republic of India”.
The modern republic of “India” is really territory conquered by central Asians and consolidated by the British empire. 560 principalities, states, nations or cultures were consolidated. The same can be said of Pakistan but it is united by religion (Islam), languages (Indo-Iranic), script (farsi), philosophy (TNT), civilization (Indus), cuisine (Mughalai). Each of Pakistan’s ethnic groups meet each other on the banks of the Indus. India is much more diverse amalgamation of states.
GEO-POLITICAL HISTORY
These are the facts:
“India” was never one country, culture, nation
Pakistani territory (Indus) has rarely been part of Peninsular India
IVC is ours. Case closed. Admin go ahead and put this one to bed. We don't indian lectures on OUR heritage.
South Asia is made up of many regions, cultures, languages, nations and civilizations. Since rivers can sustain clusters of large populations, early man formed the first civilizations around rivers. Examples include: Huang He (Yangtze River), Mesapotamia (Euphrates/Tigris) , Egypt (River Nile) and Pakistani’s very own Indus Valley Civilization (Indus River).
Modern Pakistanis take immense pride in the fact they are descendants of the civilization that formed around the River Indus. The Indus river flows entirely through modern-day Pakistan, Kashmir and Tibet. The Indus Valley Civilization was located primarily (95%) in modern day Pakistan. The Indus binds together the 6 regions of Pakistan: Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir, Khyber-P, Gilgit-Baltistan.
PEOPLE OF THE INDUS RIVER – PAKISTAN (Baluchistan, Punjab, KP, Kashmir, Sindh). The Indus basically mimics the shape of modern day Pakistan
On the other hand, the Gangetic civilization of India is formed around the Ganges river which flows away from the Indus and terminates in the Bengal delta. It is entirely in Peninsular India and Bengal. Ancient geographers recognised the boundary of Hind to be EAST OF THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM. The Indus River System has nothing to do with Hind; it only defines Hind as a land on the other side of the Indus System. In Latin, Hind would be defined as a trans-Indus land.
PRE-HISTORY
India and Pakistan have been under ‘unified’ rule for only 500 out of 10,000 years and that too under mostly Islamic or Buddhist rule. Whether as Muslim, Vedic, Buddhist or Hindu, Pakistan or the people of Indus were rarely part of “Indian” civilization. Mehrgarh one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology, lies on the “Kachi plain” of Balochistan, Pakistan. Baluchistan is not considered “India” by any standard. Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in not only South Asia but the whole world.
RACE
While the racial features of each ethnic group are not uniform, Pashtuns are the most Caucasoid, followed by Kashmiris, Baluchis, north Punjabis, and then Sindhis, Seraikis, Urdu-speakers (Not of Afghan, Turkic, Persian, Arab origin). The Australoid-Negroid and Mongoloid racial elements are quite infused within the dominant Caucasoid genes among Pakistanis, however there are some that have retained their distinct racial characteristics. The Australoid-Dravidian racial element dominates among the lower caste Indians, South Indians, Eastern and Central Indians. The Caucasoid racial element dominates in Northwest Indians and higher caste Indians. The Mongoloid racial element dominates in Northeast Indians and border regions with China.
Indian are majority Proto-Australoids, Australoid-Negroid, Dravidians as seen by the excited young fans in India above.
35 Million Pakistanis are Pushtun which is the biggest population of Pushtuns in the world. As you can see this ordinary man in Karachi streets looks different.
India hosts the world’s largest population of Proto-Australoids. The Austrics of India represent a race of medium height, dark complexion with long heads and rather flat noses. Miscegenation with the earlier Negroids may be the reason for the dark or black pigmentation of the skin and flat noses. The Austrics laid the foundation of Indian civilization. They cultivated rice and vegetables and made sugar from sugarcane. Now these people are found primarily in three countries: India, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Their languages have survived only in the Central and Eastern India.
Australoid/Negroids in India, Australia and Papua New Guinea.
ETHNICITY
A significant portion of Pakistani population is Afghan/Pashtun and Irani/Baluchistanis. The Pashtun are an integral part of Pakistan’s establishment. It can be said there are two Pashtun countries in the world, Afghanistan and Pakistan. This ethnic group has contributed many of Pakistan’s presidents & prime ministers (Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zafarullah Khan, Liaqat Ali Khan, Feroz Khan). There are more Pashtuns in Pakistan than Afghanistan and more in Karachi than Kabul. There are 15 Million Pushtun Speakers in Afghanistan and 25 Million in Pakistan! India does not have Pushtun speakers. Interestingly, this group has also inflicted defeat after defeat on what is now republic of India and can never be seriously considered “Indian”. People of Iranian ancestry have taken up leadership positions include Benazir Bhutto and the current prime minister Gilani who visited his ancestral homes on a trip to Iran. Arabs settled along the Indus and Omanis settled in the enclave of Gwadar. Still other Pakistanis are descendants of Mongols, Mughals and Turks in addition to Persians, Sakas, Parthians, Hephthalites and Greeks.
Pakistani Ethnicities; Another pull towards the Oxus and Central Asia
Pakistan’s ethnicity with an overlap with India due to Punjab’s partition.
LINGUISTICS
Pakistanis speaks exclusively Indo-Iranian or Indo-Aryan languages whereas much of India speaks Proto-Australoid languages. Balgir (2004) designates the following Indian tribes as Proto-Australoid racial group: Bhumiz,Gadaba, Juang, Kharia, Koda, Kolha, Mahali, Mirdha, Munda, Santal, Saora tribes.
Australoid racial stock is represented by: Gond, Kondh, Kissan, Oraon, Paraja, Pentia, Halva.
These Australoid tribes don’t exist in Pakistan proper.
Pakistan’s Iranic Ethnic Groups
The research by Kashyap (2006) designates 23 out of 54 Indian populations studied as Australoid, of which 1 speaks an Indo-European language (Dhangar of Maharashtra), 4 speak Austro-Asiatic languages (Kurmi of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar Kurmi of Bihar, and Juangand Saora of Orissa), 18 speak Dravidian languages. 7 populations were designated as Mongoloid, and the remaining 24 as Caucasoid.
About 99% of languages spoken in Pakistan are either Indo-Aryan or Indo-Iranian (sub-branches 75% Indo-Aryan 24% Iranian). All languages of Pakistan are written in the Persio-Arabic script, with significant vocabulary derived from Punjabi, Seraiki, Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu, Balochi, Kashmiri which are the languages of Pakistan.
Indian languages, 69% of languages spoken in India are Indo-Aryan, 26% are Dravidian, and 5% are Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic, All unrelated/distinct family of languages. Most languages in India are written in Brahmi derived scripts such as Devangari, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi, Naga, and many others are the mother-tongue languages spoken in each of India’s states.
Pakistanis mainly speak Indo-Iranic languages. Indo-Iranic languages include Balochi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Undri (Urdu) and Pashto are Indo-Iranic languages as are all the other languages of Pakistan which descend from a common proto-Indo-Iranic language around the second millennia BC. Only Brahui (Dravidian), Baltistani (Sino-Tibetian), and Burusho (language isolate) are non-Indo-Iranic, however it’s speakers are not that geneticly distinct form the rest of Pakistanis. Punjabi is the majority language of Pakistan. Punjabi is 2% of India. In the case of Urdu/Hindi, while Hindi is the mother- tongue of a majority in India, Urdu is the mother-tongue of a minority 8% Pakistanis.
Urdu uses the persian-based script. Hindi uses Devangari script. Urdu continues to be Pakistan’s official language but has undergone considerable changes over the years acquiring a particularly ‘Pakistani flavour’ with the incorporation of more and more grammar and prose from Pakistan’s many indigenous languages (e.g. Pashto, Panjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri etc.)
Hindi – (Indian) – These letters are foreign to every Pakistani.
Urdu (Pakistan)
You may have heard that Urdu is the same as Hindi or something coinded “Hindustani” by Gandhi. This denigrates Urdu to have no uniqueness, beauty, history and culture of its own! A simple comparison of true Hindi as spoken in very few Indian movies and Urdu spoken in Pakistani News will demonstrate their differences.
More on the difference between Urdu and Hindi: Do you speak real URDU or HINDI? | Reformistan.
Here is a sample of Persian and Turkish words in Urdu/Pakistani Language:
PERSIAN – biriyani, kabob, khaki, kurta, lashkar, Naan (nayan – baluchi), pyjama, gulab, somosa, baksheesh, taj, mahal, stan, taftan, tandoori, baaluchi, baalcony, bas, bazaar, bazigar, begaar, beige, bronze, bulbul, bukshi, bund, bundobust, burka, kharbuz — pronounced “kurbooja” in Hindi, karawan, chador, chakdar, charpayee, shachtrunj, chanaar, khush, daftar, darzi, darvesh, dastur, ashturee, doab, durbar, durwan, dustak, inam, farsi, fauj, fauji, feringhee, fida, gul, khana, halal, hawala, jagir, jama, asmin, jamaat, jujube, khidmat, khoja, mazdur, mehman, mehmandar, mirza, mughul, mussulman, namaz, naran (orange), pasha, pakistan, paak, parah, pasha, pashm, pashmina, pashto, purri (fairy), pilaf, pista, parwannah, rung, rukh, roshun, sabzi, samosa (sambusa), sandal, sard, sarwan, scimitar, seer (unit of weight), sheer, sarray, bandar (port), shah, shahi, shaheen, shahzada, shamiayana, shawl, shiraz, shikaar (pronounced sikar in hindi) ,shikaari, shikast, shikasta, sipahi, sirkaar, sekonji, subah, shukkar, surma, thana, dulband, band, toafaan, wazir, zameen, zenana
*Pakistani national anthem was written in Farsi by a Pakistani Hindu.
TURKISH – acab / ajab, adaalat, aadam, ahısta ahısta, akl / akal, aks, ananas, asli / asal, aşik / aashik, avara, aavaz, aurat, aaina, aazad, badem, barood, canam / janaam, javab, çaku / chaku, çat / chatt, çay / chai, dard, dost, diwar, dukan, duniya, durbin, duşman / dushman, acnabi / ajanabi, adab, agar, albatta, fakir, , gumgurur, gunah, hava, hafta, hazier, halwa, hesap, ancir / anjeer, insan, harbuz / kharboze, kalam, kaatil, ki, kitab, khima, kofta, manzara, masum, musafir, maidan, mohabbat, mum, musibat, anar, nafrat, bazu, pehelvan, paynir, pulaw, roh / rooh, sabun, , sade, , saaf, sahil, , sabzi, sırf, şarab / sharab, şakar / shakkar, şaytan / shaytaan, şikayet / shikayet, şiş kebap, şişa / shisha, tava, taze / taaza, top, urdu, vatan, yani, yar, zalim, zancir / zanjeer
GENETICS
The Pakistani population consists of mostly Indo-Aryans. Pakistanis are 70% Caucasoid, 20% Australoid- Negroid, and 10% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition. Indians are 50% Australoid-Negroid by race, 35% Caucasoid, and 15% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition.
Pakistanis carry common R1A genetic markers clearly indicating obvious common ancestry. Mostly the north western Iranic speakers and the Dardic speakers are said to be closely related with a higher frequency of R1A genetic markers as opposed to the Indo-Aryan speaking population with slightly lower R1A frequencies (mainly Punjabis and Sindhis), however they are still all connected. Even the non-Indo-European speaking populations – mainly the Brahuis, Hunzas (also called Burushos) and Baltistanis- do not stand much out genetically. See genetic difference below between Indians (Hindi, Marwari, Gujrati, Marathi, Kannada, Konkani) and Pakistanis (Balochi, Brahui,Makrani, Sindhi, Pathan, Kashmiri, Punjabi). Genetically, Pakistanis are closer to Bedouin than they are to Marathis. Click on the images below to see difference in genetics between Pakistanis and Indians:
Genetic Disposition of Central and South Asians. India in Green, Pakistani in Blue and Iran and Central Asia in Orange.
J variance in Iran, Pakistan, India, Turkey, and the Balkans Quintana-Murci et al. reported that the STR variance in haplogroup J is .57 in Iran, .47 in Pakistan, .36 in India. For this particular variance, Pakistan is closer to Iran than India or rather in the middle. On the same loci, the STR variance derived from the Balkan data of Bosch et al. is 0.55.
The Genetic Difference
At K=7, a Southwest Asian component emerges which is highest in Arabia and East Africa. Another interesting aspect of its distribution is its presence in Pakistan but not India. Perhaps, in this case, it reflects historical contacts between the Islamic Near East and parts of South Asia. Indians have a 1.8 NE/NW ratio. In Pakistan this is 6.5, in Uzbeks it is 2.9, and in the North Eurasian_Ra it is 14.2.
Genetic Map. Note Pakistani Category versus Indian Quadrant – Gujratis, Sri Lankans, Brahmins. Pakistan is close to Central Asia at grid point 0,0.
Notice Pakistani ethnic groups versus Indian ethnic groups
RELIGION
97% of PAKISTAN is ISLAMIC.
81% of INDIA or 972 million are HINDU.
It is important to note that Sub-continent Muslims and Sub-Continent Hindus are two distinct civilizations. Islam reached Pakistan, Bengal & India within decades of its inception in the 7th century through arab traders. Consider the fact that Islam did not reach Chechnya until the 15th century or large parts of Indonesia till the 16th century that one will get the importance of Pakistan to Islam and vice versa.
In 1937 at the 19th session of the Hindu Mahasabha held at Ahmedabad, Veer Savarkar in his presidential address asserted: “India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary there are two nations in the main — the Hindus and the Muslims.” Another influential Hindu, Bhai Parmanand points out in his pamphlet called “The Hindu National Movement”:—“In history the Hindus revere the memory of Prithvi Raj, Partap, Shivaji and, Beragi Bir, who fought for the honour and freedom of this land (against the Muslims), while the Mahomedans look upon the invaders of India, like Muhammad Bin Qasim and rulers like Aurangzeb as their national heroes”. Some of the first proponents of partition were Hindus.
In the religious field, the Hindus draw their inspiration from the Ramayan, the Mahabharat, and the Geeta. The Musalmans, on the other hand, derive their inspiration from the Quran and the Hadith. Thus, the things that divide are far more vital than the things which unite. In depending upon certain common features of Hindu and Muslim social life, in relying upon common language, common race and common country, the Indian is mistaking what is accidental and superficial for what is essential and fundamental. Muslims and Hindus have different diet. Hindus revere the cow, Muslims butcher them for their meat and hide. In Hinduism, society is highly stratified. In Islam, “untouchables” converts are welcomed as equals. In much of India, Muslims live in what are called “Muslim areas” a euphemism for ghettos. As noted by Bhai Parmanand, Heroes of Muslims are scoundrels s to Hindus (Augranzeb, Babur, Afzal Khan, Ghazni, Ghauri). Heroes of Hindus are scoundrels to Muslims (Shivaji, Sambajhi). The two differ in perceptions. Hindus see Muslims as disloyal progeny of half-breeds, forced-converts, former untouchables or foreign invaders. Muslims see themselves as Central Asians or Inspired Converts and former masters of western, central & southern asia. Muslims in South Asia have many cultural similarities and by extension dissimilarities from Hindus. Many Indian Muslims though certainly not all may have appearances of Central Asians & Arabs especially in urban centers.
PAKISTAN – THE HISTORIC STAGING AREA – FOR INVASIONS OF HIND (India).
The great Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Sind. Sher Shah Suri was born in Multan. Ayub Khan emir of Afghanistan and destroyer of Anglo/Indian army is buried in Peshawar a hero to both countries. His grandson fought for Pakistan leading a division of tanks in 1965. Mahmud of Ghazna presided over Afghania and Pakistan invaded Hind proper. These ethnic groups that make up the Indus nation of Pakistan inflicted defeat after defeat on what is northern and peninsular india. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years.
Pakistan part of ancient Khosaran – The land east of Indus Rivers is considered “Hindustan”.
Afridis then (as depicted by Anglo-Indians)
Afridis now (in Pak Colors)
DRESS
Pakistanis overwhelmingly wear Shalwar-Qameez. Shalwar is a persian word wrongly pronounced by Indians as “Salwar”. Qameez is an Arabic word. In India, Saris are much more popular even though the origin of the Sari is dated to Pakistan’s Indus civilization. Sari are also not preferred due to the exposed midriff. Pakistani men wear the Peshawari Chappal, sometimes even with jeans. These durable shoes can last for ten years. Lungees are worn in India even by government officials, In Pakistan, Lungis are not worn much. In India, the traditional style of dress for men is the dhoti or lungi. This is a long white sheet of cloth and men will wear a shirt or t-shirt over it. The draped sari is generally considered to be one of the most popular forms of traditional Indian dress for women. They can be made out of a range of different fabrics, although silk saris still reign as the most elegant choice. The sari is usually worn over a blouse, by girls and women of all ages
GEOGRAPHY
The republic of India is in its entirety located in South Asia. Pakistani is situated at a pivotal geo-strategic, cross-civilizational location. It sits at the intersection of multiple civilizations. Pakistan is considered to be part of the Central Asia by UN. The country is considered to be part of the greater middle east. It is also part of South Asia. Pakistan is considered to be part of Central Asia both geographically and culturally. India is not. Central Asia consists of the following nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the following “territories”: Afghanistan, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia. Pakistan has several central asian “cultural capitals” like Peshawar. India does not. Pakistan is similar to Turkey in Eurasia. It is part of multiple strategic locations to the Central Asian STAN countries. India is not. Wakhan Corridor: In Afghanistan, with Tajikistan to the north, Pakistan to the south and China to the east, Khyber Pass: Between Afghanistan and the Pakistan Khunjerab Pass: Between Pakistan and China.
United Nations Designation of Middle & Greater Middle East
Pakistan considered Part of Western Asia – not India.
Pakistan Part of Greater Iran
Pakistan Part of Greater Iran – Iranian Map.
Pakistan is part of the “Greater Middle East”. India is not. In the UN map, Dark green in this map is “Middle East”. The G8 considers Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Algeria, Morrocco, Tunisia to be part of the “Greater Middle East”. Armenia, Azerbaijan and the former soviet republics are considered “the greater middle east” sometimes.
The Lowest Point of Pakistan (lower red) is higher than a Majority of India. Pakistan is on the same Longitude as Iran, Afghanistan & Central Asia. The map also points out the two separate rivers of the Indus (pink) and Ganges (black).
TOPOGRAPHY
Topography of the Indus and the Indian region has historically separated the two countries. Pakistan occupies the western region of the subcontinent and is based around the Indus Valley. It is separated from India proper by a historically impassable desert and by swamps in the south, leaving only northern Punjab, in the central part of the country, as a point of contact. A small portion of Punjab was partitioned to India. Pakistan is the major modern-day remnant of Muslim rule over medieval India. On the other hand, Historic Pakistan has been easily accessible to Afghanistan & Iran. Everyday thousands of Pakistanis and Afghans cross the border to visit their relatives.
Inhospitable Terrain between Historic Regions. Mangroves in the south, Desert in the middle, Karokaram in the north. Only Northern Punjab is easily accessible with the rest of partitioned Punjab. The northwestern provinces of british india have in common the Indus River.
To truly appreciate the inhospitable terrain on most of the Indo/Pak border a, satellite image at night demonstrates the absence of civilization right in middle of one of the most populated regions of the world.. See Bracket Below. It also shows Pakistan’s civilization nestle the Indus like it has for thousands of years.
FOREIGN RELATIONS
As independent nations, Pakistan and India have gone separately in their foreign relations.
In the Near, India, despite its pacifist pretensions, attacked and invaded the Portugese Colony of Goa. Conversely, Pakistan negotiated and purchased the Omani Colony of Gwadar. Pakistan negotiated an agreement with China on border territories, Conversely, India attempted the provocative forward policy. Pakistan is has an exemplary friendship with China and considers its friendship “higher than mountains deeper than oceans”. Conversely, India has had a war with China and considers it to be her #1 enemy. Pakistan supported and fought alongside of the Afghans against the Soviets. India was a staunch ally of the Soviets. Pakistan has not been war with any neighbor except India. India has been at war or conflict with Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka and has poor relations with Nepal, Bangladesh.
In the near-far, Pakistan has brotherly relations with a majority of the Islamic World and is a founding member of OIC (Organization of Islamic Countries). India does not enjoy the support of Muslim countries on the critical issue of Kashmir and is not allowed in the OIC even as a guest.
In the far, Pakistan has a history of friendship with USA. India has always been in the Soviet/Russian camp. Pakistan does not recognize Israel. Israel is an important strategic partner of India.
CULTURE
This map shows the long-standing cultural centers and frontiers of South Asia. Pakistani territory is distinct from Indian territory and India has many cultural centers or nations within.a
The society and culture of Pakistan comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, and Burusho communities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries’ cultures, such as the Turkic peoples, Persian, Arab, some parts of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
In ancient times, Pakistan was a major cultural hub. Many cultural practices and great monuments have been inherited from the time of the ancient rulers of the region. One of the greatest cultural influences was that of the Persian Empire, of which Pakistan was a part. In fact, the Pakistani satraps were at one time the richest and most productive of the massive Persian Empire. Other key influences include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and later, the relatively short-lived but influential British Empire. Pakistan has a cultural and ethnic background going back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 2800–1800 B.C., and was remarkable for its ordered cities, advanced sanitation, excellent roads, and uniquely structured society. Pakistan has been invaded many times in the past, and has been occupied and settled by many different peoples, each of whom have left their imprint on the current inhabitants of the country.
Some of the largest groups were the Proto-Indo-Aryans, of which Sindhis and Punjabis descend from and later Iranic peoples which the Baloch and Pashtuns descend from. Other less significant ones include the Greeks, Scythians, Persians, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Buddhists, and other Eurasian groups, up to and including the British, who left in the late 1940s. The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia. There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India, and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west
The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the main cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia.[1] There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west.
Most Pakistanis are mainly of Aryan heritage or have coexisted side by side along the Indus River for several thousand years, or both. However, over 60 years of integration, an even more distinctive “Pakistani” culture has sprung up, especially in the urban areas where many of the diverse ethnic groups have coexisted and ithe country now having a literacy rate of 55%, up from 3% at the time of independence. Traditional family values are highly respected and considered sacred, although urban families increasingly form nuclear families, owing to socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional culture of the extended family. The past few decades have seen emergence of a middle class in cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, Sialkot, Abbottabad, and Multan. Rural areas of Pakistan are regarded as more conservative, and are dominated by regional tribal customs dating back hundreds if not thousands of years.
CUISINE
Pakistani cuisine relies heavily on meat, especially red meat. Indian food relies more on vegetable dishes as the cow is revered. Indians use more mustard seeds, curry leaves, and hinge. Hinge is disliked in Pakistan for its strong smell. Pakistan’s specializations are haleem, balti, beef nihari, chappli kabab, other shared dishes like biriyani and pullao are also originally from Central Asia.
Cuisine is regional not national. The foods of the various Northern Pakistan ethnic groups are not similar to Indian food so much, and overlap more with Afghan and Central Asian cuisines. There are places in Pakistan near to China where the people eat home made flat noodle broth soups with shredded meat and fresh herb garnish like “dodo” in Hunza and Gilgit. Even within Punjab, there are differences. Sikh and Hindu Punjabis eat a lot more paneer and paneer-based dishes are unknown in Pakistan.
While there are similarities to North Indian cuisine due to central asia’s influence/domination of India, South Indian cusine is completely different. Dishes such as : kevar kalli, idli, sambar, vadai, rasam, dosa, thayir sadam (yogurt rice), thayir vadai (yogurt-soaked fritters), kootu (vegetables in wet style), poriyal/kari (vegetables in dry style), murukku,uthappam, idiappam, appalam is unknown to Pakistanis.
Food is not presented in this compartmentalized manner in all of Pakistan.
A very novel way of serving food on a plantain leaf in India.
Here are just a few list of highly popular regional Indian dishes but completely unknown to Pakistanis:
Lapsi
Bafla
Bhutte ki Khees
ThalipeethVada Pao
Modak
Xacuti
Bibinca
Prawn Balchao
Bisi Bele Bhat
Kesari Bath
Mysore Pak
Dharwand Pedha
Chiroti
Sadya Meal
AvialMalabar Parotha
Payasam
Irachi Stew
Apparn
Idli
Sambar
Rasam
Chettinad
Pongal
Appam
Bafauri
Kusli
Red Ant Chutney
Kadugu
Yerra
Vendakkai
Patchaddy
Zu
Chakwi
Mwkwhi
Muitru
Jadoh
Khiromohan
Rasabali
Chhenapodapitha
Dham
Dal-Baati_churma
Ker Sangaari
Lal Maas Gette
Jhangora
Momos
Gundruk
Maasor Tenga
Pitha
Thekua
Pua
Marua-ka-Roti
PHYSICAL FEATURES
A common international perception based on observance of physical features is that most Pakistanis are lighter skinned than most Indians. Most Pakistanis resemble the looks of peoples inhabiting on Pakistan’s western borders and beyond i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Turkmenistan. Many Pakistanis also resemble many Northwest Indians or higher caste Indians. However, those are a minority in India. Similarly, some Pakistanis resemble peoples of South India, lower caste Indians, Northeast India, etc. but they are a minority in Pakistan. Majority of Pakistanis have fair skin complexion and majority of Indian have dark complexion. Pakistanis have a Caucasoid skull type.
Map of World by member size
NORTHWEST INDUS and the DECCAN PENINSULA.
The people of the northwest have had a separate history from India. The great Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Sind. Sher Shah Suri was born in Multan. Ayub Khan emir of Afghanistan and destroyer of Anglo/Indian army is buried in Peshawar a hero to both countries. His grandson fought for Pakistan leading a division of tanks in 1965. These ethnic groups that make up the Indus nation of Pakistan inflicted defeat after defeat on what is northern and peninsular india. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years.
ECONOMIC
Pakistan is part of the Central Asian Economic Bloc of ECO because of its cultural, historical, geographical and socio-political links. India is not part of this bloc.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Republic of Azerbaijan
Islamic Republic of Iran
Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Turkey
Turkmenistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
Pakistan’s economic growth has also been different than India’s. Pakistan has held GDP growth edge for most of our history. It is only in the 2000′s that India GDP growth performed better than Pakistan.
GDP GROWTH
Click on thumbnails of ordinary people of Pakistan and India
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SCHOOL CHILDREN
Indian
Pakistani – The difference in complexion and shades of hair is quite obvious.
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FEMALE TROOPS
Indian Female Troops
Pakistani Female Pilots – Once again, complexion and features are visibly different.
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NATIONAL FEMALE SKIERS
Indian
Pakistani – The difference could not be more pronounced in both complexion and feature and similarities to central Asians.
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FEMALE FANS
Indian – Attractive ladies at a cricket match
Pakistani – Once again the female fans above have a classic South Indian, South Asian look whereas the Pakistani girls have features found all over in Pakistan.
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NURSES
Indian
Pakistani nurses. Indian girls above look very much like each other, their counterparts in Pakistan look different.
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WOMEN’S CRICKET TEAMS
Indian
Pakistani – Complexion and hair very much different
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FANS ABROAD
Indian – Even abroad, the difference is quite clear and no jersey or flags are needed to identify the two peoples from each other.
Pakistani
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FEMALE ATHLETES
Indian
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U-19 TEAMS
Indian
Pakistanis – Very obvious difference
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RETIRED CAPTAINS
Indian
Pakistani – the two gentlemen are highly accomplished but look like they are from two different parts of the world (in this case).
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FANS
Indian Fans
Pakistani Fans
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CAPTAINS
Indian Cricket Captain – A very typical Indian face. Compare features of Indian Astronaut below.
Pakistani Captain
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UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
Indian University Students
Pakistani University Students – These girls look very different from the graduates in India.
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ASTRONAUTS
Indian Astronaut
Pakistani Astronaut
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CERN SCIENTIST
Indian CERN Scientist
Pakistani CERN Scientist
Indian Women often have “frizzy” hair. This trait is rare in Pakistani women.
Ordinary punjabi girls with straight hair
Indian Prime Minister
Pakistani Prime Minister – Was on the People’s magazine of Most Beautiful People in the World.
Indian Squash Team
Pakistani Squash Team
Indian Students
Pakistani-American Students – A striking difference from Indian-Australian Students above. 1 may look similar to the Indian crowd above and 1 from Indian crowd may look like the majority in this picture. Overall the difference is quite obvious.
Pakistan is thought to be “formerly part of India” because of the British colonization. The Mughals conquered the various states in South Asia one by one. The British consolidated, for ease of administering (ruling) the conquered territories and set up an administrative unit called India. A country or administrative unit called India (or by any other name), comprising of the current territories of India, never existed in all known history.
During the British colonial rule, people of the Indian subcontinent (including those areas now in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Sri Lanka) had a common purpose and agenda, namely, freedom from British colonial rule. Such a oneness of purpose never before existed among the various peoples of the Indian subcontinent. Freedom from the British brought them together temporarily. Finally, in the middle of the 20th century (in the middle 1940s), the weakened-by-WWII British to end their rule over their empire. The oneness of purpose that evolved during the freedom struggle against the British held, with the one exception that most of the Muslim-majority regions in the north became a separate nation called Pakistan at the insistence of the Muslims. Much of the rest of the subcontinent hodgepodge became a country called “Republic of India”.
The modern republic of “India” is really territory conquered by central Asians and consolidated by the British empire. 560 principalities, states, nations or cultures were consolidated. The same can be said of Pakistan but it is united by religion (Islam), languages (Indo-Iranic), script (farsi), philosophy (TNT), civilization (Indus), cuisine (Mughalai). Each of Pakistan’s ethnic groups meet each other on the banks of the Indus. India is much more diverse amalgamation of states.
GEO-POLITICAL HISTORY
These are the facts:
“India” was never one country, culture, nation
Pakistani territory (Indus) has rarely been part of Peninsular India
IVC is ours. Case closed. Admin go ahead and put this one to bed. We don't indian lectures on OUR heritage.
Claims and Counter-Claims for a Long-Dead Civilization ? The Indus Valley Civilization may be Pakistani, Indian or Martian for all I care but none of the energy spent on determining that solves the major present day predicaments of Pakistan. Our ownership to or from the IVC didn't compel us to meddle in Afghanistan in the '80s or to pull off Kargil for god knows what reasons ? And the IVC sure as hell hasn't got anything to do with the widow who has to stand in line for hours at a stretch in the stifling heat of Lahore just to collect her deceased husband's pension. The day labourer who has to kill himself at work just to make ends meet doesn't give a wooden nickel about where he descends from or whether something called the IVC was Indian, Pakistani or Chinese ? The beggars in the streets, the trash-collectors who are covered in fillth, the common man who frequents the lower courts everyday for some justice for a case thats been pending for years at a stretch, the victims of honour killings and acid attacks etc. - I would assume that none of them would have the 'Origins of the IVC' very high on their priority lists ! 
