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US NSA has invaded Huawei network for several years and monitored Huawei's headquarters servers
Oberver network 2018-12-11 10:46:26
https://www.guancha.cn/economy/2018_12_11_482860.shtml
Recently, the "Huawei CFO Meng Zhouzhou was arrested" continued to ferment. While the outside world is paying attention to the progress of the incident, as the top officials of the US and Canada have expressed their prior knowledge, public opinion has also focused on the intention behind the United States.
As we all know, for many years, the United States regards Huawei as a security threat and does everything possible to prevent Huawei from doing business in the United States. In fact, the United States has always accused Huawei of using the back door to invade the US network, but this is what the United States has done for Huawei.
As early as 4 years ago, the US media reported that the US Security Bureau had invaded Huawei and implemented a seven-year monitoring of the headquarters server. Observer Network has also published an article for introduction.
The following is a report by The New York Times on March 23, 2014:
US officials have always regarded China's telecom giant Huawei as a security threat. To this end, they have tried every means to prevent Huawei's US operations, in case the "back door" of its equipment will allow Chinese military or government-backed hackers to steal company and government secrets. However, the recently published confidential documents show that the National Security Agency (NSA) has opened its own “back door” on Huawei's network and has implemented Huawei's monitoring for seven years.
According to the latest confidential documents issued by former US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee Edward Snowden, the NSA invaded the server of Huawei's Shenzhen headquarters, obtained information about Huawei routers and switches, and monitored the communications of Huawei executives. . Huawei has said that its routers and switch products connect one-third of the world's population.
The 2010 document shows that the code was coded as "Shotgiant" to investigate the relationship between Huawei and the People's Liberation Army. But the NSA is clearly going further – using loopholes in Huawei's technology, so when Huawei sells products in many countries around the world, including US allies and other countries that don't buy US products, the NSA can monitor Huawei's devices. . In addition, the NSA can also launch offensive activities with the permission of the President.
The document shows that as early as 2007, the NSA began a monitoring program for Huawei. By 2010, the NSA's Office of Access to Specific Intelligence Operations (TAO) found a way to invade Huawei's headquarters network. The NSA thus collected a large number of communication records of Ren Zhengfei.
The United States has always accused Huawei of using the back door to invade the US network, but this is what the United States has done for Huawei.
The NSA documents show: "Many of our goals use Huawei-made products to communicate. We want to make sure we understand how to exploit the vulnerabilities of these products." NSA hopes to invade its network of interest worldwide.
The New York Times and the German "Der Spiegel" weekly exposed these documents, which are also part of the new book "NSA Complex" published by Der Spiegel. These documents, as well as interviews with intelligence officials, further demonstrate the “digital cold war” between the United States and China. Although the top leaders of China and the United States have begun to explore restrictions on such digital conflicts, such conflicts have escalated so far.
According to several current and former US officials, the NSA is tracking more than 20 Chinese hacking organizations and believes that more than half of them are affiliated with the Chinese military. These hacker groups have invaded the US government, Google and other big companies, as well as the network of drones and nuclear weapon component manufacturers. Since the last report of the US media, such attacks have intensified.
The Obama administration has made different statements about China’s hacking activities against the United States and the hacking activities of US intelligence agencies against China and other countries. US officials have repeatedly stated that the NSA's invasion of foreign networks is for legitimate national security purposes only. White House spokesman Caitlin Hayden said: "We will not give the information we obtain to US companies to strengthen their international competitiveness or help them improve their performance. But many countries are not like this."
But this does not mean that the US government will not conduct corporate espionage activities for a variety of different purposes. In the 2010 document, the intelligence department described the reasons for attacking Huawei. One analyst said: "If we can confirm the company's plans and intentions, then we hope this will help us understand the Chinese government's plans and intentions." The NSA also saw an additional opportunity: as Huawei invests in developing new technologies, And deploying submarine cables to connect its $40 billion telecom network empire, US intelligence can pry into key targets among Huawei customers, including "high priority targets" from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kenya and Cuba.
However, these documents do not answer a central question in the eyes of the United States: Is Huawei as an independent company as its management said, or is it related to the Chinese military as stated by US government officials?
Two years after the "Sniper Giant" campaign was fully launched, the US House Intelligence Committee issued a non-encrypted report on Huawei and ZTE. According to the report, there is no evidence that these companies are related to the Chinese government. However, this October 2012 report still believes that these companies must be prevented from acquiring and acquiring in the United States, while "cannot fully believe that these companies will not be affected by foreign governments."
Huawei subsequently abandoned the efforts of the telecommunications equipment business to break through the US market and said that the company is a victim of trade protection. Huawei executives insist that the company has nothing to do with the Chinese military.
Huawei's vice president of foreign affairs, William Plummer, said that Huawei is not sure whether it has become the target of the NSA. He also expressed his personal opinion: "The irony is that what they are doing to us is precisely what China has accused of doing to the United States. If there is such an espionage, then they can know that the company is Independent, not associated with any government. Such information should be communicated to the public to resolve misunderstandings and missing information."
Does Huawei have any contact with the military?
But Snowden’s confidential document did not answer the core question: Is Huawei’s independent company or the frontline of the People’s Liberation Army? Huawei’s leadership said it was the former, and US officials thought it was the latter, but it has never been proven.
Two years after the implementation of the “Sniper Giant” project, in October 2012, the House Intelligence Committee published a report on Huawei and ZTE, accusing the companies of the Chinese government without citing any evidence. The report said that they must be prohibited from engaging in "acquisition or merger" operations with US companies, and "cannot believe that they are not affected by foreign influences."
Huawei claims to be a victim of trade protectionism, and company executives say there is no connection with the PLA.
Pramer said that Huawei does not know that it has become the target of the NSA. He said, "The irony is that they are doing what we are doing to them."
"If we really implemented such espionage," Plummer said, "then they should know that we are an independent company and have no unusual contacts with the government. They should clarify publicly to end this mistake and falsehood." News."
Huawei has been blocked many times
The US government expressed concern about Huawei's business 10 years ago, when the US think tank RAND Corporation evaluated China's potential military threat to the United States. RAND believes that Chinese private companies such as Huawei are part of the new “digital triangle”. In this “digital triangle”, companies, academia and government departments have secretly cooperated.
Huawei is now a global giant. The company has developed Internet backbone equipment, laying submarine cables connecting Asia and Africa, and becoming the world's third-largest smartphone maker after Samsung and Apple.
Promoting Huawei's development is Ren Zhengfei, the only founder of Huawei. In the 1970s, he was an engineer in the Chinese military. In China, Ren Zhengfei is somewhat similar to Steve Jobs. In the mid-1980s, he started with a capital of 3,000 US dollars, developed a digital empire, and successfully responded to the competition between state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. However, in the eyes of US officials, Ren Zhengfei is associated with the Chinese military.
Subsequently, the United States repeatedly prevented Huawei from entering the US market. For example, the $3 billion purchase of 4G equipment between Sprint and Huawei was suspended; Huawei’s acquisition of 3Com was vetoed because it might be unfavorable to the US military; and US allies such as Australia were also called for not to involve Huawei in major telecommunications projects. Construction.
The document shows that as early as 2007, the NSA launched a project for Huawei. By 2010, the NSA's “Acquisition-Specific Intelligence Operations Office” found a way to invade Huawei's headquarters servers. A document shows that NSA collected Ren Zhengfei's communication records. However, analysts believe that there are still many communication records that have not been recorded.
NSA analysts made it clear that what they are looking for is not just "signal intelligence" between Huawei and the Chinese government. They also want to know how to invade Huawei's systems, so when other countries purchase Huawei's equipment, US intelligence agencies can invade these networks. (At the request of the US government for national security, the New York Times has hidden the technical details of this action.)
The NSA's intelligence activities in China are not limited to Huawei. According to Snowden's exposure document in April 2013, last year, the NSA invaded two large mobile communication networks in China, enabling the tracking of strategically important Chinese military departments. The document shows that other major targets include the office space of Chinese leaders. Like everyone else, Chinese leaders are constantly upgrading to better, faster WiFi networks, and the NSA is constantly looking for new ways to invade.
https://www.guancha.cn/economy/2018_12_11_482860.shtml
Original Chinese Observer network report:
美国安局曾入侵华为数年，监控总部服务器
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2018-12-11 10:46:26字号：由于美、加两国政府高层均表示事先知情，舆论也纷纷聚焦对美国背后的用意。
众所周知，多年来，美国将华为视为安全威胁，千方百计阻止华为在美开展业务。事实上，美国一直指控华为利用后门入侵美国网络，但这正是美国对华为所做的。
早在4年前，美媒就曾报道，美国安局曾入侵华为，对总部服务器实施了长达7年的监控。观察者网也曾刊发文章进行介绍。
以下为《纽约时报》2014年3月23日的报道：
美国官员一直将中国的电信巨头华为视为安全威胁，为此他们千方百计阻止华为的美国业务，以防其设备的“后门”会让中国军方或政府支持的黑客窃取公司和政府机密。但是，最近公布的机密文件显示，美国国家安全局（NSA）在华为的网络上开了自己的“后门”，并对华为实施了长达7年的监控。
根据美中央情报局（CIA）前员工爱德华·斯诺登最新爆出的机密文件，NSA入侵了华为深圳总部的服务器，获取了华为路由器和交换机相关工作的信息，并监控着华为高管的通信。华为曾表示，其路由器和交换机产品连接了全球1/3的人口。
这份2010年的文件显示，这次行动的代号为“狙击巨人（Shotgiant）”，目的是调查华为和解放军之间的关系。但是NSA显然走得更远——利用华为技术中的漏洞，因此当华为在全球许多国家，包括美国的盟国和不购买美国产品的其他国家销售产品时，NSA可以通过入侵华为的设备来进行监控。此外，在获得总统许可的情况下，NSA还可以发起攻击性的活动。
文件显示，早在2007年，NSA就开始了一项针对华为的监控计划。到了2010年，NSA的“获取特定情报行动办公室”（TAO）找到了入侵华为总部网络的方法。NSA借此收集了任正非的大量通信记录。
美国一直指控华为利用后门入侵美国网络，但这正是美国对华为所做的。
NSA的文件显示：“我们的许多目标使用华为制造的产品来通信。我们希望确保了解如何利用这些产品的漏洞。”NSA希望能入侵全球范围内其感兴趣的网络。
《纽约时报》和德国《明镜》周刊曝光了这些文件，而这些文件也是《明镜》出版的新书《NSA综合体》的一部分。这些文件，以及对情报部门官员的采访，进一步展示了美国与中国之间升级的“数字冷战”。尽管中美两国最高领导人已开始探讨限制这样的数字冲突，但到目前为止这种冲突正在升级。
根据多名美国现任和前任官员的说法，NSA正追踪着20多个中国黑客组织，并认为其中超过一半隶属于中国军方。这些黑客组织入侵了美国政府、谷歌等大公司，以及无人机和核武器元件制造商的网络。而自去年美国媒体的一项报道以来，这样的攻击活动愈演愈烈。
对于中国对美国的黑客活动，以及美国情报部门对中国和其他国家的黑客活动，奥巴马政府给出了不同说法。美国官员多次表示，NSA入侵国外的网络仅仅是为了合法的国家安全目的。白宫一名发言人凯特琳·海登(Caitlin Hayden)表示：“我们不会将获取的情报交给美国公司，以加强它们的国际竞争力或帮助它们提升业绩。但许多国家并不是这样。”
但这并不意味着美国政府不会因多种不同目的自行开展企业间谍活动。在2010年的文件中，情报部门描述了对华为进行攻击的理由。一名分析师表示：“如果我们能确认该公司的计划和意图，那么我们希望这将帮助我们理解中国政府的计划和意图。”NSA还看到了额外的机会：随着华为投资开发新技术，并部署海底光缆连接其年规模400亿美元的电信网络帝国，美国情报部门可以由此刺探华为客户中的关键目标，包括伊朗、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、肯尼亚和古巴的“高优先级目标”。
不过，这些文件并未解答美国眼中的一个中心问题：华为是否如其管理层所说是一家独立公司，还是与美国政府官员所说的一样与中国军方有关？
在“狙击巨人”行动全面开展两年之后，美国众议院情报委员会发布了关于华为和中兴的一份非加密报告。报告中称，没有证据表明这些公司与中国政府有关。不过，这份2012年10月的报告仍认为，必须阻止这些公司在美国的收购和并购活动，同时“无法完全相信这些公司不会受到外国政府的影响”。
华为随后放弃了电信设备业务突破美国市场的努力，并表示该公司是贸易保护的受害者。华为高管坚称，该公司与中国军方没有任何关系。
华为对外事务副总裁威廉·普拉默（William Plummer）表示，华为并不清楚自己是否成为了NSA的目标。他同时表达了自己的个人看法：“讽刺的是，他们对我们的所作所为恰恰是他们指责的中国对美国的所作所为。如果真的存在这种间谍活动，那么他们可以知道，公司是独立的，与任何政府都没有关联。这样的信息应当被传达给公众，以解决这方面的误解和信息缺失。”
华为跟军方有联系吗？
但斯诺登曝光的这份机密文件并没有回答核心问题：华为到底独立的公司，还是解放军的前线部队？华为的领导说是前者，美国官员认为是后者，但从来没有证明过。
当“狙击巨人”项目实施两年之后，2012年10月，众议院情报委员会公开发表了一份针对华为和中兴的报告，在没有引用任何证据的情况下指控这些公司与中国政府有关。该报告称必须禁止它们与美国公司从事“收购或兼并”业务，而且“不能相信它们不受外国影响”。
华为称自己是贸易保护主义的受害者，公司高管称与解放军没有任何联系。
普拉默称，华为不知道自己已经成为NSA的目标，他说，“讽刺的是，他们对我们的做法正是他们指控我们的由头。”
“假如我们真实施了这样的间谍活动，”普拉默说， “那么他们应该知道我们是一家独立的公司，跟政府没有任何不寻常的往来。他们应当公开澄清，终结这种错误和虚假的消息。”
华为遭遇多次封杀
美国政府早在10年前就对华为的业务表示了担忧，当时美国智库机构兰德公司评估了中国对美国的潜在军事威胁。兰德公司认为，华为等中国民营公司是新的“数字三角”的一部分。在这一“数字三角”中，企业、学术界和政府部门进行了秘密合作。
华为目前已是一家全球巨头。该公司开发了互联网骨干设备，铺设了连接亚洲和非洲的海底光缆，并成为位居三星和苹果公司之后的全球第三大智能手机厂商。
推动华为发展的是华为的唯一创始人任正非，70年代时他曾是中国军方的一名工程师。在中国，任正非有些类似于史蒂夫•乔布斯(Steve Jobs)。80年代中期，他以3000美元的资金起步，发展起了一个数字帝国，并成功应对了国有企业和外资企业的竞争。不过在美国官员看来，任正非与中国军方存在关联。
随后，美国多次阻止华为进入美国市场。例如，Sprint与华为之间价值30亿美元的4G设备采购被叫停；华为收购3Com的交易由于可能对美国军方不利而被否决；而澳大利亚等美国盟国也被呼吁不要让华为参与主要电信项目的建设。
文件显示，早在2007年，NSA就启动了针对华为的项目。到2010年，NSA下属“获取特定情报行动办公室”找到了一种入侵华为总部服务器的方式。一份文件显示，NSA收集了任正非的通信记录。不过分析师认为，仍有许多通信记录未能被记录。
NSA的分析师明确表示，他们所寻找的并不仅仅是华为与中国政府之间存在联系的“信号情报”。他们还希望了解如何入侵华为的系统，因此当其他国家采购华为的设备时，美国情报机构能入侵这些网络。（应美国政府国家安全方面的要求，《纽约时报》隐去了这一行动的技术细节。）
NSA对中国的情报活动并不仅仅局限于华为。根据2013年4月斯诺登曝光的文件，去年，NSA入侵了中国两家大型移动通信网络，从而得以追踪具有战略重要性的中国军方部门。文件显示，其他主要目标包括中国领导人的办公场所。与其他人一样，中国领导人也在不断升级至更好、更快的WiFi网络，而NSA也在持续寻找新的入侵方式。
Oberver network 2018-12-11 10:46:26
https://www.guancha.cn/economy/2018_12_11_482860.shtml
Recently, the "Huawei CFO Meng Zhouzhou was arrested" continued to ferment. While the outside world is paying attention to the progress of the incident, as the top officials of the US and Canada have expressed their prior knowledge, public opinion has also focused on the intention behind the United States.
As we all know, for many years, the United States regards Huawei as a security threat and does everything possible to prevent Huawei from doing business in the United States. In fact, the United States has always accused Huawei of using the back door to invade the US network, but this is what the United States has done for Huawei.
As early as 4 years ago, the US media reported that the US Security Bureau had invaded Huawei and implemented a seven-year monitoring of the headquarters server. Observer Network has also published an article for introduction.
The following is a report by The New York Times on March 23, 2014:
US officials have always regarded China's telecom giant Huawei as a security threat. To this end, they have tried every means to prevent Huawei's US operations, in case the "back door" of its equipment will allow Chinese military or government-backed hackers to steal company and government secrets. However, the recently published confidential documents show that the National Security Agency (NSA) has opened its own “back door” on Huawei's network and has implemented Huawei's monitoring for seven years.
According to the latest confidential documents issued by former US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee Edward Snowden, the NSA invaded the server of Huawei's Shenzhen headquarters, obtained information about Huawei routers and switches, and monitored the communications of Huawei executives. . Huawei has said that its routers and switch products connect one-third of the world's population.
The 2010 document shows that the code was coded as "Shotgiant" to investigate the relationship between Huawei and the People's Liberation Army. But the NSA is clearly going further – using loopholes in Huawei's technology, so when Huawei sells products in many countries around the world, including US allies and other countries that don't buy US products, the NSA can monitor Huawei's devices. . In addition, the NSA can also launch offensive activities with the permission of the President.
The document shows that as early as 2007, the NSA began a monitoring program for Huawei. By 2010, the NSA's Office of Access to Specific Intelligence Operations (TAO) found a way to invade Huawei's headquarters network. The NSA thus collected a large number of communication records of Ren Zhengfei.
The United States has always accused Huawei of using the back door to invade the US network, but this is what the United States has done for Huawei.
The NSA documents show: "Many of our goals use Huawei-made products to communicate. We want to make sure we understand how to exploit the vulnerabilities of these products." NSA hopes to invade its network of interest worldwide.
The New York Times and the German "Der Spiegel" weekly exposed these documents, which are also part of the new book "NSA Complex" published by Der Spiegel. These documents, as well as interviews with intelligence officials, further demonstrate the “digital cold war” between the United States and China. Although the top leaders of China and the United States have begun to explore restrictions on such digital conflicts, such conflicts have escalated so far.
According to several current and former US officials, the NSA is tracking more than 20 Chinese hacking organizations and believes that more than half of them are affiliated with the Chinese military. These hacker groups have invaded the US government, Google and other big companies, as well as the network of drones and nuclear weapon component manufacturers. Since the last report of the US media, such attacks have intensified.
The Obama administration has made different statements about China’s hacking activities against the United States and the hacking activities of US intelligence agencies against China and other countries. US officials have repeatedly stated that the NSA's invasion of foreign networks is for legitimate national security purposes only. White House spokesman Caitlin Hayden said: "We will not give the information we obtain to US companies to strengthen their international competitiveness or help them improve their performance. But many countries are not like this."
But this does not mean that the US government will not conduct corporate espionage activities for a variety of different purposes. In the 2010 document, the intelligence department described the reasons for attacking Huawei. One analyst said: "If we can confirm the company's plans and intentions, then we hope this will help us understand the Chinese government's plans and intentions." The NSA also saw an additional opportunity: as Huawei invests in developing new technologies, And deploying submarine cables to connect its $40 billion telecom network empire, US intelligence can pry into key targets among Huawei customers, including "high priority targets" from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kenya and Cuba.
However, these documents do not answer a central question in the eyes of the United States: Is Huawei as an independent company as its management said, or is it related to the Chinese military as stated by US government officials?
Two years after the "Sniper Giant" campaign was fully launched, the US House Intelligence Committee issued a non-encrypted report on Huawei and ZTE. According to the report, there is no evidence that these companies are related to the Chinese government. However, this October 2012 report still believes that these companies must be prevented from acquiring and acquiring in the United States, while "cannot fully believe that these companies will not be affected by foreign governments."
Huawei subsequently abandoned the efforts of the telecommunications equipment business to break through the US market and said that the company is a victim of trade protection. Huawei executives insist that the company has nothing to do with the Chinese military.
Huawei's vice president of foreign affairs, William Plummer, said that Huawei is not sure whether it has become the target of the NSA. He also expressed his personal opinion: "The irony is that what they are doing to us is precisely what China has accused of doing to the United States. If there is such an espionage, then they can know that the company is Independent, not associated with any government. Such information should be communicated to the public to resolve misunderstandings and missing information."
Does Huawei have any contact with the military?
But Snowden’s confidential document did not answer the core question: Is Huawei’s independent company or the frontline of the People’s Liberation Army? Huawei’s leadership said it was the former, and US officials thought it was the latter, but it has never been proven.
Two years after the implementation of the “Sniper Giant” project, in October 2012, the House Intelligence Committee published a report on Huawei and ZTE, accusing the companies of the Chinese government without citing any evidence. The report said that they must be prohibited from engaging in "acquisition or merger" operations with US companies, and "cannot believe that they are not affected by foreign influences."
Huawei claims to be a victim of trade protectionism, and company executives say there is no connection with the PLA.
Pramer said that Huawei does not know that it has become the target of the NSA. He said, "The irony is that they are doing what we are doing to them."
"If we really implemented such espionage," Plummer said, "then they should know that we are an independent company and have no unusual contacts with the government. They should clarify publicly to end this mistake and falsehood." News."
Huawei has been blocked many times
The US government expressed concern about Huawei's business 10 years ago, when the US think tank RAND Corporation evaluated China's potential military threat to the United States. RAND believes that Chinese private companies such as Huawei are part of the new “digital triangle”. In this “digital triangle”, companies, academia and government departments have secretly cooperated.
Huawei is now a global giant. The company has developed Internet backbone equipment, laying submarine cables connecting Asia and Africa, and becoming the world's third-largest smartphone maker after Samsung and Apple.
Promoting Huawei's development is Ren Zhengfei, the only founder of Huawei. In the 1970s, he was an engineer in the Chinese military. In China, Ren Zhengfei is somewhat similar to Steve Jobs. In the mid-1980s, he started with a capital of 3,000 US dollars, developed a digital empire, and successfully responded to the competition between state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. However, in the eyes of US officials, Ren Zhengfei is associated with the Chinese military.
Subsequently, the United States repeatedly prevented Huawei from entering the US market. For example, the $3 billion purchase of 4G equipment between Sprint and Huawei was suspended; Huawei’s acquisition of 3Com was vetoed because it might be unfavorable to the US military; and US allies such as Australia were also called for not to involve Huawei in major telecommunications projects. Construction.
The document shows that as early as 2007, the NSA launched a project for Huawei. By 2010, the NSA's “Acquisition-Specific Intelligence Operations Office” found a way to invade Huawei's headquarters servers. A document shows that NSA collected Ren Zhengfei's communication records. However, analysts believe that there are still many communication records that have not been recorded.
NSA analysts made it clear that what they are looking for is not just "signal intelligence" between Huawei and the Chinese government. They also want to know how to invade Huawei's systems, so when other countries purchase Huawei's equipment, US intelligence agencies can invade these networks. (At the request of the US government for national security, the New York Times has hidden the technical details of this action.)
The NSA's intelligence activities in China are not limited to Huawei. According to Snowden's exposure document in April 2013, last year, the NSA invaded two large mobile communication networks in China, enabling the tracking of strategically important Chinese military departments. The document shows that other major targets include the office space of Chinese leaders. Like everyone else, Chinese leaders are constantly upgrading to better, faster WiFi networks, and the NSA is constantly looking for new ways to invade.
https://www.guancha.cn/economy/2018_12_11_482860.shtml
Original Chinese Observer network report:
美国安局曾入侵华为数年，监控总部服务器
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2018-12-11 10:46:26字号：由于美、加两国政府高层均表示事先知情，舆论也纷纷聚焦对美国背后的用意。
众所周知，多年来，美国将华为视为安全威胁，千方百计阻止华为在美开展业务。事实上，美国一直指控华为利用后门入侵美国网络，但这正是美国对华为所做的。
早在4年前，美媒就曾报道，美国安局曾入侵华为，对总部服务器实施了长达7年的监控。观察者网也曾刊发文章进行介绍。
以下为《纽约时报》2014年3月23日的报道：
美国官员一直将中国的电信巨头华为视为安全威胁，为此他们千方百计阻止华为的美国业务，以防其设备的“后门”会让中国军方或政府支持的黑客窃取公司和政府机密。但是，最近公布的机密文件显示，美国国家安全局（NSA）在华为的网络上开了自己的“后门”，并对华为实施了长达7年的监控。
根据美中央情报局（CIA）前员工爱德华·斯诺登最新爆出的机密文件，NSA入侵了华为深圳总部的服务器，获取了华为路由器和交换机相关工作的信息，并监控着华为高管的通信。华为曾表示，其路由器和交换机产品连接了全球1/3的人口。
这份2010年的文件显示，这次行动的代号为“狙击巨人（Shotgiant）”，目的是调查华为和解放军之间的关系。但是NSA显然走得更远——利用华为技术中的漏洞，因此当华为在全球许多国家，包括美国的盟国和不购买美国产品的其他国家销售产品时，NSA可以通过入侵华为的设备来进行监控。此外，在获得总统许可的情况下，NSA还可以发起攻击性的活动。
文件显示，早在2007年，NSA就开始了一项针对华为的监控计划。到了2010年，NSA的“获取特定情报行动办公室”（TAO）找到了入侵华为总部网络的方法。NSA借此收集了任正非的大量通信记录。
美国一直指控华为利用后门入侵美国网络，但这正是美国对华为所做的。
NSA的文件显示：“我们的许多目标使用华为制造的产品来通信。我们希望确保了解如何利用这些产品的漏洞。”NSA希望能入侵全球范围内其感兴趣的网络。
《纽约时报》和德国《明镜》周刊曝光了这些文件，而这些文件也是《明镜》出版的新书《NSA综合体》的一部分。这些文件，以及对情报部门官员的采访，进一步展示了美国与中国之间升级的“数字冷战”。尽管中美两国最高领导人已开始探讨限制这样的数字冲突，但到目前为止这种冲突正在升级。
根据多名美国现任和前任官员的说法，NSA正追踪着20多个中国黑客组织，并认为其中超过一半隶属于中国军方。这些黑客组织入侵了美国政府、谷歌等大公司，以及无人机和核武器元件制造商的网络。而自去年美国媒体的一项报道以来，这样的攻击活动愈演愈烈。
对于中国对美国的黑客活动，以及美国情报部门对中国和其他国家的黑客活动，奥巴马政府给出了不同说法。美国官员多次表示，NSA入侵国外的网络仅仅是为了合法的国家安全目的。白宫一名发言人凯特琳·海登(Caitlin Hayden)表示：“我们不会将获取的情报交给美国公司，以加强它们的国际竞争力或帮助它们提升业绩。但许多国家并不是这样。”
但这并不意味着美国政府不会因多种不同目的自行开展企业间谍活动。在2010年的文件中，情报部门描述了对华为进行攻击的理由。一名分析师表示：“如果我们能确认该公司的计划和意图，那么我们希望这将帮助我们理解中国政府的计划和意图。”NSA还看到了额外的机会：随着华为投资开发新技术，并部署海底光缆连接其年规模400亿美元的电信网络帝国，美国情报部门可以由此刺探华为客户中的关键目标，包括伊朗、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、肯尼亚和古巴的“高优先级目标”。
不过，这些文件并未解答美国眼中的一个中心问题：华为是否如其管理层所说是一家独立公司，还是与美国政府官员所说的一样与中国军方有关？
在“狙击巨人”行动全面开展两年之后，美国众议院情报委员会发布了关于华为和中兴的一份非加密报告。报告中称，没有证据表明这些公司与中国政府有关。不过，这份2012年10月的报告仍认为，必须阻止这些公司在美国的收购和并购活动，同时“无法完全相信这些公司不会受到外国政府的影响”。
华为随后放弃了电信设备业务突破美国市场的努力，并表示该公司是贸易保护的受害者。华为高管坚称，该公司与中国军方没有任何关系。
华为对外事务副总裁威廉·普拉默（William Plummer）表示，华为并不清楚自己是否成为了NSA的目标。他同时表达了自己的个人看法：“讽刺的是，他们对我们的所作所为恰恰是他们指责的中国对美国的所作所为。如果真的存在这种间谍活动，那么他们可以知道，公司是独立的，与任何政府都没有关联。这样的信息应当被传达给公众，以解决这方面的误解和信息缺失。”
华为跟军方有联系吗？
但斯诺登曝光的这份机密文件并没有回答核心问题：华为到底独立的公司，还是解放军的前线部队？华为的领导说是前者，美国官员认为是后者，但从来没有证明过。
当“狙击巨人”项目实施两年之后，2012年10月，众议院情报委员会公开发表了一份针对华为和中兴的报告，在没有引用任何证据的情况下指控这些公司与中国政府有关。该报告称必须禁止它们与美国公司从事“收购或兼并”业务，而且“不能相信它们不受外国影响”。
华为称自己是贸易保护主义的受害者，公司高管称与解放军没有任何联系。
普拉默称，华为不知道自己已经成为NSA的目标，他说，“讽刺的是，他们对我们的做法正是他们指控我们的由头。”
“假如我们真实施了这样的间谍活动，”普拉默说， “那么他们应该知道我们是一家独立的公司，跟政府没有任何不寻常的往来。他们应当公开澄清，终结这种错误和虚假的消息。”
华为遭遇多次封杀
美国政府早在10年前就对华为的业务表示了担忧，当时美国智库机构兰德公司评估了中国对美国的潜在军事威胁。兰德公司认为，华为等中国民营公司是新的“数字三角”的一部分。在这一“数字三角”中，企业、学术界和政府部门进行了秘密合作。
华为目前已是一家全球巨头。该公司开发了互联网骨干设备，铺设了连接亚洲和非洲的海底光缆，并成为位居三星和苹果公司之后的全球第三大智能手机厂商。
推动华为发展的是华为的唯一创始人任正非，70年代时他曾是中国军方的一名工程师。在中国，任正非有些类似于史蒂夫•乔布斯(Steve Jobs)。80年代中期，他以3000美元的资金起步，发展起了一个数字帝国，并成功应对了国有企业和外资企业的竞争。不过在美国官员看来，任正非与中国军方存在关联。
随后，美国多次阻止华为进入美国市场。例如，Sprint与华为之间价值30亿美元的4G设备采购被叫停；华为收购3Com的交易由于可能对美国军方不利而被否决；而澳大利亚等美国盟国也被呼吁不要让华为参与主要电信项目的建设。
文件显示，早在2007年，NSA就启动了针对华为的项目。到2010年，NSA下属“获取特定情报行动办公室”找到了一种入侵华为总部服务器的方式。一份文件显示，NSA收集了任正非的通信记录。不过分析师认为，仍有许多通信记录未能被记录。
NSA的分析师明确表示，他们所寻找的并不仅仅是华为与中国政府之间存在联系的“信号情报”。他们还希望了解如何入侵华为的系统，因此当其他国家采购华为的设备时，美国情报机构能入侵这些网络。（应美国政府国家安全方面的要求，《纽约时报》隐去了这一行动的技术细节。）
NSA对中国的情报活动并不仅仅局限于华为。根据2013年4月斯诺登曝光的文件，去年，NSA入侵了中国两家大型移动通信网络，从而得以追踪具有战略重要性的中国军方部门。文件显示，其他主要目标包括中国领导人的办公场所。与其他人一样，中国领导人也在不断升级至更好、更快的WiFi网络，而NSA也在持续寻找新的入侵方式。
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