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Turkish Air Force (HVKK)

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Modern Hava Savaşı’nın okları – 2

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Phantom for Turkey
Last revised May 20, 2000


The Turk Hava Kuvvetleri (Turkish Air Force, or THK for short) became an important Phantom user during the 1970s. Turkey ultimately acquired 233 F-4Es and RF-4Es, obtained from new aircraft builds as well as from NATO transfers.

The first Turkish orders were for 40 new-build F-4Es acquired in fiscal year 1973 under the project name Peace Diamond III.

The Phantoms were delivered to Turkey beginning in August of 1974, initially equipping 161 Filo (squadron) of 6 Ana Jet Us (Jet Air Base, or JAB). This outfit later re-equipped with the F-16C Fighting Falcon, and its Phantoms were passed along to 7 Air Base at Erhac, where they replaced F-5As in Filo 171 and 172. Filo 173 later joined 7 JAB as the operational conversion unit.

Initial crew training took place at Eskisehir with the Simsek Kita (flight), but this unit disbanded by 1977.

An additional order for 32 more new-build F-4Es and eight RF-4Es was issued in Fiscal Year 1977, also under the terms of Peace Diamond III. These planes were issued to 111, 112, and 113 Filo of JAB 1 based at Eskisehir. 111 and 112 Filo got the F-4Es, which replaced F-100 Super Sabres, with 113 Filo getting the RF-4Es to augment their RF-84Fs.

15 former USAF F-4Es Phantoms were delivered from June 1981 to equip the newly-established 173 Filo of JAB 7. 15 more ex-USAF F-4Es arrived in mid-1984. The planes from the 1984 deliveries were used as attrition replacements and were distributed among both THK Phantom wings.

Subsequent to the delivery of the newly-built Phantoms to the THK, several batches of retired USAF F-4Es were obtained, starting with the Peace Diamond IV program of June-October 1987. A total of 40 planes were delivered under that program. These planes were intended to cover for attrition and to re-equip new squadrons. These planes were issued to Filo 131 and 132 of 3 JAB, based at Konya. This wing had previously flown F-100Ds and had been a training unit, and the arrival of Phantoms in 1988 allowed it to become an active-duty combat unit.

As payment for its support of US goals during the Gulf war, Turkey has received an additional 40 ex-USAF Phantoms, starting with an an initial delivery of four planes on March 25, 1991. These planes were used to re-equip 112 Filo and 172 Filo.

32 ex-Luftwaffe RF-4Es were delivered between 1992 and 1994. These were issued to 113 Filo at Eskisehir. During 1993-1994, 173 Filo ws re-equipped with RF-4Es and their F-4Es were transferred to 172 Filo. 172 Filo's F-4Es were transferred to 171 Filo. 171 Filo now has a ground attack mission, 172 Filo an interception role, and 173 a photographic reconnaissance role.

In August of 1995, Israel Aircraft Industries was awarded a $600 million contract to upgrade 54 THK F-4Es to Phantom 2000 standards. IAI got the contract after strong competition from Daimler Benz Aerospace which had offered an upgrade based on the Luftwaffe F-4F ICE program. The first 26 planes were to be upgraded in Israel, with kits to be provided for the remaining 28 upgrades to be done in Turkey. The radar is an Elta Electronics ELO/M-2032 radar originally developed for the Lavi, instead of the originally-proposed Norden APG-76. An Kaiser/El-OP wide angle HUD is also provided. A hands-on throttle-and-stick is provided for the pilot. An Astronautics air data computer is provided, along with Elsra SPS-100 and Elta passive/active electronic warfare systems. An embedded GPS INS is installed. A hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) is provided. Other changes involve structural reinforcements to improve fatigue life, a complete rewiring, and the addition of small strakes above the intake flanks to improve combat maneuverability. The THK unoffically calls the upgraded aircraft the F-4E 2020 "Terminator", which expresses the hope that the project will add 20 more years to the lives of the THK Phantoms.

The first 26 planes were to be upgraded in Israel, with kits to be provided for the remaining 28 upgrades to be done in Turkey. The first F-4E aircraft scheduled for upgrade (73-1025 and 73-1032) were delivered to Isreal in February of 1997. The first example completed as F-4E 2020 was 73-1025, which flew for the first time on February 11, 1999. First deliveries (68-498 and 71-1032) were made to the THK on January 27, 2000. The upgrades will go to 111 Filo and 171 Filo. The upgrade program is scheduled to end in 2003.

There is also a proposal to upgrade the THK's RF-4Es by adding new long-range oblique photography and sensor systems.

THK Phantoms initially had a code painted on their air intakes. The first digit in the code was the JAB (wing) to which the aircraft belongs, followed by the last 3 digits of the USAF serial number. For example, THK RF-4E "1-312" is RF-4E serial number 77-0312 belonging to the 1ci Ana Jet Us, based at Eskisehir. In early 1998, this code began to be removed from the intakes, to be replaced by a Filo emblem on the nose.

Phantom for Turkey
 

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