The Most Amazing Science Images Of 2010

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The Most Amazing Science Images Of 2010​

Echolocation Fail
Dietmar Nill
Both captured wild bats and juvenile bats that had never previously encountered large bodies of water were placed in a room with smooth and textured wood, metal and plastic plates. Bats of all species repeatedly attempted to drink from the smooth plates, but never from the textured plates.
This is because the smooth plates replicate the mirror-like echo reflection exhibited by bodies of water. Such surfaces reflect most of the bats’ echolocation energy away from it, but some energy hits the surface perpendicularly, sending an echo back directly beneath the bat. Water is the only such surface that behaves this way found in nature, so when the bats encountered similar properties in this artificial environment, they assumed the smooth plates were water.

Ping-Pong Playing Terminator
Kim Kyung-Hoon
Meet TOPIO 3.0, the ping-pong-playing robot. Made by Vietnam’s first-ever robotics firm, TOSY, the bipedal humanoid uses two 200-fps cameras to detect the ball as it leaves the opponent’s paddle. TOPIO’s brain—processors and an artificial neural network—analyzes the ball’s path to choose the best return. Last fall, TOPIO 3.0 debuted at the International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo.

E. Coli Sculpture
Luke Jerram
This 41-inch-long sculpture of the Escherichia coli bacterium is part of British artist Luke Jerram’s “Glass Microbiology” series of portraits. Other organisms he has vitrified include HIV, SARS and swine flu. In this depiction of the rod-shaped E. coli, two flagella trail from one end while hairlike pili surround a capsule full of tangled nucleoids.

Completing Delhi's New Subway Line
Anindito Mukherjee
A worker stands inside one of the Metro tunnels under construction in New Delhi, India, in preparation for the Commonwealth Games that took place in October. To overcome the challenges of a tight three-and-a-half-year schedule and construction underneath a densely populated city, engineers used 14 tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) to dig the underground thoroughfare.

A Simulated Black Hole Event in the LHC's ATLAS Detector
CERN/ATLAS
If this is what a black hole looks like, imagine a Big Bang.

 

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Sandy, Salty Swirls
Courtesy ESA
In the Tanezrouft Basin of south-central Algeria, vegetation is sparse and sand is plentiful. Images like this one, taken by Japan’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite, provide researchers with an easy look at hard-to-reach areas to survey natural resources, monitor disasters, and track vegetation coverage.

Oscar the Cat
via Irish Times
British housecat Oscar lost both his hind paws in a farming accident, an injury which normally leads to an undignified rolling cart solution. But Oscar instead received a groundbreaking surgery in which prosthetic legs were grafted directly onto his ankle bones, called an "exoprosthesis." This first-of-its-kind operation allows Oscar to walk normally.

In this micrograph of a dorsal closure in a fruit-fly embryo, the protein actin is marked red, prominent around the gap in the epithelial cells. The microtubules that give shape to cells are green, and epithelial cells with their microtubules destroyed are blue. This dorsal closure is similar to the healing of wounds, and could help scientists figure out ways to improve the process in humans.

 

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Bacterial Colony
Eshel Ben-Jacob
Poisons unleashed when colonies of bacteria get too close create a toxic “no-man’s-land” in between.

Whispering Gallery of Photons Measures Nanoparticlces
Kim Kyung-Hoon
In this illustration, a tiny particle alights on a doughnut-shaped piece of glass, demonstrating a new kind of detector developed by researchers at Washington University. The technology could someday detect viruses and measure nanoparticles engineered for pharmaceutical delivery. Nanoparticles disrupt the light waves resonating within the doughnut, setting off the detector. According to electrical-engineering professor Lan Yang, these microresonators are much less susceptible to environmental noise than other detectors. Yang predicts that the sensors will be ready to leave the lab in five years.

ISS Receives a Welcome Upgrade
NASA
During a five-hour, 54-minute spacewalk, NASA astronaut Robert Behnken opens the insulation flap of a newly installed camera system for aligning modules during construction and reaches inside. He’s working on the last major American addition to the International Space Station, now 98 percent complete, with a pressurized volume of 28,947 cubic feet and a habitable volume of 12,420 cubic feet. Completed in February, the Tranquility node boasts a seven-window cupola offering a 360-degree view of Earth below.

Bioluminescent Critters
Edith Widder
Most bioluminescence in the ocean is blue, the color that travels
furthest through seawater, but there are interesting exceptions such as the yellow bioluminescence of some pelagic worms (e.g. Tomopteris sp. shown at top)

 

[MAFIAN GOD]

Awesome BENNY
That Delhi subway line construction image amazed me for a while.

 

[Kyusuibu Honbu]

More from the glass microbiology.

Glass Virus

Videos

YouTube - Swine flu sculpture.wmv


Source:Glass Microbiology | Luke Jerram

 

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The Development of Dubai
NASA
The aerial image on the left shows Dubai in the year 2000. On the right, Dubai today

Rescue Workers Train For Disaster
Roberto Pfeil
In January, a missile struck a plane and two buses at Cologne-Bonn Airport in Germany, littering the tarmac with bodies: 14 dead and 77 injured. About an hour later, a suicide bomber went on to claim 23 more victims using a bomb containing cesium-137. And then everyone dusted themselves off and went home. After 17,000 hours of planning, some 1,900 police officers, firefighters, and rescue and airport workers joined in this, the airport’s largest-ever disaster-preparedness drill, where “missiles” and “radiological weapons” threatened the airport.

Heart Muscle Cells
Courtesy Dr. Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte/ Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Heart muscle cells (shown in green), regress to a more youthful
state after injury, start dividing again (indicated by a red marker) to replenish lost cells and then mature a second time into cardiomyocytes.

King Tut's Only Grandmother
Nasser Nasser
Scientists once suspected that this 3,300-year-old corpse was King Tutankhamun’s mother. They were close. The mummy is now believed to have been his grandmother—his only grandmother.

 

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Orion Weld
NASA
The bulkhead and nosecone of the Orion spacecraft are joined using friction stir welding at NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, La. Nondestructive evaluations will validate the strength and integrity of the weld before the spacecraft is prepped for ground testing in flight-like environments, including static vibration, acoustics and water landing tests.
Unfortunately, the Orion project was eventually cancelled amongst other NASA cuts in the 2011 budget laid out by the Obama administration.

This Chip Can Sift Martian Soil For Alien DNA
C. Carr
Someday, microfluidics chips like this one might suss out life on Mars. The chip, developed by Gary Ruvkun, a professor of genetics at Harvard University, would ride along on a soil-collecting rover and search for microscopic life within Martian dust. It will use a combination of buffer solution, detergent and high-frequency sound waves to disrupt the cells, causing any minuscule Martians to release their genetic material. Chemicals in the chip would then amplify the DNA found and label it with fluorescent dyes.

Ostracod
Courtesy David Siveter, Derek Briggs, Derek Siveter, Mark Sutton
External and internal views of a 425 million years old ostracod crustacean; total length: 5mm. The internal view (shell removed) shows preserved soft-parts of the animal, such as limbs and eyes.

 

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Atom Corral Is a Major Step Toward Quantum Computing
Jason Amini
This maze of electrodes, known as a surface-electrode ion trap, brings us closer to building quantum computers—that is, computers that could manipulate the quantum-mechanical states of atoms to process data millions of times as fast as today’s most powerful supercomputers do. Whereas computers now use transistors to crunch 0s and 1s, a quantum computer could theoretically perform dozens of calculations simultaneously by zapping charged subatomic particles, called ions, with a laser.

Largest-Ever Solar-Powered Boat
Christian Charisius
In February, the Swiss company PlanetSolar SA unveiled PlanetSolar, a floating test bed for renewable energy, during a ceremony held in Kiel, Germany. The $15-million catamaran measures 49 feet wide, 25 feet high and 102 feet long and weighs 94 tons. It is equipped with 5,380 square feet of photovoltaic solar panels, and its four motors run entirely on solar power (when it’s cloudy out, energy stored in batteries powers the boat).

A Map of the U.S. Made of Slime Mold
Andy Adamatzky and Jeff Jones
The “roads” on this agar-gel map of the U.S. may not quite mirror reality, but they could help scientists build more-robust networks in the future. Physarum polycephalum, a type of slime mold, grows tendrils in search of food and withdraws extraneous arms to focus on the most efficient paths between sources. Although the American map is just an illustrative model made for Popular Science, researchers in the U.K. have used slime mold to create similar replicas of local roads and railways, backed up by computer models.

The UK World Expo Pavilion
John Mahoney
These acrylic rods make up the Seed Cathedral, the centerpiece of the U.K. Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China. Encased at the tip of each 25-foot-long rod are seeds provided by China’s Kunming Institute of Botany. Sixty-six feet tall and consisting of 60,000 rods, the structure took about four months to install at a rate of approximately 536 rods a day.

It's Spelled "Eyjafjallajokull"
HALLDOR KOLBEINS/AFP/Getty Images
Drivers in Iceland head away from the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption that began in mid-April, bringing European air travel to its knees.

Oil Globules on Orange Beach
Dave Martin
Ocean waves affect an oil spill in two ways. They help carry the oil from its source to land—in this case, from the Deepwater Horizon drilling site in the Gulf of Mexico to Orange Beach on the Alabama shore—and they also churn the oil slicks into smaller globules that wash up on beaches and stick to sunbathers’ feet.

 

[Leviza]

Paul, an intern on Facebook's data infrastructure engineering team, recently took a sample of about ten million pairs of friends from Facebook's data warehouse and plotted out their relationships. The result? A stunningly beautiful—and accurate—map of the world.


Paul's description of the process of creating this map is almost as dreamy as the image itself:

After a few minutes of rendering, the new plot appeared, and I was a bit taken aback by what I saw. The blob had turned into a surprisingly detailed map of the world. Not only were continents visible, certain international borders were apparent as well. What really struck me, though, was knowing that the lines didn't represent coasts or rivers or political borders, but real human relationships. Each line might represent a friendship made while travelling, a family member abroad, or an old college friend pulled away by the various forces of life.

Source

 

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The Tiniest Superconductor
Courtesy Dr. Saw-Wai Hla and Kendal Clark
This image shows the smallest superconductor, which is only .87 nanometers wide.

Giant Floating Crane Searching For Clues to Korean Maritime Disaster
Getty Images
A floating crane prepares to raise from the depths a South Korean navy combat corvette that mysteriously split in two and sank on March 26. To allow military and civilian investigators from South Korea, the U.S., Australia, the U.K. and Sweden to examine the 1,322-ton ship, a tag team of cranes—one capable of lifting 2,200 tons, the other, 3,600—retrieved the two pieces from the ocean floor.

Why You Should Keep Your Face Away From Big Fireworks
Manuel Balce Ceneta
This unlucky blast-test dummy was the star of the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s annual July press event on the National Mall in Washington. The commission, which regulates fireworks’ explosive power, here vividly shows the potential of pyrotechnics for bodily harm. The mannequin’s Styrofoam head, filled with cornmeal to simulate brains, was close to a professional-grade explosive, with a “quick match” fuse that burns almost instantaneously. (Consumer-grade pyrotechnics have a six-second fuse.)
The commission estimates that fireworks were responsible for 9,000 injuries in the U.S. last year. Most of the injuries from firecrackers and sparklers are burns and cuts, but the decapitation demonstration is a reminder that the night can end in other ways.

Lung On a Chip
Kristin Johnson/Donald Ingber/Benjamin Matthews/Martin Montoya/Dongeun Huh/Akiko Mamoto/Hong Yuan Hsin
This ersatz lung, no bigger than a multivitamin, could represent a new pharmaceutical testing method. On it, researchers have created an artificial alveolus, one of the sacs in the lungs where oxygen crosses a membrane to enter the body’s blood vessels. A polymer sheet that stands in for the membrane is in the blue strip. On one side of the sheet, blood-vessel cells mimic a capillary wall; on the other, lung-cancer cells mimic lung epithelial cells.

Webb Telescope
David Higgenbotham
Ball Aerospace's Jake Lewis is reflected in one of the mirrors on a James Webb Space Telescope Array, in the X-ray and cryogenic facility for testing.

 

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Potentially New Species Of Acorn Worm
David Shale
This animal, which lives more than a mile and a half below the ocean’s surface, is one of three potentially novel species of acorn worms discovered on a deep-sea expedition in June. Expedition participant Monty Priede and his team from Oceanlab at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland are currently analyzing the creature’s DNA while another member of the expedition,
Nicholas Holland, a marine biologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, compares specimens with two species of acorn worm already described.
The newfound critters, which Priede describes as “very fragile,” are around five inches long when their bellies are full but shrink to about two inches after they evacuate their guts. Very little is yet known of these worms’ life cycles. To date, only about 5 percent of the world’s ocean habitats have been explored.

Stem Cell Exerts Pressure On Microscopic Posts, Reveals Its Own Future
Jianping Fu
Like a child, a stem cell can grow up to be just about anything. Eventually it picks a job, however, during a process called differentiation. Scientists can influence, if not always control, the outcome by applying compounds called growth factors. Now Jianping Fu, a biomedical and mechanical engineer at the University of Michigan, and his colleagues have discovered that the force exerted by a stem cell onto a surface is an important part of in both predicting and altering what type of cell it will develop into.
Fu placed a stem cell on a scaffold of 13-micron-long silicone posts and found that the amount of force the cell exerted on those posts indicated it would eventually become a fat cell. But he also found that when he stiffened the surface by shortening the posts, it caused the same line of stem cells to turn into bone. Knowing how to predict and manipulate the fate of stem cells will make therapies based on them—for spinal-injury repair, bone grafts, skin transplants—easier to develop.

HERCULES Laser
Courtesy Anatoly Maksimchuk, Associate Research Scientist in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
The new amplifier of the HERCULES laser fires. The laser is now
capable of producing a beam so intense scientists believe it sets a world record.

Beijing Olympics Water Cube Is Now a Water Park
How Hwee Young
The Beijing National Aquatics Center, or Water Cube, was built to house the swimming events of the 2008 Olympics. (Its polymer walls, which reduce energy costs by minimizing the need for lighting and heating, won a PopSci Best of What’s New award in 2006.) The building’s designers intended for it to live on after the Olympics, however, and in August it revealed a new purpose
after a 10-month metamorphosis. The center now houses the Happy Magic Watercube water park, a tangle of state-of-the-art rides such as the Aqua-Loop, a vertically looping waterslide with a unique launch system—the floor drops out from under the rider—and the Body Slide (above). Happy Magic’s $30 entrance fee is about one ninth the average monthly income of local residents, yet it has attracted thousands of visitors every day since it opened.

The Queen, in 3-D
John Giles - WPA Pool/Getty Images
Queen Elizabeth II wears 3-D glasses on a trip to Sheffield University.

 

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Arsenic-Loving Bacteria
Courtesy Science/AAAS
Biologists have isolated a bacterium that can use a deadly chemical in place of one of life’s key building blocks, in a finding NASA says could have major implications for astrobiology and our understanding of life on Earth. In the study, researchers examined a bacteria living in a very salty and arsenic-heavy lake in northeastern California, not far from Yosemite National Park. Contrary to hysterical news reports, it is not a space alien, nor is it “new life” — it’s an existing bacteria that lives in a difficult environment and was deliberately manipulated in a lab.

Covini C6W
Covini
The Covini C6W, from Italian maker Covini Engineering, has been in the works for 32 years. It has lots of nice racing parts--a 4.2-liter Audi V8, a fiberglass/carbon fiber body over a tubular steel frame, 434 horsepower, a top speed of around 185 mph--and two very unusual additions that make it stand out. Don't bother rubbing your eyes: This thing really does have six wheels.
According to Jalopnik, the C6W is inspired by a 1976 race car with two sets of front wheels, designed to reduce drag and "increase air penetration." But those don't really factor into the C6W's design--instead, the extra two wheels provide better braking, grip, and absorption of frontal impact, and reduce risk of aquaplaning and deflated tires. They also greatly increase the amount and magnitude of head-turning, but that's not really a benefit that can be precisely measured.

The World's Best Bomb Detector
Staff Sgt. Stacy L. Pearsall
After six years and nearly $19 billion in spending, the Pentagon task force assigned to create better ways to detect bombs has revealed their findings: The best bomb detector is...a dog. The Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, or JIEDDO (the Pentagon should really take a page from DARPA and make catchier acronyms) has been working on this problem for years, but it's only getting more serious. There have been more roadside bombs in Afghanistan in the first eight months of this year than in the same period in 2009, so the work JIEDDO is doing is under extra scrutiny.

Super K Sonic Booooum
Nick Ballon via Super K Sonic Boooooum
On our short list of dreams here at PopSci is to paddle around inside Super-Kamiokande, the giant Japanese subterranean pool that is the world's most sensitive subatomic particle experiment.
We haven't been invited yet, even after featuring the Japanese awesomeness chamber in our neutrino detector gallery -- but meanwhile British artist Nelly Ben Hayoun has thoughtfully built a 72-foot-long replica of Super-Kamiokande out of Mylar balloons, where guests can sail through the expanse of pseudo-photomultipliers by just shelling out 5 pounds and tugging on a Tyvek protective coverall.
Installed at the Manchester Science Festival this week, the Super K Sonic Booooum installation will also offer visitors the chance to create their own super-sensitive neutrino-detecting globe, with help from physicist Jonathan Perkin and glassblower Jochen Holz.

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Star Motion in Omega Centauri
NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)
Omega Centauri, a globular cluster here in the Milky Way containing nearly 10 million stars, is an extremely busy hub of stellar activity. Those 10 million stars, all crammed together in a relatively tight space, are all swarming around a common center of gravity. Centuries ago it appeared as a single star, but the stargazing abilities of Hubble have allowed astronomers to pick out the individual stars and chart their positions.

Comet Hartley 2
Photo courtesy of NASA/JPL
The Deep Impact probe, part of NASA's EPOXI mission, has successfully returned never-before-seen images of the comet Hartley 2 as it flew near Earth this morning, only the fifth comet nucleus ever visited by a spacecraft.

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Gamma Ray Bubbles
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
A Harvard astronomer and his team have turned up something quite big while running publicly available data from NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and by big we mean both in scientific magnitude and in astronomical size: two massive gamma-ray emitting bubbles extending 25,000 light-years both north and south of the Milky Way’s center. The researchers aren’t sure where they come from or why they’re there, but the discovery of this massive new structure in the heart of our own galaxy is being equated to discovering a new continent on Earth.

 

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An Exoskeleton for Kids
Sakakibara-Kikai
If you think you can’t motivate the kids to put down the Sega or whatever it is they’re playing with these days, Japanese robotics manufacturer Sakakibara-Kikai would beg to differ. The company that created the Landwalker bi-pedal exoskeleton has created a five-and-a-quarter-foot exoskeleton just for the kiddies that is sure to captivate even the most technophobic youngster, assuming such a thing exists.

The Year's Best Microphotograph
Jonas King
This close-up of a mosquito heart is the winner of this year's Nikon Small World microphotography contest.

Wye Junction, at the World's Longest Tunnel
Creative Commons: Cooper.ch
The Gotthard Base Tunnel, two parallel tubes of over 35 miles each through the Swiss Alps, is a ridiculously ambitious undertaking, one that has taken 14 years so far and still has a few left to go before it'll be operational. But the Swiss achieved a major milestone back in October: One of the tunnels broke through, cementing the Gotthard's place as the world's longest tunnel.

The Famous, Influential Mandelbrot Set
Wikipedia
As modern mathematicians go, few were better known or more celebrated than Benoit Mandelbrot. The father of fractals died this year at age 85, prompting reflection on his contributions to geometry and our understanding of natural phenomena. Here's one of our favorites.

Orcus Patera
ESA
The European Space Agency has released a series of new images of Orcus Patera, a long crater near Mars's Mons Olympus whose rim rises some 6,000 feet. But the images, taken by the Mars Express craft, only deepen the mystery of the crater's origin. The ESA says "the most likely explanation is that it was made in an oblique impact, when a small body struck the surface at a very shallow angle." Sounds almost definitely like aliens.

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Tarantula Nebula
ESO/M.-R. Cioni/VISTA Magellanic Cloud survey. Acknowledgment: Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit
The ESO’s VISTA telescope has released a magnificent picture of the Tarantula Nebula in our neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud. The image was taken at the start of VISTA’s Magellanic Cloud survey, covering 184 square degrees of sky (about a thousand times the visible surface area of the moon).

Osprey
Courtesy U.S. Navy/Chief Mass Communication Specialist Joe Kane
A V-22 Osprey is refueled before a night mission in central Iraq.

 

[silent hill]

nice thread man!!!

 

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Ping-Pong Balls in Zero Gravity
Courtesy Northrop Grumman
PopSci's Senior Zero-Gravity Correspondent Paul Adams reported from G-Force One, a Boeing 747 that flies in a parabola to simulate zero gravity. Also featured: over two thousand ping-pong balls.

Solar Snake
NASA/SDO
Earlier this year, NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory caught a glimpse of a huge snakelike tendril of magnetic plasma on the sun, extending hundreds of thousands of miles across the surface.

Travelling Telescope
John Mahoney
When it becomes the successor to the illustrious Hubble later this decade, the James Webb Space Telescope's infrared eye will peer further into the edges of space (and time) than any telescope before it. But while the real thing is undergoing final construction at Northrop Grumman HQ, an exact 1:1 scale model has been touring the world, giving us a chance to get close to a realistic representation of an unconventional-looking spacecraft that will soon be the source of the most amazing images of the cosmos we've every seen.

Robonaut, Packed in His Crate
Courtesy NASA
Robonaut, who was supposed to start his career as the first humanoid robot in space this week, remains while the shuttle Discovery sorts out its problems.

Thermal Bats
Thomas Kunz, Boston University
Thermal infrared image of flying Brazilian free-tailed bats in Texas. Yellow is warmest; red is warm; green is cool and blue is coolest. Though scientists remain extremely concerned about widespread bat death, research on the mammalian fliers continues.

The Retrieval of Hayabusa
JAXA
JAXA, Japan's space agency, retrieved the Hayabusa spacecraft in the Australian outback after its seven-year journey, and promptly began the process of opening it (trickier than it sounds, apparently).

Crewman Yue, a Mars500 Crew Member
IBMP
A six-man crew spent 520 days simulating a round-trip voyage to Mars--and got a little goofy along the way. Crewman Yue does not approve.