I am just clarifying it for the purpose that don't be a prey to Indian propaganda. It is their malafide proposition that Pakistan "handed over" Shaksgam Valley, as if Pakistan had any administrative jurisdiction over it. They do it to support their utterly baseless claim in Aksai Chin. That was also a desolate area, with absolutely no Indian presence or jurisdiction, which was filled by China, peacefully, from 1950 to 1958, because they deemed it their's.
Bhai - what are you saying totally based on your Pakistan based..
But if you asked then Now even Pakistan's government claim on Ladakh. Ladakh is even not closer to your motherland and has a different culture but gave more loser parts to china.
political challenges were the main reasons to reach such an agreement with China.
1. China had an experience of war with India related to their boundary and Pakistan had tough time with India as well. By finding a common enemy, the two states could work together better and cooperate against India. According to Bhutto “An attack by India on Pakistan would no longer confine the stakes to the independence and territorial integrity of Pakistan. An attack by India on Pakistan would also involve the security and territorial integrity of the largest state in Asia” (Ibid. p, 82). Apparently he meant, the P.R. China. Thus it was advantageous for both countries to solve their border peacefully.
2. Pakistan felt that likely, the differences which were already existed with China due to the Pakistan‟s pro-West position could flare up on the boundary. The agreement reiterated that the purpose of this agreement was to ensure tranquility along the border, in order to develop friendly communication between the two countries. The fast changing security scenario of the region was posing a danger that an undemarcated border could have caused conflict as was in the Sino-Indian border problem (Hailin, 2008).
3. Pakistan had been engaged with India primarily of the Kashmir question which was resulted into war and hostilities. By going closer to China for the boundary issue, Pakistan was trying to get concessions from India on Kashmir, by using the China card. It was evident from the Indian protests regarding the Sino-Pakistan boundary negotiations. Pakistan was of the hope that China could support her position on Kashmir issue, that latter proved. “The veteran Kashmir leader, Ghulam Abbas, proclaimed China the only dependable friend and ally of Pakistan, and one whose friendship could be of great value in liberating Kashmir from Indian occupation (Dobell, 1964).
4. It was also Pakistan‟s effort to persuade the United States to pressure India for the solution of the Kashmir problem. It was a signal for the US that if she had failed, Pakistan had another option for the problem‟s solution that was China.
5. China had already resolved her boundary issues peacefully with its neighbors, like Burma and Nepal. China was interested to present itself as a peace-loving country by resolving the same issue with Pakistan. Pakistan too was looking seriously the Chinese developments with its neighbors and was concluded that a peaceful solution of the boundary was likely to take place.
6. Over the United States‟ giving assistance to India in the Sino-Indian border war of 1962, Pakistan was understandably unhappy over these overtures. Although the US had declared that the aid was primarily for the purpose to contain China, but Pakistan seemed it a more powerful India threatening its sovereignty. Bhutto expressed its anxiety that the weapons given to India by the US would be used against Pakistan as India had already solved five of its disputes by the use of force. In 1963, the Indian President once said in the US: “India will be able to settle the problem only by having strength with which to back her bargaining power” (Ibid. p. 8).
7. In November 1962, with the help of United States and United Kingdom, Pakistan and India agreed to resume their talks. “The idea was to induce Pakistan gradually to turn in the opposite direction by insisting on Indo-Pakistan co-operation instead of a rupture of Pakistan‟s relations with China” (Bhutto, 1965). Realizing the situation back of the International Journal of Social Science Studies Vol. 4, No. 2; 2016 4 1959 proposal of India and Pakistan for a joint defense of the subcontinent, China worried of these talks which might bring the same dilemma for it. When the talks reached to a stalemate, Pakistan also realized that it was merely Western attempt to make a room for sympathy in Pakistan and tone down the latter‟s criticism of the Western aid to India. It was beneficial for China to engage itself with Pakistan for border talks to neutralize the joint Indo-Pakistan development and minimize the outside powers‟ influence in the region.
8. As Pakistan readjusted its policy of balance between the West and the Communist blocs, in 1961, Pakistan was agreed to get the Soviet assistance in the shape of agreement for exploration of its oil resources. China was worried about this Soviet‟s offer. Later, the victory of China over India in its war proved for Pakistan that China was better option than the Soviet Union to approach for sustained warm relations.
9. The boundary agreement gave recognition to Pakistan‟s control over Azad Kashmir from a regional power against the Indian charges. It was also mentioned in the agreement that the final boundary would be redrawing in future when the Kashmir dispute solved. It means that Pakistan was successful to denounce the Indian claim over Kashmir and projected it as a disputed territory between itself and India, as Pakistan was demanding the disputed position of Kashmir in the United Nations, illegally occupied by India. On May 31, 1962China told to the Indian Embassy in Beijing by Note that it had never recognized the Indian claim over Kashmir as her sovereign territory without reservation (Ambekar and Divekar, 1964).
10. The Xinjiang problem has always been a trouble for Beijing Regime and fostered by the Soviets since the early 1960s. The Sino-Pakistan boundary touches Xinjiang with the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It was in interest of Beijing to conclude a boundary agreement with Pakistan as early as possible for the stability of its area, as a Muslim Pakistan has had a natural religious and cultural bond with the people of Xinjiang. It should be noted that Pakistan signed a civil aviation agreement with China in August 1963. Under this agreement, Pakistani planes were allowed to land in Canton and Shanghai and Pakistan gave permission to Chinese jets for use of the Dacca airport. The United States Government was not happy over this development. The US State Department expressed that this agreement was “an unfortunate breach of the free world solidarity and postponed, subsequently, the granting of a loan of $4.3 million for further improvements of the Dacca airport” (Lerski, 1968). An interesting fact is that, the United States never challenged the Indian bilateralism with the US and USSR (Ibid.).