T-72: Still Useful or Not For The Indian Army To Depend On

[flaming arrow]

T-72 is nothing but JUNK. It should go to JUNKYARD or yankistore of Indian Army.

Some coward EME officers do not report about non-serviceability of T-72 tanks and other junk kept in the mechanized formations of Indian Army.

Interestingly, Indian army chief intends defeating Pakistan and China in one go by launching this junk............. it is extremely funny..........

INDIAN ARMY HAS defeated you n wars,iam sure you knwo about the asal uttar or khemkaran,we were having tanks which were not better then yourss....mind your language next time let make me respond to you in ur fashion about who was coward...
Coming to the point..T-72 no doubt IS junk sorts material but WE are not going to face abhrams or chally...
we have to face sm 340 odd T-80UD and some 220 AL KHALIDS for that we have the T-90 and ARJUN the latter one made the former eat the dust in comparitive trials..now you decide what you plan to do

 

[DESERT FIGHTER]

the most tank is PA's arsenal is T-80 ud and not AK....

Wat r u talking about?numerically or techno wise?
If technology wise then AK is much superior to T-80 UD major modification of simple T-80(Russian) with change turret etc etc.

i have put a good comparison of armour of both t-90 & T-80..

How hard is it to understand tht we arent using the basic T-80 of russian origin?


Sir we are using T80UD with major modifications of T-84 UD
making it a twin brother of T-84 UD....it aint tht hard to understand.
About T90 and AK comparision will be provided soon.

INDIAN ARMY HAS defeated you n wars,iam sure you knwo about the asal uttar or khemkaran,we were having tanks which were not better then yourss....

Again shameless trolling?shame on u and ur little mentality...
Also next time tell ur country to celebrate begging for a ceasefire in Tashkent.......
Also in asal uttar it was ur airforce not ur army against tanks so its again not a brave feet so shame on u for lying...
In khemkaran u won
They call my fathers regiment for khemkaran ki rani not just becoz it has beautifull M109 howitzers coz it melted indian army in khemkaran and chawinda so stop lying and making urself look like a idiotic,foolish good for nothing troll.
Sham on ya for lying and trolling.

anyways coming to the point..T-72 no doubt IS junk sorts material but WE are not going to face abhrams or chally...
we have to face sm 340 odd T-80UD and some 220 AL KHALIDS for that we have the T-90 and ARJUN the latter one made the former eat the dust in comparitive trials..now you decide what you plan to do

:

Yeah ull face 600 AKs...maybe 450 + T 84s (not sure...but i heard about the deal on many chinese and pakistani sources...never know about PA)340 or watever T-80 UD T-84 twins........newer AK-II under developmen and several hundred AL ZARRARs....
And we are going to face wat? an army wit 80-90% blind tanks?220 orwat T-90s hundreds of blind ancient T-72s and vijayantas?and 120 arjunks?
Just love the way some ignorants bluff.

 

[flaming arrow]

Wat r u talking about?numerically or techno wise?
If technology wise then AK is much superior to T-80 UD major modification of simple T-80(Russian) with change turret etc etc.



How hard is it to understand tht we arent using the basic T-80 of russian origin?
Sir we are using T80UD with major modifications of T-84 UD
making it a twin brother of T-84 UD....it aint tht hard to understand.
About T90 and AK comparision will be provided soon.
Thanks

my dear friend please do take the pains of explaining the above bolded part to me..I don not agree with this that pakistani T-80UD IS T-84..also do put some sort of comparison of the armour on board AK

THNKS
REGARDS

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

S A B E R can you elaborate on how al khalid is better in few fields when comapred to T-90 i agree with you on the fact that t-72 is not AL KHALIDS worthy opponent,but T-90 AND ARJUN!!!! eagerly waiting for ur post
cheers

im sorry if u felt that im calling AK to be better than T90 im mearly saying that it is an adversary to watch out for as it have some good abilitys and state of the art tech(but it is not tested against t90 so w wont sau who is better) as is t72 but modren battel field requirments of india is to get somthing better than t72
thnx

 

[flaming arrow]

currently we face three types o tanks from the pakistani side
AL KHALID
T-80UD
AL ZARAR

(Al-Zarar is a modification of our old fleet of Chinese T-59 tanks. And the Chinese T-59 was a Chinese produced version of the Soviet T-54.)

About t-80ud

The T-80UD MBT was designed under the leadership of Nikolay A. Shomin on the basis of the Izdeliye 476 tank and the running gear of the T-80 tank. The T-80UD was the last and the most advanced of the Soviet-designed tanks. The fire-control system enables both the gunner and the commander to fire the main gun and coaxial machine gun. The tank protection is ensured by the combined armour and explosive reactive armour. The tank's multi-fuel two-stroke turbo-piston diesel engine ensures high fuel efficiency and a long cruising range. The engine support systems make it possible to operate the tank at ambient fuel temperatures of up to 55 degrees Centigrade and to ford to a water depth of 1.8 m.

The T-80UD MBT is now in service with Ukraine, Russia and Pakistan. The overall design of the tank was so successful that the Guards Armoured Division located near Moscow (Russia) was equipped with T-80UDs.

The T-80UD MBT was demonstrated and subjected to trials in Pakistan in 1993 and 1995 to meet this country's requirement for a new MBT. In August 1996, Pakistan placed an order with the Ukraine for the supply of 320 T-80UD MBTs with the first batch of 15 vehicles being delivered in March 1997 and with the second batch of 35 following in mid-1997. These are from the stock of 52 T-80UD tanks which were built several years ago but not delivered. The T-80UD production line started again in the Ukraine to enable the remainder of the Pakistani MBT order to be met. In mid-1997, it was not clear as to whether the Ukraine was in a position to build all the subsystems of the T-80UD.

As of late 1997 the well-publicized sale of 320 Ukrainian T-80UD MBTs to Pakistan appeared to be dead in the water. A total of only 35 T-80UDs had been delivered to Pakistan in two separate batches in March and May 1997. These 35 tanks were reportedly drawn from Ukrainian Army stocks and had capabilities below the level agreed to by the two countries. According to Moscow's Kommersant Daily, this apparently caused the Pakistani government to cancel the sale. The Russian government had been publicly against this sale from the very beginning, and has repeatedly refused to supply Ukraine with critical components needed to build the T-80UDs. While the more modern Ukrainian T-84 MBT is “80% Ukrainian-made,” the T-80UD is a largely Russian product. Pakistan had been assured by Ukraine that the contract for the T-80UDs would be honored in spite of pressure and lack of support from Russia.

The final deliveries took place in late 1999. The vehicles of the final batches incorporated many features of the T-84, including an all-welded turret and other improvements. By early 2002 Pakistan had taken delivery of 320 Ukraine-manufactured T-80UD main battle tanks, with orders for 250 more.

The T-80UD MBT armament includes a 125mm gun, 7.62mm coaxial machine gun and 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun. The tank crew is also equipped with sub-machine guns, hand grenades and a signal pistol. The main armament comprises a 125mm KBA3 smoothbore gun fed by a carousel-type automatic loader and fitted with a thermal sleeve and fume extractor (bore evacuator). The main gun has a quick-replacement barrel which can be changed under field conditions without the need to remove the gun from the tank.

The number of rounds that T-80UD could carry is 45 two-piece rounds (projectile and charge), of which 28 rounds are placed in the automatic loader, with the remainder being stored at the driver's station and in the fighting compartment. Types of ammunition that can be fired by the gun include APFSDS (armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot), HEAT (high explosive anti-tank), HE-FRAG (high explosive fragmentation) rounds and laser beam-riding guided missiles.

The specific feature of the tank is that it is fitted with a guided missile system to enable the main gun to fire a laser guided missile with a maximum range of 5,000 m. The missile consists of two parts. The first part includes a pusher and an equipment compartment with control surface device. The second part includes a sustainer engine and a tandem warhead. Both parts are stowed in the automatic loader in the same way as conventional ammunition. The two parts get united into one body in the gun bore at the moment of firing.

The missile can be fired while both the tank and target are moving. The tandem warhead enables the missile to defeat targets fitted with explosive reactive armour with a high degree of efficiency.

Although the primary role of the missile is to engage battle tanks operating at ranges beyond the effective range of the 125mm tank gun firing conventional ammunition, it can also be fired against other battlefield targets such as hovering helicopters and pillboxes.

The coaxial machine gun can be aimed and fired from either gunner's or commander's station.

The anti-aircraft machine gun is mounted on the commander's cupola and is intended for use in the ground/air and ground/ground roles being aimed and fired while remaining in the vehicle under full armour protection from the commander's station. The machine gun can be elevated from -5° to +70° and traversed through +/-75° to the right and left of the vehicle longitudinal axis, or through +360° together with the tank turret. The machine gun is fitted with a vertical stabilisation system providing stabilisation in the vertical angle range of -3° to +20°.

The T-80UD is fitted with an advanced fire control system, and either the gunner or commander can lay and fire the main armament at stationary and moving targets while the tank is stationary or moving with a high first round hit probability.

The fire control system comprises a gunner's 1G46 day sight, gunner's TO1-KO1E night vision system, commander's PNK-4S observation and sighting system, PZU-7 anti-aircraft sight, 1ETs29 anti-aircraft machine gun mount control system, 1V528-1 ballistic computer with input information sensors, 2E42 armament stabiliser and other devices.

The gunner's 1G46 day sight has a two-axis stabilised line of sight and incorporates a laser range-finder and a missile guidance capability. In the standard version the gunner has a TO1-KO1E sighting system with TPN-4E image intensification sight, but as an option, the Buran-Catherine-E thermal imaging sight can be fitted.

The commander's PNK-4S observation and sighting system comprises a commander's TKN-4S combined day/night sight and a gun position sensor. The commander's TKN-4S combined sight is stabilised in the vertical plane and has three channels: a day unity vision channel, a day channel with magnification of x8 and a night channel with magnification of 5.4x. A simple switch enables the commander to change from the daylight channel to the night (image intensification) channel and back again.

The commander's anti-aircraft sight enables the commander to engage air targets by using the anti-aircraft machine gun from within the safety of the turret.

In order to calculate ballistic corrections, the 1V528-1 ballistic computer automatically takes into account all the inputs from the sensors including tank speed, angular target speed, gun trunnion axis cant, crosswind speed, target range, and course angle. Additionally, the following parameters are manually input: ambient air temperature, charge temperature, barrel wear ambient air pressure and so on. The computer also computes the time when the high-explosive fragmentation projectile with controlled detonation should be detonated over the target.

The fire control system has a so-called fire gating capability, i.e., after the gun firing button has been pushed, the gun will only fire when the misalignment between the line of sight and the gun bore axis is within pre-determined limits. The fire gate size is adjusted when calibrating the fire control system after installing it in the tank. To enable a broad sector of terrain to be observed, the crew members are provided with unity magnification periscope vision blocks.

The armor protection of the T-80UD, which includes advanced multi-layer armour and explosive reactive armour package for the turret and chassis, provides to the T-80UD a high level of battlefield survivability. The T-80UD can disguise itself on the battlefield by laying a smoke/aerosol screen. Mounted on either side of the turret is a bank of four electrically operated smoke grenade launchers. The T-80UD can lay its own smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel in the engine exhaust (i.e. by using so-called engine smoke emitter). To reduce the thermal signature of the tank on the battlefield, the T-80UD power pack compartment top deck is fitted with special heat insulation.

The T-80UD is powered by a model 6TD-1 6-cylinder diesel engine developing 1,000 hp. The air inlet of the engine allows air to be ducted from the least dusty quarter and enables water obstacles to be crossed to a water depth of 1.8 m without preparation. There are two parts to the air filtration system, the centrifugal pre-cleaners and the air cleaner casing. This enables the tank to be operated in hot and dusty conditions for up to 1,000 km without a change of filters and to carry out combat under radioactive conditions.

The suspension is of the torsion bar type with each side having six dual rubber-tyred road wheels with the idler at the front, drive sprocket at the rear and track support rollers. The upper part of the suspension is covered by a skirt, the forward part of which is armoured (fitted with explosive reactive armour). A rubber mat hangs at the front of the vehicle and this helps to keep down dust.

The T-80UD MBT standard equipment also includes an NBC system, provision for deep fording, fire detection/suppression system, radiation shielding and a dozer blade mounted under the front of the hull. The NBC protection system protects the crew and inner equipment of the tank against the effects of nuclear explosions, radioactive dust, toxic agents and bacteriological materials. The radiation shielding is designed in the form of liner fixed on both internal and external surfaces of the tank.

The deep fording equipment enables the tank to cross water obstacles to a water depth of 5 m (1.8 m deep water obstacles can be crossed without preparation).

The fire detection/suppression system enables internal fires to be detected and suppressed in both crew compartment and power pack compartment.

The dozer blade enables the tank to dig up a tank caponier within 15-40 minutes depending on the type of ground. The T-80UD can be fitted with various types of mine-clearing system at the front of the hull including KMT-6 plough-type system and KMT-7 roller-type system. Two long-range fuel tanks and an unditching beam can be mounted at the rear of the hull.

The following key support vehicles can also be supplied to provide the T-80UD MBT with technical and logistic support during its operational life: armoured repair and recovery vehicle (based on the T-80UD chassis); armoured vehicle-launched bridge (based on the T-80UD chassis); tracked carrier with a carrying capacity of 12 t (its main sub-assemblies are similar to those of the T-80UD); various tank maintenance mobile workshops (based on the chassis of cross-country vehicles).

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/t-80ud.htm

NOW ABOUT AL KHALID OR TYPE 90 II

The Type 90-II is a third-generation main battle tank (MBT) designed and developed by the China North Vehicle Research Institute (also known as 201 Institute) in Beijing and the Inner-Mongolia First Machinery Group Corporation (also known as (617 Factory) in Baotou, Inner Mongolia for the export market. A further improved model known as MBT-2000 was marketed by NORINCO to the foreign customers in the late 1990s. The tank is built by Pakistan under license as the Al-Khalid.

Programme

The Type 90-II first revealed in 1992 featured a welded turret, a 125mm smoothbore gun with a Russian 2A46’s autoloader, and a 1,200hp diesel engine. The tank was also much heavier than previous Chinese-made MBTs, suggesting a transformation of design principles in the Chinese tanks. The tank received extensive field testing but did not enter production due to lack of interest from either domestic or foreign customers.

201 Institute and 617 Factory continued to improve the Type 90-II by incorporating the tank with a foreign-made engine with better performance and reliability. Initially the French 1,500hp diesel V series engine was considered, but the project (known as Type 90-IIA) was later cancelled due to France joining the arms embargo imposed on Pakistan for its nuclear testing in 1998. A second design powered by a Ukrainian-made 6TD 1,200hp engine later led to the introduction of the Type 90-IIM in 2000. During the 2001 Abu Dhabi Defence Exhibition, the tank was first revealed by NORINCO under its export name MBT2000. The tank has been produced in Pakistan as the Al-Khalid MBT since November 2001.

The Type 90-II is not a totally new design with around 45% of its components coming from current designs. This can be broken down as follows: 10% from the Type 59, 15% from the Type 69, and 20% from the Type 85/88C; the remaining 55% being new components.

The layout of the Type 90-II is conventional, driver's compartment at the front, fighting compartment/turret in the centre, and power pack in the rear. The complete powerpack assembly can be removed in around 30 minutes and in field conditions. Suspension is of the conventional torsion bar type and there are six rubber-tyred roadwheels on each side, the drive sprocket at the rear.

The turret and hull are of all-welded steel armour construction. A layer of composite armour has been added to the front arc and maximum thickness is estimated to be around 600mm on the turret front, and around 450mm on the glacis plate. The armour package is of modular design, enabling damaged sections to be replaced or upgrades installed throughout service life. Explosive reactive armour (ERA) can be fitted if required.

Improved Variant

In 2007, a Chinese magazine revealed a new “enhanced third-generation MBT”, which was believed to be a further improved variant of the MBT-2000. The tank features front arrow-shaped add-on armour modules on the turret, a roof-mounted 14.5mm antiaircraft machine gun similar to the QJG02, and a slightly shorter hull possibly due to the engine being placed latitudinally instead of longitudinally. No further information has been released.

Design

Weapons

Main armament consists of a fully-stabilised 125mm auto-fed smoothbore gun capable of firing various types of ammunition including high explosive, high explosive fragmentation and APFSDS. 39 rounds are carried. The gun may also be capable of firing the Russian 9M119 Refleks (NATO codename: AT-11 Sniper) anti-tank guided missile or its Chinese copy.

Both commander and gunner have roof-mounted stabilised sights fitted with either day/image intensification or day/thermal channels, a laser rangefinder and an auto tracker facility. A computerised fire control system is also fitted as standard.

Second armament includes a 7.62mm co-axial machine gun and a 12.7mm air defence machine gun mounted on the commander's cupola.

Protection

The hull and turret are protected by composite armour plating. The Type 90-II was the first Chinese tank developed from the start with a 'systems approach', that is, it was intended to have components replaced and upgraded. The new turret design contains composite armour in the frontal arc that is designed to be exchangeable when better armour becomes available. Two sets of six-barrel smoke/HE grenade launchers are mounted on the turret sides.

Propulsion

At least four diesel powerpack options have been tested on the Type 90-II/Al Khalid MBT, including two supplied by the Perkins Engine Company and each comprising of a CV-12 Condor diesel of 1,200hp (as fitted in the Challenger 1 and 2), coupled to a French SESM ESM 500 automatic transmission (as installed in the Leclerc).

The Pakistan-manufactured Al Khalid MBT is reported to be fitted with a Ukraine built 6TD diesel (as fitted in the T-80UD). Claimed to be the most compact MBT diesel engines in the world, the 6TD series are two-stroke, liquid cooled and supercharged with horizontal cylinders and opposed pistons. At its current battle weight of 46t, the engine gives the Al Khalid MBT a 26hp/t power-to-weight ratio and a max speed of 72km/h.

Specifications

Crew: 3
Weight: 48t
Engine: Ukraine built 6TD 1,200hp liquid cooled diesel
Transmission: Mechanical, planetary
Track: Metallic with RMSh, with rubber-tyred road wheels
Suspension: Torsion bar
Radio: Receive/transmit, telephone
Dimension: Length: 10.07m; Height: 2.40m; Width: 3.50m
Ground Pressure: 26hp/t
Cruising Range: 450km
Speed: Max road 65km/h; max off-road 45km/h
Fording Depths: 5m with snorkel
Main Gun: Indigenous 125mm smoothbore, 39 rounds
Rate of Fire: 8 rounds/min (autoloader), 1~2 r/min (manual load)
Auxiliary Weapon: One coaxial 7.62mm machine gun; one 12.7mm air-defence machine gun
Fire Control: Laser rangefinder input, onboard computer, wind sensor, and control panel

http://www.sinodefence.com/army/tank/type90.asp

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

Problems with ARJUN have now long been sorted out so please dnt live withis feeling that Arjun is stuill having problmes recent trials it made the T-90 eat dust on all counts firing accuracy,mobility,speed everythinh,the most tank is PA's arsenal is T-80 ud and not AK....i hope yu agree with me on this fact...check out my posts on arjun thread i have put a good comparison of armour of both t-90 & T-80..

i agree witu u 100% but the problem i talked abt is not techinical its political ..IA wants arjun but ll the govt provide enough funds for it to be a frontline tank or defencive wall tha depends on the no inducted an those no depend on govt funding
plz comment

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

currently we face three types o tanks from the pakistani side
AL KHALID
T-80UD
AL ZARAR

(Al-Zarar is a modification of our old fleet of Chinese T-59 tanks. And the Chinese T-59 was a Chinese produced version of the Soviet T-54.)

thats wt im saying IA can modify (not up grade) their t72 to work as force multiplyer to t90 and arjun just as pa is doing with t59 in al zarrar project..

 

[flaming arrow]

i agree witu u 100% but the problem i talked abt is not techinical its political ..IA wants arjun but ll the govt provide enough funds for it to be a frontline tank or defencive wall tha depends on the no inducted an those no depend on govt funding
plz comment

SABER buddy first of all let me tell you i love discussing things specially with ppl like you..my dear friend about arjun your wrong let me tell you how..
see Arjun has seen success after 30 years of hard work,denial and mockery,and ever rising expectation of the INDIAN ARMY....we cannot blame the army that it did not showed keen interest in the project why beacuse 30 yrs.back our R&D was not that good as what we ave today..
DRDO scientist took a very long time in sorting out issue's something which is common when u are reinventing the wheel..
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT ON THE OTHER HAND BELIEVED THAT IS WHY THE FUNDING KEPT COMING isnt it???
Now why we went for T-90 over arjun...when pakistani army purchased T-80 UD, we had simply nothing to counter it at that moment,all we had was our old T-72M, it was not an ideal match..Arjun at that time was still being rejected by the army beacuse of contsant problems back then like the FCS,engine,TI etc....so we chose the T-90 which ws the latest of all T Series....but now the ARJUN has finally come of age drdo PITHCHED IT AGAINST the best of indian army had THAT IS T-90 and go through the arjun thread and see my post how it came out as a winner...

 

[flaming arrow]

currently we face three types o tanks from the pakistani side
AL KHALID
T-80UD
AL ZARAR

(Al-Zarar is a modification of our old fleet of Chinese T-59 tanks. And the Chinese T-59 was a Chinese produced version of the Soviet T-54.)

thats wt im saying IA can modify (not up grade) their t72 to work as force multiplyer to t90 and arjun just as pa is doing with t59 in al zarrar project..

Dear friend,upgrading is nothing but modifications....you heard our general saying that our old T-72 are night blind,that was nothing else but an indication tat we are going to upgrade it close upto t-90 level..the upgradation work is already going on

 

[DESERT FIGHTER]

my dear friend please do take the pains of explaining the above bolded part to me..I don not agree with this that pakistani T-80UD IS T-84..also do put some sort of comparison of the armour on board AK

THNKS
REGARDS

AK now has 2 versions while third AK is under development...not much is known about it coz of policies of Pakistan Army...but its rumoured tht it will be a all new different tank...maybe as some sources say close to ALTAY under development by turkey.
Also some sources suggest PA has around 500 AKs all being modified to AK-I version.....
Al-Khalid I – Upgraded variant in testing as of April 2009. Ammunition capacity increased to 49 125 mm rounds, 1,500 12.7 mm rounds and 7,100 7.62 mm rounds. Incorporates modifications made to the fire-control system, sensors, IBMS, side-skirts, track pads, auto-loader (rate of fire increased to 9 rounds per minute), Ukrainian Varta electro-optical jammer (disrupts laser rangefinders, laser designators and anti-tank guided missile tracking systems), Sagem third-generation thermal imagers and improved air conditioning system.....
AK Basic version stats=
Weight 47 t (52 short tons)[1]
Length 10.07 m (33.0 ft)
Width 3.50 m (11.5 ft)
Height 2.40 m (7.9 ft)
Crew 3
Armour Composite armour, RHA, ERA[2]
Primary
armament 125 mm smoothbore gun, 39 rds
Secondary
armament 7.62 mm coaxial MG, 3000 rds
12.7 mm external AA MG, 500 rds[3]
Engine KMDB 6TD-2 6-cylinder diesel
1,200 hp (890 kW)
Power/weight 26.7 hp/tonne
Transmission SESM ESM500 5-speed automatic
Suspension Torsion bars, hydraulic dampers
Operational
range 450 km (combat range)
Speed 72 km/h
Armament
Al-Khalid is designed with a 125 mm (length: 48 calibers) smoothbore, auto-frettaged and chrome-plated gun barrel which can fire the following types of conventional ammunition: APFSDS, HEAT-FS and HE-FS. Gun-launched, laser-guided anti-tank guided missiles can also be launched and two types are believed to be in use on the Al-Khalid, the Russian-designed 9M119 Refleks (AT-11 Sniper and the Ukrainian-designed Kombat, which may have been modified in Pakistan to incorporate a larger warhead.

Al-Khalid also fires a Pakistani DU round, the Naiza 125 mm DU round (armor penetration: 550 mm in RHA at 2 km). Al-Khalid is equipped with a muzzle reference system and dual-axis stabilization system. Elevation and azimuth control is achieved by electro-hydraulic power drives. The automatic ammunition-handling system for the main gun has a 24-round ready-to-fire magazine and can load and fire at a rate of eight rounds per minute.

The tank is also equipped with a 7.62 mm-coaxial machine gun, a 12.7 mm externally-mounted air-defence machine gun that can be aimed/fired from within the tank and smoke grenade launchers.

The gunner is provided with a dual magnification day sight and the commander with a panoramic sight for all-around independent surveillance. Both sights are dual-axis image stabilized and have independent laser range-finders. The commander has the ability to acquire a target independently while the gunner is engaging another one thus giving it true hunter-killer capability. The automatic target-tracking system is designed to work when tank and target are both moving. Night vision for the gunner and commander is achieved through a dual-magnification thermal imaging sight. Both sights are integrated with the fire-control system. The production Al-Khalid tank has a fire-control system of western origin. In the MBT 2000, the Chinese Norinco fire-control system has inputs from ten sensors. The ballistic computation time is less than one second. The manufacturer claims routine first round hits on standard 8 ft (2.4 m) square targets at ranges over 2,000 meters.

Effective range: 200 m to 7,000 m
Sensor: laser ranging from 200 m to 9,990 m
French Auto-tracking, interfaced with gunner station, firing four types of munitions, gunner's thermal imaging sight, commander's image intensification night vision sight, gyro-stabilized and UPS power supply system. Although prototypes were demonstrated with various fire-control systems of Chinese and western origin, the production model Al-Khalid MBTs use a Western fire-control system (FCS) and gun control system (GCS).
The tank is equipped with the "Integrated Battlefield Management System" (IBMS), named 'Rehbar', a digital communications system developed domestically by HIT and CARE (Centre for Advanced Research in Engineering).[20] It comprises a flat-screen display mounted inside the tank which communicates with those of other vehicles, including command posts such as the HIT Sakb. It uses a data-link to facilitate secure communication of battlefield information between units, including tank video footage and information from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

Mobility
The production model Al-Khalid is powered by a 6TD-2 liquid-cooled diesel engine, designed by the Kharkiv Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB) of Ukraine. The 6TD-2 is a supercharged 6-cylinder engine delivering 1,200 horsepower. The 2-stroke design, with the pistons arranged horizontally in an opposed piston configuration, makes the engine very compact and therefore more suitable for being fitted into relatively small vehicles such as the Al-Khalid MBT.

The 6TD-2 engine drives a French-designed hydro-mechanical automatic transmission, the SESM ESM500, also fitted to the Leclerc MBT. Capable of manual and fully automatic power-shifting, the transmission has 5 forward and 2 reverse speeds along with a braking system that incorporates carbon friction brakes and a secondary speed-retarding system. Gear shifts are controlled by a torque converter which is made more efficient by addition of an automatic lock-up clutch. There is also a mechanical back-up system for use in emergencies, able to shift 2 gears forward and reverse.

The suspension consists of torsion bars, hydraulic dampers and buffers, who's role is to provide a stable firing platform while the tank is moving at speed over rough terrain and as smooth a ride as possible to reduce crew fatigue. The tracks are mounted on six dual wheels with rubber tyres, a drive sprocket at the rear and an idler at the front. They are protected by side skirts, the forward sections of which can be fitted with explosive reactive armour, and track wear is reduced by replaceable rubber track pads.
The Al-Khalid is fairly lightweight by Western standards, weighing 46 tonnes compared to the 60 tonne M1 Abrams and Leopard 2. A power-to-weight ratio of 26.66 hp/tonne gives acceleration from 0 to 32 km/h (0 to 20 mph) in 10 seconds and a maximum speed of 70 km/h, the speed and agility also helping to improve survivability.

A snorkel allows the tank to cross water obstacles up to 5 meters deep, after some preparation by the crew. Navigation is assisted by an inertial navigation system (INS) and a GPS satellite navigation system.
Protection
Al-Khalid has modular composite armour and explosive reactive armour, nuclear-biological-chemical defences, an effective thermal smoke generator, internal fire extinguisher and explosion-suppression system. The infra-red signature of the tank is reduced by infra-red reflective paint.
An advanced laser detection system from Al Technique Corporation (ATCOP) is present, the ATCOP LTS 1 laser threat warning system developed by Institute of Industrial Control Systems.[23] LTS 1 consists of a mast-mounted sensor and operator's control box, which includes a display showing threats 360 degrees around the tank. It can detect laser rangefinders and laser target designators as well as respond automatically by triggering acoustic alarms, smoke generators and other countermeasure systems. LTS 1 can detect laser devices operating in the 0.8 to 1.06 µm waveband, has a 360° field of view in azimuth (resolution of 15°) and a field of view in elevation of -15° to +90°. Operating voltage is 12 V or 24 V DC nominal with power consumption being 8 W nominal. The sensor head is 165 mm in diameter and 35 mm high while the control box is 80 x 130 x 55 mm in size.

Its features make for the protection armour which is fairly good enough though AK-I has better armour...as said bu HIT officials.500 are said to be in service.
About T-80 UD it is different be it the turret of T-84 and other features of T-84.So calling it basic russian 1973 introdued T-80 would be an insult also it reached Pakistan till 2002 completely with UKRANIAN modifications from engine,turret.gun to Kombat missiles etc etc
I hope flaming arrow got his answer................T95-II was liscened to Pakistan but we only used its hull ,design,gun,avionics,FCs,IBS,jammers,night vision,engine etc etc everything is different so by calling it chinese ur insultinh HITs hard work and labour to develop a 3rd gen tank.

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

SABER buddy first of all let me tell you i love discussing things specially with ppl like you..my dear friend about arjun your wrong let me tell you how..
see Arjun has seen success after 30 years of hard work,denial and mockery,and ever rising expectation of the INDIAN ARMY....we cannot blame the army that it did not showed keen interest in the project why beacuse 30 yrs.back our R&D was not that good as what we ave today..
DRDO scientist took a very long time in sorting out issue's something which is common when u are reinventing the wheel..
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT ON THE OTHER HAND BELIEVED THAT IS WHY THE FUNDING KEPT COMING isnt it???
Now why we went for T-90 over arjun...when pakistani army purchased T-80 UD, we had simply nothing to counter it at that moment,all we had was our old T-72M, it was not an ideal match..Arjun at that time was still being rejected by the army beacuse of contsant problems back then like the FCS,engine,TI etc....so we chose the T-90 which ws the latest of all T Series....but now the ARJUN has finally come of age drdo PITHCHED IT AGAINST the best of indian army had THAT IS T-90 and go through the arjun thread and see my post how it came out as a winner...

sir i agree its a gud tank and army is intrested but still its expensive and already with many t 90 inducted and more on order i think induction of arjun ll be in less no ..in 5 years ill say 220 to 250 arjuns ..but still them and t 90 combined r less in no (although are formidable foes) still in a senario like cold start where u need deep strike in enemy land the current no of t9 and expected no af arjun alone canot do the trick the problem of force thinning will take over causing these monsters to be flanked and destroyed thus my argument is force enhancement through tanks better then t72 that can protect the rear of these guys in any senario or condition...t59 were upgraded to al zarrar for the same reason ...
plz comment

 

[flaming arrow]

sir i agree its a gud tank and army is intrested but still its expensive and already with many t 90 inducted and more on order i think induction of arjun ll be in less no ..in 5 years ill say 220 to 250 arjuns ..but still them and t 90 combined r less in no (although are formidable foes) still in a senario like cold start where u need deep strike in enemy land the current no of t9 and expected no af arjun alone canot do the trick the problem of force thinning will take over causing these monsters to be flanked and destroyed thus my argument is force enhancement through tanks better then t72 that can protect the rear of these guys in any senario or condition...t59 were upgraded to al zarrar for the same reason ...
plz comment

SABER,Arjun's cost is nearl to the cost of a T-90,money is not a problem for us let me explain to you the ur questions one by one

in any army which has big armoured formations their are 3 types of tanks which are kept in the inventory:
1.THE FRONT LINE TANKS WHICH ARE THE BEST T-90 AND ARJUN
2.SECOND LINE OF TANKS OLD BUT UPGRADED
THEY ARE THE BACKBONE BEACUSE OF THERE SHEER LARGER NO..
WE HAVE T-72M(UPGRADED FOR THAT)
3. OLD TANK WHICH ARE NO LESS THEN CANNON FODDER IN
FRONT OF ADVERSORIES MBT WE HAVE T-55,they are kept for
emegeny..specially in indian war theatre where in we are preparing
against china and pakistan..

pakistan's front line tanks are AK AND T-80UD,iam aware of the ak mk2 version but then from little of wht i knw frm my sources its more on paper assumption of number as high 500 is also a question(lets not get int it)

now about arjun tanks currently in our force
124 are already with us according to the first batch ordered
AVADI CAN PRODUCE A MAXIMUM OF 60 ARJUS PER ANNUM
that makes it like this in 5 years 5x60=300 tanks ad to that 124 already existing it is 424 ARJUN TANKS BY 2015
NOW ABOUT T-90..i cannot comment on how many bu the number is just a bitmore then 500,6 new regiments will be inducted by this yaers end..
now by 2018-2020 the design of both arjun and T-90 wil become obsolete...for that we are going to jointly manufacture a FMBT
so you see things are done in a methodical manner,keeping in mind the changing tech and future war theatre
regards

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

SABER,Arjun's cost is nearl to the cost of a T-90,money is not a problem for us let me explain to you the ur questions one by one

in any army which has big armoured formations their are 3 types of tanks which are kept in the inventory:
1.THE FRONT LINE TANKS WHICH ARE THE BEST T-90 AND ARJUN
2.SECOND LINE OF TANKS OLD BUT UPGRADED
THEY ARE THE BACKBONE BEACUSE OF THERE SHEER LARGER NO..
WE HAVE T-72M(UPGRADED FOR THAT)
3. OLD TANK WHICH ARE NO LESS THEN CANNON FODDER IN
FRONT OF ADVERSORIES MBT WE HAVE T-55,they are kept for
emegeny..specially in indian war theatre where in we are preparing
against china and pakistan..

pakistan's front line tanks are AK AND T-80UD,iam aware of the ak mk2 version but then from little of wht i knw frm my sources its more on paper assumption of number as high 500 is also a question(lets not get int it)

now about arjun tanks currently in our force
124 are already with us according to the first batch ordered
AVADI CAN PRODUCE A MAXIMUM OF 60 ARJUS PER ANNUM
that makes it like this in 5 years 5x60=300 tanks ad to that 124 already existing it is 424 ARJUN TANKS BY 2015
NOW ABOUT T-90..i cannot comment on how many bu the number is just a bitmore then 500,6 new regiments will be inducted by this yaers end..
now by 2018-2020 the design of both arjun and T-90 wil become obsolete...for that we are going to jointly manufacture a FMBT
so you see things are done in a methodical manner,keeping in mind the changing tech and future war theatre
regards

i m awar of this formation as u can read in my previous post this is exacitaly wt im trying to say ..abt AK mk2 its not on paper HIT have already built a prototype(source canot be confirmed due to army regulations) but im not considering that tank yet because it not there in service ...arjun after a long time have shown its true capibility but the amount u say to be inducted by 2015 is a little too much plz if u have any source do enlighten my knowlege with it.ill say top no of 350 arjun to be inducted by 5 year span y because IM is already too preocupied in many different projects

i interviewed a contact in PA armour and he told me that PA is actually anticipating IA armour development for t72 came t80ud for t90 came AK for arjun AK 1 is ready and for tank x AK2 ll be prepaired he said current capabilitys of AK 1 known by the public r wery shallow..and huge upgrades to t80ud enshure its survival in a possible combat against t90....no matter how much we discuss the reallitys of both armys ll be a secret to be honest even the cockpit of AK is kept frm public due to some very heigh tech stuff inside..

 

[flaming arrow]

i m awar of this formation as u can read in my previous post this is exacitaly wt im trying to say ..abt AK mk2 its not on paper HIT have already built a prototype(source canot be confirmed due to army regulations) but im not considering that tank yet because it not there in service ...arjun after a long time have shown its true capibility but the amount u say to be inducted by 2015 is a little too much plz if u have any source do enlighten my knowlege with it.ill say top no of 350 arjun to be inducted by 5 year span y because IM is already too preocupied in many different projects

i interviewed a contact in PA armour and he told me that PA is actually anticipating IA armour development for t72 came t80ud for t90 came AK for arjun AK 1 is ready and for tank x AK2 ll be prepaired he said current capabilitys of AK 1 known by the public r wery shallow..and huge upgrades to t80ud enshure its survival in a possible combat against t90....no matter how much we discuss the reallitys of both armys ll be a secret to be honest even the cockpit of AK is kept frm public due to some very heigh tech stuff inside..

as u said that a maximum nunber of arjun to be inducted will be around 350 so tell me where did i miss
any ways i said we already have 124 arjuns with us any further order will increase the number see read this the chap ajay shukla is an ex colonel and frm armoured corps
Army to purchase more Arjun tanks

Business Standard had reported (Arjun tank outruns, outguns T-90, March 25, 2010) that the Arjun tank had conclusively outperformed the Russian T-90 — the army’s current frontline MBT — in trials conducted in early March by the Bikaner-based 180 Armoured Brigade.

The army is still evaluating that trial report to decide how many additional Arjuns it should order, over and above the existing order of 124 tanks. But, the question before the army is no longer whether to order more Arjuns; rather, it is how many to order? Highly placed Ministry of Defence (MoD) sources confirm that the army is moving away from its staunch opposition to the Arjun.

The DRDO, meanwhile, is working overtime to sweeten the deal. S Sundaresh, the DRDO’s Chief Controller for Armaments and Combat Engineering, has told Business Standard, that all Arjuns now ordered will fire anti-tank guided missiles through the tank’s main gun; provide extra protection for the tank’s crew through explosive reactive armour, or ERA; be fitted with thermal imaging panoramic sights that allow the Arjun’s commander to scan his surroundings even by night; and incorporate at least seven other improvements over the current Arjuns.

“We had test-fired the Israeli LAHAT missile through the Arjun gun as far back as in 2005”, pointed out Sundaresh. “It will take us about six months to integrate the LAHAT’s designator into the Arjun’s fire control system.”

The addition of two tonnes of ERA will increase the weight of the Arjun to just over 60 tonnes, making it one of the world’s heaviest tanks. But, the DRDO claims that its powerful 1,500-Horse Power engine easily handles the extra weight.

“The ERA will protect the Arjun’s crews from enemy missiles. Initially we will fit the same Russian ERA that protects the T-90 and the T-72. But, we will also develop our own indigenous ERA.”

An early order from the army would be crucial, says the DRDO, for continuity in the Arjun production line at the Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) near Chennai. The current order of 124 Arjuns will occupy the production line until end-2011. For the next order of Arjuns to hit the production line then, the order would have to be placed now. That would allow 18 months for provisioning of components, such as armour sheets and sub-systems that are manufactured by ancillary suppliers. That period also caters for the purchase of foreign systems, eg the engine from MTU, Germany.

“Continuity is vital for quality control”, explain officials from HVF Avadi. “We have instituted systems for quality control in the current order of Arjuns, which is why they performed so reliably during trials. These systems will wither away if the production line shuts down for lack of orders.”

Since the Arjun’s assembly takes 12-18 months, a fresh order of Arjuns will start being delivered 30-36 months after the order is placed. Thereafter, HVF will deliver 30 Arjuns per year if it operates with just one shift of workers; 50 tanks per year with two shifts.

i interviewed a contact in PA armour and he told me that PA is actually anticipating IA armour development for t72 came t80ud for t90 came AK for arjun AK 1 is ready and for tank x AK2 ll be prepaired he said current capabilitys of AK 1 known by the public r wery shallow..and huge upgrades to t80ud enshure its survival in a possible combat against t90....no matter how much we discuss the reallitys of both armys ll be a secret to be honest even the cockpit of AK is kept frm public due to some very heigh tech stuff inside..

ok the PA officer fairly pointed out the competition
now i would refrain from saying that my tank is better then urs beacuse if will invite the flame and the soul purpose of this discussion will be lost..people in layman terms knw wht all tanks are good..yes good electronic equipment may go in inside
just for example the ANY TANK WHICH IN A PERIMETER OF NEAR 8 KM AROUND ARJUN IS A POTENTIAL TARGET ARJUN FIRES DEADLY ANTI TANK LAHAT MISSILE AND WITH T-90 THE RANGE IS 5 KM...PA TANKS FIRE MISSILES???

above is the pic of arjun firing LAHAT
now you pointed out many secret equipment goes inside the AK pics cant be shwn..well as you have not seen the interior ergonomics of AL KHALID HAVE A LOOK AT THE PICS OF UR TANK

 

[S-A-B-E-R->]

as u said that a maximum nunber of arjun to be inducted will be around 350 so tell me where did i miss
any ways i said we already have 124 arjuns with us any further order will increase the number see read this the chap ajay shukla is an ex colonel and frm armoured corps
Army to purchase more Arjun tanks




ok the PA officer fairly pointed out the competition
now i would refrain from saying that my tank is better then urs beacuse if will invite the flame and the soul purpose of this discussion will be lost..people in layman terms knw wht all tanks are good..yes good electronic equipment may go in inside
just for example the ANY TANK WHICH IN A PERIMETER OF NEAR 8 KM AROUND ARJUN IS A POTENTIAL TARGET ARJUN FIRES DEADLY ANTI TANK LAHAT MISSILE AND WITH T-90 THE RANGE IS 5 KM...PA TANKS FIRE MISSILES???

above is the pic of arjun firing LAHAT
now you pointed out many secret equipment goes inside the AK pics cant be shwn..well as you have not seen the interior ergonomics of AL KHALID HAVE A LOOK AT THE PICS OF UR TANK

i may have missed but i ment AK 1 i already have not only seen but also sat inside AK..AK1 exterios can be seen in hit but still its internal sys is a mistery..ppl may say they know but actually no info shown abt AK1 on internet is correct(same source)