I remember our friend Suvorov making much the same point about Russian political leadership, whether it was the Tsars or the Bolsheviks or Stalin, and now Putin continuing a Russian tradition of ego-dominated autocrats.
Imagine what Russia could have been like today if instead of Putin someone like Navalny had succeeded Yeltsin. With the oil revenues earned while the prices were high Russia could have truly prospered, diversifying their economy, investing more in infrastructure and a larger manufacturing base and high tech industries. Without the need of an ego creating imaginary enemies, a Navalny type leader could have even made Russia an EU member and possibly joined Nato, becoming a responsible member of the European and international community.
Instead, they have the man who has led them into this mess, and there doesn't seem to be a way out for them
We do have histories of countries that changed leaderships that ended up changes of their natures, but the common denominator seems to be size, as in the smaller the country, the easier it is to change, not guaranteed, but just easier. SKR, JPN, Singapore that have the reputation of being the only successful 'benevolent dictatorship' under Lee Kuan Yew, just a few in Asia. Europe post WW II radically changed. Not all of them at the same time, but changed nevertheless. There are plenty of public analyses from academic to popular authors pointing to the same conclusion that the issue is not the nature of leadership but how easy it is to change, from a 'bad' government to a 'good' one, and vice versa. Geopolitical borders have always been the dominant factor in creating the initial impression of how 'great' is a country, which of course, influence political leaders in supporting that impression. The sheer geography of Russia seems to be the blockage for change.
Gorbachev did not break up the Soviet Union but his policies enabled that dissolution. Yeltsin ended up with 'only' Russia, and Russia proper was no small matter to start, and managed to maintain the status quo, probably because he was too drunk to think of anything larger. Putin came from the Soviet era and he never knew 'only' Russia. It looks like Russia need leaders who know 'only' Russia. A tragic past compels the people not to replicate that past, but there are plenty of Russians who do not believe the Soviet era was tragic and that given the scope of Soviet presence in the world, that past was 'glorious'. What is an ambitious and nascent leader to do with such a bloc? Ignore them? Hardly. I do not think that Navalny or similar reformists can ignore them. Placate them? With what? How about we bring back Ukraine? After all, the Ukrainians are our cultural and genetic cousins, right? Ukraine maybe a military gamble, but not an intellectual one for Putin. Or anyone like him, for that matter.
Russia cannot expand into Asia, China will see to that containment. That leave westward expansion. The EU and NATO must get stronger, economically and militarily. The world know 'only' China, 'only' the US, and so on. But the Russian people have two entries in their collective intellect: Russia and the Soviet Union. To be blunt about it, if the world allows Russia to chose, the Soviet Union
WILL reincarnate into something new.