Research Papers: Pakistani Aerospace Technologies

[Bilal Khan (Quwa)]

Army Watches.
Air Force Talks.
Navy Shows.

@JamD in 3 weeks: "Conceptual design nuclear-powered AUUV with VL-LACM capability."

 

[JamD]

______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

 

[Bilal Khan (Quwa)]

There's a lot of sensor-based stuff it seems. I wonder if NRDI et.al are going to closely work with Aselsan, Havelsan, etc on next-gen subsystems. Perhaps there's more to the 3 upgraded Agosta 90Bs than simply deploying more modern systems? Possible test-beds?

 

[JamD]

__________________________________________________________________

Platform Design House = Pakistan Navy

_________________________________________________________________________

One Pakistani guy in there is probably SPD
______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________
Ok now I will post all of the other fun stuff that I've found.
______________________________________________________________________________________

 

[JamD]

_______________________________________________________________________
Work by SUPARCO on SAR Satellite

_____________________________________________________________________

 

[Bilal Khan (Quwa)]

__________________________________________________________________
View attachment 793637
Platform Design House = Pakistan Navy
View attachment 793639
_________________________________________________________________________
View attachment 793640
One Pakistani guy in there is probably SPD
______________________________________________________________
View attachment 793642
View attachment 793643
_______________________________________
Ok now I will post all of the other fun stuff that I've found.
______________________________________________________________________________________
View attachment 793645
View attachment 793646
View attachment 793647

1. Okay, that glider is dope. It's really cool that they're collaborating with researchers from China. I hope we get an XLUUV based on that concept.

2. The auto-tracking project may explain the PN's preference for AAG CIWS instead of PDMS on its new ships.

I think EO-based auto-tracking could also spillover into Counter-UAS applications too as it'd make deploying a directed energy weapon system (DEWS) way, way easier. Imagine an auto-tracker that can visually pick-out UAS' from a long-distance and, in turn direct the DEWS automatically.

 

[JamD]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Anyone else see a Babur?

 

[Bilal Khan (Quwa)]

_____________________________________________________________________________________
View attachment 793655
Anyone else see a Babur?
View attachment 793656
View attachment 793657

 

[JamD]

___________________________________________________________________________
Hmmmm

____________________________________________________________________

Xband
____________________________________________________________________

Is that you Azm MALE's landing gear?

 

[JamD]

______________________________________________________________

 

[JamD]

______________________________________________________________
View attachment 793670

There are way too many papers for me to post so I am just posting titles. Summary: PAF's biggest (based on research output) project seems to be an X-band fighter AESA radar.

This is mostly gibberish to me because I don't know this stuff. Perhaps @Signalian can comment on these papers if there's anything to comment on how serious this stuff actually looks.

An X-Band Coupled Lined Based Channel Failure Detection Mechanism For Active Phased Arrays

Active phased arrays are mainly used in radars providing exceptional detection, targeting, tracking, and self-protection capabilities. In these radars, every element has its own Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which makes the system more reliable. However, a detection mechanism is considered...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

___________________________________________________________

Design of High-Performance X-Band Monopulse Comparator for Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Monopulse Comparator is one of the core components in development of RF front-end of the tracking radars and therefore widely employed in active phased array radars. Thus, active phased array system are progressively becoming the norm for airborne radars imposing stringent requirement on...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

_______________________________________________________________

Design of 15W X-Band GaN Based Transmit / Receive Module for Airborne Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Transmit / Receive module (TRM) is the core component that addresses key requirements of next generation Active Electronically Scanned Array Radars i.e. multifarious functionality, modularity and scalability. Furthermore, ostensible requirements of miniaturization, wideband performance...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

________________________________________________________

Target Parameter Estimation in Reduced Dimension STAP for Airborne Phased Array Radar

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is an integral part of modern airborne phased array radars for slow-moving target detection. Conventional Pulse-Doppler radars estimate target parameters from the range-Doppler map. The estimated bearing of a target is limited by antenna beamwidth. STAP...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

______________________________________________________

Co-site Antenna Interference Analysis on Aerial Platform

Co-site antenna interference normally occurs when multiple transmitting and receiving RF systems are installed close to each other. This interference may be wideband or broadband or in the form of intermodulation, harmonics and noise. It is common to find various individual wireless systems...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

This is probably work for Azm MALE (not AESA radar) even though they've used an MQ-9 CAD model for some reason.

_________________________________________________________________

Miniaturized Grounded Co-planar Waveguide Based X-Band Equal Split Wilkinson Power Divider for AESA Application

Wilkinson Power Divider is extensively used in the development of RF-Front End of AESA Radar. Significant work has been done to design Wilkinson power dividers (WPD) to feed sub-arrays of radars for beam-forming application. Many topologies have already been proposed in the literature to reduce...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

__________________________________________________________________________

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/11/1896/pdf

There are way too many papers for me to post so I am just posting titles. Summary: PAF's biggest (based on research output) project seems to be an X-band fighter AESA radar.

This is mostly gibberish to me because I don't know this stuff. Perhaps @Signalian can comment on these papers if there's anything to comment on how serious this stuff actually looks.

An X-Band Coupled Lined Based Channel Failure Detection Mechanism For Active Phased Arrays

Active phased arrays are mainly used in radars providing exceptional detection, targeting, tracking, and self-protection capabilities. In these radars, every element has its own Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which makes the system more reliable. However, a detection mechanism is considered...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

___________________________________________________________

Design of High-Performance X-Band Monopulse Comparator for Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Monopulse Comparator is one of the core components in development of RF front-end of the tracking radars and therefore widely employed in active phased array radars. Thus, active phased array system are progressively becoming the norm for airborne radars imposing stringent requirement on...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

_______________________________________________________________

Design of 15W X-Band GaN Based Transmit / Receive Module for Airborne Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Transmit / Receive module (TRM) is the core component that addresses key requirements of next generation Active Electronically Scanned Array Radars i.e. multifarious functionality, modularity and scalability. Furthermore, ostensible requirements of miniaturization, wideband performance...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

________________________________________________________

Target Parameter Estimation in Reduced Dimension STAP for Airborne Phased Array Radar

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is an integral part of modern airborne phased array radars for slow-moving target detection. Conventional Pulse-Doppler radars estimate target parameters from the range-Doppler map. The estimated bearing of a target is limited by antenna beamwidth. STAP...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

______________________________________________________

Co-site Antenna Interference Analysis on Aerial Platform

Co-site antenna interference normally occurs when multiple transmitting and receiving RF systems are installed close to each other. This interference may be wideband or broadband or in the form of intermodulation, harmonics and noise. It is common to find various individual wireless systems...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

This is probably work for Azm MALE (not AESA radar) even though they've used an MQ-9 CAD model for some reason.

_________________________________________________________________

Miniaturized Grounded Co-planar Waveguide Based X-Band Equal Split Wilkinson Power Divider for AESA Application

Wilkinson Power Divider is extensively used in the development of RF-Front End of AESA Radar. Significant work has been done to design Wilkinson power dividers (WPD) to feed sub-arrays of radars for beam-forming application. Many topologies have already been proposed in the literature to reduce...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

__________________________________________________________________________

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/11/1896/pdf

@Bilal Khan (Quwa) contrary to what many of us were thinking, this does not look like just a systems integration exercise. There seems to be work on the actual T/R modules too.

 

[JamD]

Just an observation:
This thread should serve as a display of all the untapped potential that exists in Pakistan's aerospace R&D. Just imagine the things that we can do if this is properly channeled. It makes me extremely happy that such talent exists. Most of these people are doing this work in conditions that don't encourage such type of work. They are doing it against the flow. And then it makes me extremely sad that we don't have the industries to absorb this talent. Rant over.

 

[Raider 21]

Just an observation:
This thread should serve as a display of all the untapped potential that exists in Pakistan's aerospace R&D. Just imagine the things that we can do if this is properly channeled. It makes me extremely happy that such talent exists. Most of these people are doing this work in conditions that don't encourage such type of work. They are doing it against the flow. And then it makes me extremely sad that we don't have the industries to absorb this talent. Rant over.

There is also a link here for non-Pak related engineering papers and researches related to defence. A good amount of reading for those who are interested.

And I largely agree, there is scope, but no solid direction........as we had a saying in one of the Viper squadrons that manpower itself is as good as STANEVAL (Standards & Evaluation).

 

[Signalian]

There are way too many papers for me to post so I am just posting titles. Summary: PAF's biggest (based on research output) project seems to be an X-band fighter AESA radar.

This is mostly gibberish to me because I don't know this stuff. Perhaps @Signalian can comment on these papers if there's anything to comment on how serious this stuff actually looks.

View attachment 793674
View attachment 793675
View attachment 793676

An X-Band Coupled Lined Based Channel Failure Detection Mechanism For Active Phased Arrays

Active phased arrays are mainly used in radars providing exceptional detection, targeting, tracking, and self-protection capabilities. In these radars, every element has its own Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which makes the system more reliable. However, a detection mechanism is considered...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

___________________________________________________________

Design of High-Performance X-Band Monopulse Comparator for Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Monopulse Comparator is one of the core components in development of RF front-end of the tracking radars and therefore widely employed in active phased array radars. Thus, active phased array system are progressively becoming the norm for airborne radars imposing stringent requirement on...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

View attachment 793677

_______________________________________________________________

Design of 15W X-Band GaN Based Transmit / Receive Module for Airborne Active Phased Array Radar Applications

Transmit / Receive module (TRM) is the core component that addresses key requirements of next generation Active Electronically Scanned Array Radars i.e. multifarious functionality, modularity and scalability. Furthermore, ostensible requirements of miniaturization, wideband performance...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

View attachment 793678
View attachment 793679
View attachment 793680


________________________________________________________

Target Parameter Estimation in Reduced Dimension STAP for Airborne Phased Array Radar

Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is an integral part of modern airborne phased array radars for slow-moving target detection. Conventional Pulse-Doppler radars estimate target parameters from the range-Doppler map. The estimated bearing of a target is limited by antenna beamwidth. STAP...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

View attachment 793681

______________________________________________________

Co-site Antenna Interference Analysis on Aerial Platform

Co-site antenna interference normally occurs when multiple transmitting and receiving RF systems are installed close to each other. This interference may be wideband or broadband or in the form of intermodulation, harmonics and noise. It is common to find various individual wireless systems...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

This is probably work for Azm MALE (not AESA radar) even though they've used an MQ-9 CAD model for some reason.
View attachment 793682
View attachment 793683


_________________________________________________________________

Miniaturized Grounded Co-planar Waveguide Based X-Band Equal Split Wilkinson Power Divider for AESA Application

Wilkinson Power Divider is extensively used in the development of RF-Front End of AESA Radar. Significant work has been done to design Wilkinson power dividers (WPD) to feed sub-arrays of radars for beam-forming application. Many topologies have already been proposed in the literature to reduce...

ieeexplore.ieee.org

View attachment 793684
View attachment 793685



__________________________________________________________________________

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/11/1896/pdf

View attachment 793688

@Bilal Khan (Quwa) contrary to what many of us were thinking, this does not look like just a systems integration exercise. There seems to be work on the actual T/R modules too.

I read the first paper about design of AESA radar.

Frankly, PDF members would want a 1000 km looking radar tracking 100 targets and engaging 50 of those with BUR (Beyond Universe Range) Missiles. Same with S-400, that its capable of detecting anything at 400 km radius or even more, well radar doesn't work like this. Every radar has short comings, no matter how powerful it is. I still laugh at one Indian members comment about S-400," if it flies, it dies", sure mate, S-400 is God made system right.

Anyways, back to paper, radar requirements such as search, track, high target density, environment and system integration giving performance out as peak transmit power, antenna gain, and Noise Figure (NF) including processing (data) throughput, mission software, diagnostics software, and signal processing software. These are fundamentals. Any moving platform (a/c) requires additional air-to air and air-to-surface radar functions or modes. The main features to look in radar are Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), minimum
detection rage, transmit and receive peak power, and antenna gain. All these are calculated theoretically first and then a hardware(antenna leading to radar) is built around them. As we move on further for designing a modern radar, more requirements come up like Terrain collision avoidance, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS).

Okay then they talk about fighter air to air mode and air to surface mode. They do analysis of trade offs using size, power, weight etc for selection of appropriate operating frequency, waveform, radar coverage, receiver operating characteristics, search design, tracking architectures, and target classifiers in the radar design. Jumping onto Radar Open Structure Architecture (ROSA) is based on modular Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) components. This ROSA is a basic system referenced from another article. They discuss T/R modules and other restrictions on radars which is again referenced from other papers and then jump from hardware to radar control computer (RCC), radar operating software (ROS), and radar task scheduler (RTS). Then talk about already existing AESA radars.

There is nothing PROPOSED in this paper. They are merely discussing what is already out there. Radar is a technical subject, at least, they should have proposed a new technical design of just one module of radar. No equations for calculations to back up that proposal. They talk about figure 11 (referenced form article 10) for a Multi- Function Phased Array Radar (MFAR) which they have already referenced from article 12. If they propose a design, they have to back it up with logic and technical analysis of calculations and why their proposal is feasible for modern systems or more importantly which short coming they are addressing. This is why literature review is conducted - to understand what is done and currently being done. Then find out what lacks where or which problem can be addressed to improve it further. Can you find anything like that in tis article ?

Have you read the conclusion ? Don't you find it childish. They are telling what needs to be done, fair enough, but what have these research students done themselves? Compiled information from 49 references and published it mixing them altogether. Its like summarizing all those 49 references. Are they sure this is research.

Do you know what is really disappointing ? This is a 2019 article. There just 4 references from 2016, 2 from 2017 and just 1 from 2018. This a disaster. It means there is no exposure of knowledge and information or recent advancements from 2016 onwards till 2019 which should have made the bulk of references. Out of 49, half of references should have been 2015 to 2019 at least.

There are no calculations here leading to a conclusion which is basic core of research. Well i mean, not just calculations, but ensuring that research is taken ahead even by 0.000001% overall to impact globally. If I would use this article as reference then it would just be referenced to tell readers that ROSA exists already and then moving ahead towards my newer proposed design or improved module based on calculations I conducted.

If i presented such a paper to my supervisor, he would throw it back at my face and tell me to get lost. Just 45-50 references would be for literature review of article and ending up around 150 references with at least 50 references used to support the proposed design.

 

[S.Y.A]

Platform Design House = Pakistan Navy

nust karachi also = navy