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Kargil: A Debacle or A Lost Opportunity?

I am aware what is the viewpoint of Pakistanis about the Kashmir situation.

It is not material as to what the international community has done in the past. It is what the international community thinks as of NOW. Therefore, the General stands incorrect in his writing that military option was the corollary to failed grabbing the international community's attention earlier. The international community cannot take cognisance of terrorism as a means to grab attention.

Fact remains that the world community did take notice of the situation and there was increased pressure on both Pakistan and India to exercise more restraint. That works to Pakistan's advantage despite the fact that the country received a rebuke from the international community over the operation.

The Cold War doctrine is limited in time and space, not in the linear continuum.

From the conduct point of view, it is hardly limited, there being 8 battle groups across the spectrum.
Agree.
 
I was going through the thread since I came on this late.

And so I thought I could clarify some of the issues.

On the losses inflicted during the withdrawal, which per Musharraf was when the majority of the Pakistani Military losses occurred, were these losses inflicted after the withdrawal was imminent?

That is the GoI and IA were aware of it, in which case was this not akin to attacking someone when their back was turned?

It must be understood that when the PA came in, none knew in India.

When discovered, the battle began.

When the posts were retaken, obviously, either the defenders fled or were killed! The choice is yours to decide whether they fled or were killed. Ghazi ya Saheed as someone commented.

When any troops withdraw, they do not pack their bags and move. It is a military operation and no one keeps his back towards the adversary.


The attacks were not on the paths but on the posts created by the PA.

NO one executed PsW. I am surprised to learn that PA claims that their casualties were there when they were withdrawing. Let's look at it practically. When the posts created by Pakistan were attacked, do you think the Pakistanis just took off and fled? Would any soldier of any Army worth his salt just run away and not give a fight? If one fights, won't some die also? Please see the awards given to the Pakistani Army soldiers and officers and check the citations.

On the issue of targeting the supply routes when the withdrawal is on, where is the question of supplies if one is withdrawing. Where do you think the supplies are to be stored when one is withdrawing? Therefore, that is not a correct premise.

As regards the thumb rule for attack:defence, in the plains it is 3:1 and in the High Altitude it is 11:1

Artillery (Bofors) was used in direct firing role and that was an important action taken.
Artillery is not so effective on the mountains since there are many ''overs'' and ''unders'' that miss the peak and fall beyond or short and hence the amount of rounds to be fired for effect increases and that means a whole lot more ammunition is required; and that means a huge burden on the logistics!!



******************

In so far as the number of caskets bought to send back the dead, (23March) it was for all operations in J&K. Earlier, the bodies were buried/ cremated in situ with military honours. Then the mode was changed to sending bodies back to their home towns in wooden crates. And later since the wooden crates looked rather pathetic, these caskets were bought. These caskets are reusable.

As far as Kasrkin feeling that India would only make noise if Siachen was isolated, it appears he does not understand geopolitics and national imperatives.

It is also interesting to note that Karskin feels that Indian casualties occurred due to ''stupid mass infantry attacks''! One wonders what is mass infantry attack and why attacking in overwhelming strength is stupid. In fact, it would be stupid to attack without overwhelming strength since it would only mean defeat! Odd logic and odd statement, Karskin.

Sniperwolf's PA gave a good stick to India post is like the story of the wolf and the sour grapes!

Ejaz's "If you have managed to achieve surprise against your enemy and caught the defenders sleeping that too is a victory. While no regular army units were used by Pakistan India used its regular army and Pakistan gained valuable information about their tactics and capabilitites. IAF performance was also observed and would be considered while planning any future mission" post is interesting in so far as the comparison goes - no news is good news! A good attempt to make the best of a disaster.

Similar is Engima947's "Ask your senior military leadership...havent they started peeing in their pants since Kargil... lets see if now india has the guts to attack Pakistan.....except making their soldiers to lay eggs on the borders and LoC as done in 2001-02 escalation between indian and Pakistan." Does this make any sense except venting bile to wipe the wounds?
Quote:
Originally Posted by TALWAR View Post
1. Why would the Pak Army withdraw if they were in a strong position ?
2. Do you think the Pak Army would have obeyed the withdrawal orders of the PM who was later thrown away ?
They withdrew because they had no other option. No arti , and no air-support. What will the Infentary do without cover ?

They with drew because the political leadership offered them no support. An Army relies on its politicians to support it, which did not happen here.

A weak argument.

If the Army went in without political support, then they should have fought on without political support. One can't backflip and then claim that they had no political support just because the Army comes a cropper!
 
Fact remains that the world community did take notice of the situation and there was increased pressure on both Pakistan and India to exercise more restraint. That works to Pakistan's advantage despite the fact that the country received a rebuke from the international community over the operation.


Agree.

you say Pakistan got rebuked in return to India being asked to observe restraint, and you say its favourable to Pakistan!! how??

Pakistan was rebuked because intl community thinks what Pak did was not appropriate( w r t kargil)! which in itself a debacle for pakistan!

I would say the biggest minus of kargil for Pak was the timing. it was at a time when prime ministers from both sides almost vowed to get peace and this got the intl community to 'rebuke' Pak.
 
i believe that pakistan won kargill but it was in the hands of bad leadership [nawaz shariff]
inshallah in the future we will have leaders that will unite the country and win back our lost victories
 
ANALYSIS , INDIA STRIKES BACK AT INTRUDERS

JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY

DATE: 09-Jun-1999

EDITION: 1999
VOLUME/ISSUE: 031/023

BY LINE:

Rahul Bedi

INTRODUCTION:

The fear that Pakistan-backed insurgents could take control of the
crucial national Highway 1A has spurred India to launch air power
to push back insurgents in its Kashmir territory, writes Rahul Bedi

TEXT:


India is using almost its entire aerial arsenal to dislodge more
than 500 armed insurgents entrenched inside its territory within the
disputed northern state of Kashmir.


Alongside the aerial strikes, ground action involving 30,000 Indian
Army soldiers in Operation Vijay (Victory) in Kashmir's remote
Kargil, Dras, Batalik and Mushkoh region is taking place at heights
above 16,000ft along the line of control (LoC) with Pakistan. The
operation aims to push the intruders, who include Taliban fighters
from Afghanistan, 4 to 7km back into Pakistan-held Kashmir.

India claims the intruders are backed by Pakistan and include
commandos from its Special Forces Group (SFG), trained for mountain
warfare. Lt Gen Hari Mohan Khanna, commander of the Northern Army in
Kashmir's capital Srinagar, said: "We treat it as a war in Kargil
and we will not use kid gloves to deal with the situation." Pakistan
denies India's assertions.

The conflict in Kashmir is the first military confrontation between
the two countries since both became nuclear weapon powers and began
building missiles to strike deep into each other's territory. India
accuses Pa kistan of sponsoring Islamic insurgents fighting a civil
war for an independent Muslim homeland in the disputed state, in
which nearly 20,000 have died since 1989. Lt Gen V R Raghavan,
former director of general military operations (DGMO), said: "The
availability of nuclear weapons with India and Pakistan is a factor
which will impact on managing the situation in Kargil." The
challenge, he said, lies in "localising" the military operations.

"Nuclear weapons have become the key to Pakistan's strategy in
Kashmir," stated a US Republican party report four years ago.

Escorted by Mirage 2000s, the Indian Air Force's (IAF's) MiG-21 bis,
MiG-23s and MiG-27M fighter aircraft accompanied by Mi-17 assault
helicopters - locally retrofitted to fire missiles - and Mi-25
attack helicopters, repeatedly attack the insurgents. MiG-29s are
being employed for air patrolling.

Officials said the Mirage 2000s, equipped with advanced electronic
warfare (EW) systems, are jamming Pakistani radar and air missile
batteries close to the LoC that downed at least one IAF MiG-21 bis
on the second day of aerial strikes last month. India claimed
another MiG-27 crashed after an engine "flame out", while a day
later an Mi-17 helicopter was knocked down by a shoulder-fired
surface-to-air missile fired by militants killing its four-member
crew. Pakistan, however, claimed to have knocked down both fighters
after they crossed the LoC (Jane's Defence Weekly 2 June).


Indian officials acknowledge that the Islamic insurgents seized the
military initiative by occupying strategic ridges across a 40km
stretch overlooking the Indian forces. They have successfully
established supply lines and strengthened their positions with
assistance from Pakistani artillery fire from across the LoC. "It
was a methodical operation planned meticulously by professionals,"
said a senior Indian military officer involved in the operations.

Indian diplomats and military officials believe the strategy
employed by the Pakistan-backed insurgents is the same as that used
by Pakistan in the three wars they have fought - to dominate
national Highway 1 A linking Srinagar to Leh, the staging point for
the 20,000ft-high Siachen glacier, occupied by India since 1984.

Officials believe Pakistan aims to "internationalise" the Kashmir
dispute by escalating the conflict as the Indian Army was winning
Kashmir's "proxy war". Pakistan favours UN or third party mediation
in Kashmir, a proposal India opposes.

The 776km-long LoC stretching from the international border in the
Jammu region in the plains to the 14,000ft Zojila Pass at the end of
the Kashmir valley is well guarded. The 180-200km stretch of the LoC
from Zojila Pass to Khor that lies beyond Leh remains relatively
undefended. The remaining 75km of the disputed, Siachen glacial area
held by India since 1984, completes Kashmir's frontier with Pakistan
and China.

Snaking its way through a snowy, mountainous wasteland up to
20,000ft (6,060m), traversed by ridges and deep valleys, this area
is the world's second coldest place after Siberia and is covered by
15-20ft (4.05-6.09m) of snow between October and June. Temperatures
average around -20ºC below zero, falling to -60ºC in winter and a
wind chill factor of formidable intensity. Consequently there has
been no infiltration of militants from this barren stretch. Over the
years, the Indian Army manned observation posts spaced along the
LoC, conducting infrequent patrols for around four months after the
snows melted in June. "That was exactly what attracted Pakistan,"
said an army officer.

He said Pakistan had long wanted to dominate Highway I A that
meanders alongside the LoC - at a distance of five to 12km - in
order to choke all traffic between Srinagar and Leh by saturating it
with artillery fire and effectively isolating Ladakh. The LoC,
delineated on 19 maps after the 1971 war and agreed to by Pakistan,
provides a small "window" onto the crucial highway. Seizing control
of the conflict area would give Pakistani artillery clear access to
the highway, throttling all movement along it.

If successful, officials said, Pakistan could handicap all future
Indian Army deployments in the Ladakh region. Supply and troop
convoys would be forced to race along Highway 1 A or spend days,
even weeks winding their way to Leh via Manali in neighbouring
Himachal Pradesh state. Should the intruders continue to occupy the
strategic ridges, they could attempt to widen the wedge and inflict
debilitating damage on the Indian Army below.

It is precisely because Indian soldiers are being forced to advance
upwards along terrain that offers no cover, that the air strikes
were launched. Even then, said army officials, it could take up to
six months to push out the intruders. "Each hill is a formidable
battlefield," said a senior army officer involved in the operations.
Battling the well-entrenched militants, he said, was a "slow
process". While all assaults on the intruders had to be executed in
the open, huge rocks and sangars (crude bunkers made of stone and
cement) offered the militants protection from artillery fire and air
strikes.

Indian officials claim the intruders, equipped with high-altitude
clothing and tents, are utilising military radios and frequencies to
direct Pakistani artillery fire. "Their logistics are meticulously
calibrated," he said.

Once the operation has ended, officials said a large military
presence would be retained in the area to prevent a similar
intrusion. Units in the Kargil-Drass sectors have been ordered to
hold their positions and not withdraw even after evicting the
intruders.

The army is concerned that establishing posts in the harsh
Kargil-Dras region would surpass the daily expenditure of Rs30
million ($700,000) it takes to maintain a brigade on the Siachen
glacier that is serviced exclusively by helicopters. It would also
suffer heavy casualties due to the weather, currently averaging
around one per day at Siachen.

The proposed posts would also deplete forces deployed on counter
insurgency operations inside Kashmir which have been proving
successful. Army officers acknowledged that the LoC incursions
presented the "scary spectre" of future intrusions along the porous
border. They admitted that infiltration cannot be prevented even if
soldiers stood shoulder-to-shoulder along the LoC. To prevent
infiltration across the LoC, the army plans to deploy unattended
ground sensors, short-range battlefield surveillance radar and
hand-held thermal imagers, backed by secure modern communication and
signal systems.

Official sources said the Kargil conflict would also resurrect the
army's long-standing requirement for attack helicopters on offer
from South Africa and Russia, stretching scarce resources. The
schedule to upgrade around 350 infantry battalions by enhancing
their fire power, surveillance and mobility would also be speeded up
and funds somehow allocated to achieve this well before the 9th army
plan ending in 2002 (Jane's Defence Weekly 24 February).

- Rahul Bedi is a JDW correspondent based in New Delhi
 
i'm not a big fan of NS but if he had not gone to US to ask for its intervention then was Pakistan is a position to face an all out war??As far india is concerned they were getting raped and in retaliation they could have gone for an all out war.My question is was the planners of Kargil Operation had that in mind??Were Pak Armed Forces prepared for it?
 
i'm not a big fan of NS but if he had not gone to US to ask for its intervention then was Pakistan is a position to face an all out war??As far india is concerned they were getting raped and in retaliation they could have gone for an all out war.My question is was the planners of Kargil Operation had that in mind??Were Pak Armed Forces prepared for it?

no it wasnt netural military analyssist are of opinion that pak millitarry planner did thought about that inair forces will strike deep
though pak shot 3 inaif planes but they were on spying mode. and that time though pak had f 16 but this plane didnt had long range radar
so indian fightre had free sky and they did their job and sorry if indians were being shot then why ur army run away.and pakistan always said fighter were noy pak army but freedom fightre(or terrorrist)
 
I was going through the thread since I came on this late.

And so I thought I could clarify some of the issues.



It must be understood that when the PA came in, none knew in India.

When discovered, the battle began.

When the posts were retaken, obviously, either the defenders fled or were killed! The choice is yours to decide whether they fled or were killed. Ghazi ya Saheed as someone commented.

When any troops withdraw, they do not pack their bags and move. It is a military operation and no one keeps his back towards the adversary.


The attacks were not on the paths but on the posts created by the PA.

NO one executed PsW. I am surprised to learn that PA claims that their casualties were there when they were withdrawing. Let's look at it practically. When the posts created by Pakistan were attacked, do you think the Pakistanis just took off and fled? Would any soldier of any Army worth his salt just run away and not give a fight? If one fights, won't some die also? Please see the awards given to the Pakistani Army soldiers and officers and check the citations.

On the issue of targeting the supply routes when the withdrawal is on, where is the question of supplies if one is withdrawing. Where do you think the supplies are to be stored when one is withdrawing? Therefore, that is not a correct premise.

As regards the thumb rule for attack:defence, in the plains it is 3:1 and in the High Altitude it is 11:1

Artillery (Bofors) was used in direct firing role and that was an important action taken.
Artillery is not so effective on the mountains since there are many ''overs'' and ''unders'' that miss the peak and fall beyond or short and hence the amount of rounds to be fired for effect increases and that means a whole lot more ammunition is required; and that means a huge burden on the logistics!!



******************

In so far as the number of caskets bought to send back the dead, (23March) it was for all operations in J&K. Earlier, the bodies were buried/ cremated in situ with military honours. Then the mode was changed to sending bodies back to their home towns in wooden crates. And later since the wooden crates looked rather pathetic, these caskets were bought. These caskets are reusable.

As far as Kasrkin feeling that India would only make noise if Siachen was isolated, it appears he does not understand geopolitics and national imperatives.

It is also interesting to note that Karskin feels that Indian casualties occurred due to ''stupid mass infantry attacks''! One wonders what is mass infantry attack and why attacking in overwhelming strength is stupid. In fact, it would be stupid to attack without overwhelming strength since it would only mean defeat! Odd logic and odd statement, Karskin.

Sniperwolf's PA gave a good stick to India post is like the story of the wolf and the sour grapes!

Ejaz's "If you have managed to achieve surprise against your enemy and caught the defenders sleeping that too is a victory. While no regular army units were used by Pakistan India used its regular army and Pakistan gained valuable information about their tactics and capabilitites. IAF performance was also observed and would be considered while planning any future mission" post is interesting in so far as the comparison goes - no news is good news! A good attempt to make the best of a disaster.

Similar is Engima947's "Ask your senior military leadership...havent they started peeing in their pants since Kargil... lets see if now india has the guts to attack Pakistan.....except making their soldiers to lay eggs on the borders and LoC as done in 2001-02 escalation between indian and Pakistan." Does this make any sense except venting bile to wipe the wounds?


A weak argument.

If the Army went in without political support, then they should have fought on without political support. One can't backflip and then claim that they had no political support just because the Army comes a cropper!

Good informative post Salim wonder how I missed reading it earlier.
 
Good informative post Salim wonder how I missed reading it earlier.

Indian hiding it's losses is nothing new .. After every war IAF never allows third party inventory of it's equipment ! Why ? Of course how will they paint a rosy picture of their actions after 20 years in Wikepedia !

Same goes for the losses in Kargil, however, one must not realize that now Pakistani's know the Kargil mountaineous region in & out + the fact that we still hold atleat a couple of important Indian held peaks !
 
Gen. Musharraf and Nawaz Sharif with the troops raising slogans of Allah u Akbar in the forward areas during the Kargil conflict





this pic show whats nawaz will say its no true
 
Lolz


Nawaz Says he Dont know anything abt Kargil ...


Such a liar
 
It is also interesting to note that Karskin feels that Indian casualties occurred due to ''stupid mass infantry attacks''! One wonders what is mass infantry attack and why attacking in overwhelming strength is stupid. In fact, it would be stupid to attack without overwhelming strength since it would only mean defeat! Odd logic and odd statement, Karskin.

i think what is meant by mass infantry attacks is " human waves attack"

the name is self explanatory.

it was stupid in the context because the enemy was entrenched at heights allowing him to simply slaughter the attackers with automatic weapons as they came up. Also the attackers would either reach combat range exhausted because of moving fast up a slope or get shot before reaching it, the defender being at a greater height and therefore having a greater range
 

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