Japan’s Epsilon rocket ordered to self-destruct after failed launch

[beijingwalker]

Japan has like the 3rd most HSR per country per your charts, I don't see why it doesn't have much. Hell, my country has no HSR rail at all.
It's just that China has much more.

When China has 80% of the world total HSR, the second , third, One hundredth don't make much difference.

 

[REhorror]

When China has 80% of the world total HSR, the second , third, One hundredth don't make much difference.

Well, the world isn't just China, as said, most countries don't have HSR yet.
It's unfair to keep China as the standards.

It's like saying the world is rich because we have billionaires.

 

[huanghong]

nope the main engine stage 1 and 2 are UDMH/N2O4 solid fuelled
the four strap on boosters are liquid fuelled.

N2O4/UDMH propellant? How could it be solid fuel?

 

[dbc]

UDMH/N204 is liquid fuel.

it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic

 

[Nan Yang]

it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic

Yes UDMH which is also called Hydrazine is very toxic.

I actually use Hydrazine in my lab. We call it rocket fuel.

Comparing Liquid and Solid fuel SLV.
Liquid.

Solid

See the different ?
See carefully the shuttle launch. Shuttle has both liquid and solid.

 

[etylo]

List of high-speed railway lines - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Overview​

The following table is an overview of high speed rail in service or under construction by country, ranked by the amount in service. It shows all the high speed lines (speed of 200 km/h (120 mph) or over) in service. The list is based on UIC figures (International Union of Railways),[3][4] updated with other sources.[5]

#	Country or Region	Continent	In operation (km)	Under construction (km)	Total (km)	Network density (m/km2)	Length per 100,000 people (km)	Max. speed (km/h)	Electrification	Track gauge (mm)	Notes
1	China	Asia	40,267	29,733	70,000[6]	4.2	3.11	350[7][8][9][10]	25 kV 50 Hz	1435	Shanghai Maglev: 430 km/h max;[11] The only country in the world to provide overnight sleeping high-speed trains at 250 km/h.
2	Spain	Europe	4,327.1	1,378.0	5,705.1[12]	8.32	9.6	310	3 kV DC; 25 kV 50 Hz	1435; 1668	(at least 400 km upgraded and are not listed by UIC)
3	France	Europe	2,735	560.1	4,536.867	6.18	6.17	320[13]	25 kV 50 Hz	1435	Dedicated (LGV)
1,242.767	220	Upgraded
4	Germany	Europe	1,571	3,321.83	6,225.83	8.83	8.83	300	15 kV 16.7 Hz	1435	Dedicated (NBS)
1,885.4	250	Upgraded (ABS)
5	Japan	Asia	2,727	657.1	3,384.1[14]	8.07	1.96	320[15]	25 kV 50 Hz, 25 kV 60 Hz	1435; 1435 and 1067 dual	The first network ever opened; 6411.7 km including approved
6	Italy	Europe	921	965.24	2,982.94	6.7	6.7	300	25 kV 50 Hz	1435	Dedicated
1,096.7	250	Upgraded
7	United Kingdom	Europe	113	220	2,142.7	7.92	2.79	300[16]	25 kV 50 Hz AC; Diesel (or dual); 3 kV DC Third-Rail (at junctions only)	1435	Dedicated (HS)
1,814.7	201[17]	1435	Classic upgraded lines
8	Turkey	Asia	724	508	2,335	1.63	1.17	300	25 kV 50 Hz	1435	Dedicated
102	550	200	Upgraded
9	South Korea	Asia	660.9	1,435	2,699.7	12.6	2.44	305	25 kV 60 Hz	1435	Dedicated
603.8	260	Upgraded
10	Finland	Europe	1,120	201	1,327	3.31	20.02	220	25 kV 50 Hz	1524[18]	Only upgraded lines
11	Sweden	Europe	860	718.5	1,578.5	1.91	8.3	205[19]	15 kV 16.7 Hz	1435	Only upgraded lines
12	United States	North America	735	1,789.3	2,524.3	0.08	0.28	240 [20][21]	12 kV 25 Hz, 12 kV 60 Hz, 25 kV 60 Hz; Diesel (or dual)	1435	Only upgraded lines; dedicated lines under construction
13	Greece	Europe	700	695	1,395	5.3	6.5	200[22]	25 kV 50 Hz	1435
14	Russia	Europe	650	0	650	0.04	0.52	250[23]	3 kV DC, 25 kV 50 Hz	1520	Only upgraded lines
15	Saudi Arabia	Asia	449	1,691	2,144	0.21	1.36	300	25 kV 50 Hz	1435
16	Uzbekistan	Asia	741	465[24]	1206			250	25 kV 50 Hz	1520	Including upgraded lines
17	Taiwan	Asia	332.1	0	332.1	9.17	1.44	300	25 kV 60 Hz	1435
18	Austria	Europe	254	231.37	485.37	3.03	2.81	250	15 kV 16.7 Hz	1435	Including upgraded lines
19	Portugal	Europe	227	626	853	2.46	1.98	220	25 kV 50 Hz	1668	Only upgraded lines
20	Poland	Europe	224	411.457	764.657	1.13	1.21	200	3 kV DC	1435	Only upgraded lines; 484 km extra approved

 

[dbc]

Yes UDMH which is also called Hydrazine is very toxic.

I actually use Hydrazine in my lab. We call it rocket fuel.

Comparing Liquid and Solid fuel SLV.
Liquid.
View attachment 886771
View attachment 886772
View attachment 886773

Solid
View attachment 886774
View attachment 886775
View attachment 886776

See the different ?
See carefully the shuttle launch. Shuttle has both liquid and solid.

Space Shuttle booster fuel is a low toxicity Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.

 

[DF41]

N2O4/UDMH propellant? How could it be solid fuel?

it's typically converted to gel to increase fuel density and avoid leaks but regardless it's highly carcinogenic

N2O4/UDMH propellant are what is called hypergolic.
The moment N2O4 & UDMH in touch with each other that they will burn spontaneously on contact.

It beggars belief how that can ever be turned converted to gel other than in the peculiar universe dbc found himself to be in.
Perhaps the threat of negative rating dbc give to N2O4/UDMH make them frightened with fear that they could be gel together.

dbc must write a paper and win accolades as to his chemical expertise of gelling N2O4/UDMH

 

[dbc]

N2O4/UDMH propellant are what is called hypergolic.
The moment N2O4 & UDMH in touch with each other that they will burn spontaneously on contact.

It beggars belief how that can ever be turned converted to gel other than in the peculiar universe dbc found himself to be in.
Perhaps the threat of negative rating dbc give to N2O4/UDMH make them frightened with fear that they could be gel together.

dbc must write a paper and win accolades as to his chemical expertise of gelling N2O4/UDMH

There are many papers on the subject of gellation of hydrazine particularly on the widely used UDMH Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine.

Varma, M.; Gupta, B.L.; Pandey, M. Formulation & storage studies on hydrazine-based gelled propellants. Def. Sci. J. 1996, 46, 435–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Kubota, N.; Fujiyoshi, H.; Ayabe, T. Gelling propellant and manufacture therefor. JP. Patent Application No. 3,876,469, 10 November 2006. (In Japanese). [Google Scholar]

Rahimi, S.; Hasan, D.; Perets, A. Development of laboratory-scale gel-propulsion technology. J. Propul. Power 2004, 20, 93–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Perets, A.; Natan, B. On share rheology of gel propellants. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech.2007, 32, 165–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Perets, A.; Natan, B. Rheological Matching of Gel Propellants. J. Propul. Power 2010, 26, 376–379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Rahimi, S.; Weihs, D. Gelled fuel simulant droplet impact onto a solid surface. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2011, 36, 273–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Su, X.; Kimura, S.; Wada, M.; Kim, U.-J.; Kuga, S. Complexation of hydrazine with native cellulose in water and toluene. Cellulose 2013, 20, 1023–1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]