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Indian Air Force Set To Get 48 More Mi-17 Transport Helicopters This Year
Russia and India are holding negotiations for the supply of 48 Russian Mi-17 military transport helicopters with Moscow hoping to seal the deal by the year end, a top Russian official has said.

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Russian arms supplier Rosoboronexport's CEO Alexander Mikheev said India has more than 300 helicopters belonging to the Mi-8 and Mi-17 family, which are deployed in troop and arms transport, fire support, convoy escort, patrol, and search-and-rescue (SAR) missions. He said India knows their specifications well.

Mikheev said Russia and India are holding talks with a view to sign a contract for 48 (Mi-17V5) helicopters and the techno-commercial negotiations are set to commence.

"We hope that we will reach an agreement before the end of this year," he told a select group of journalists here on the sidelines of Russia's premier air show MAKS 2017.

Last year, Russia had handed over to India the final batch of three Mi-17V5 military transport helicopters under a previously signed contract with Rosoboronexport, a company of the Rostec State Corporation, that entailed a total of 151 units of the Mi-17V-5 helicopter, produced by the Kazan Helicopter Plant.

Designed to transport cargo inside the cabin and on an external sling, the Mi-17V5 is considered to be one of the world's most advanced military transport helicopters.

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Mi-17V5, supplied to India, ranks among the most technically advanced helicopters of the Mi-8/17 type, incorporating the best engineering solutions of previous generations.

In 2008, Rosoboronexport signed a contract for the delivery of 80 Mi-17V5 to India, which was completed in 2011 -2013. In 2012-2013, three additional contracts were signed to supply a total of 71 Mi-17V5 helicopters to meet the needs of the Indian Air Force.

Talking about other projects that are under discussion between Russia and India, Mikheev said, "We are discussing a programme for modernisation of SU-30 with our Indian partners. The aircraft park is quite large."

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http://m.indiatimes.com/news/india/...7-transport-helicopters-this-year-326886.html

Good safe helicopters unlike the International embarrassing Dhruv
 
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Really neat looking jet. You don't see many leading edge slats divided up into 3 sections. Quite unique and I'm assuming it has something to do with having clearances to operate a portion of slats instead of none should any fuel tanks or protruding weapons get in the way.

The LCA MK2 design and shape is superb. The modification they made to the LERX with enlarging and making them actual, functioning LEVCONs compared to MK1 should improve flight conditions. Something very similar to PAK-FA which you hardly see on any other aircraft, aside from those that have separate functioning canards.

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Is HAL using the F414 now on Tejas or is it still the F404's? I think the F414 was a GE ToT with India to eventually have the indigenous Kaveri built and used in these machines, if I'm not mistaken? I'm sure these things have been discussed in this or other threads, I'm just trying to catch up! :-)
 
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The LCA MK2 design and shape is superb. The modification they made to the LERX with enlarging and making them actual, functioning LEVCONs compared to MK1 should improve flight conditions. Something very similar to PAK-FA which you hardly see on any other aircraft, aside from those that have separate functioning canards.
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LCA MK-2 is still in design phase.
The pic share by you is NLCA TD.
Yup, its true that levcons provide greater stability at low speeds.
Also it's a fact that only PAK-FA and NLCA have levcons in the world at present
Is HAL using the F414 now on Tejas or is it still the F404's? I think the F414 was a GE ToT with India to eventually have the indigenous Kaveri built and used in these machines, if I'm not mistaken? I'm sure these things have been discussed in this or other threads, I'm just trying to catch up! :-)
As of now , India received onlt 4 f414 Engines our of 8 as ordered last year.
And for GE ToT, GoI will decide after testing on mk2.
A good news for you that the Kaveri is in final design phase and both GTRE & Safran decided to build 4 Prototypes and 1 out of them will be sent to France for testing and other 3 will be tested in India.
As of now , Kaveri is moving ahead of schedule.
And another good news is that LCA Mk1A will possibly powered with Kaveri and have Uttam AESA and DARE's EW suite.
 
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LCA MK-2 is still in design phase.
The pic share by you is NLCA TD.
Yup, its true that levcons provide greater stability at low speeds.
Also it's a fact that only PAK-FA and NLCA have levcons in the world at present

As of now , India received onlt 4 f414 Engines our of 8 as ordered last year.
And for GE ToT, GoI will decide after testing on mk2.
A good news for you that the Kaveri is in final design phase and both GTRE & Safran decided to build 4 Prototypes and 1 out of them will be sent to France for testing and other 3 will be tested in India.
As of now , Kaveri is moving ahead of schedule.
And another good news is that LCA Mk1A will possibly powered with Kaveri and have Uttam AESA and DARE's EW suite.

What's really the correct information on the Kaveri Engine? I hear a lot of drastically conflicting reports. Some say it's a failure and will only be used on vehicles requiring lower thrust like UAVs, trainer jets and naval ships and some say that most of its problems have been rectified and its in the final stages. One report even said that the project has been abandoned totally.
 
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What's really the correct information on the Kaveri Engine? I hear a lot of drastically conflicting reports. Some say it's a failure and will only be used on vehicles requiring lower thrust like UAVs, trainer jets and naval ships and some say that most of its problems have been rectified and its in the final stages. One report even said that the project has been abandoned totally.
It's an internal report.
After tests in France, the information will be made public.
Also, UAV requires non+reheat variant which is already developed and is under refining stage. And the turbine engine used in Naval vessels is very different from KAVERI GTX 35vs
 
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Ministry of Defence
01-August, 2017 18:31 IST
Chief of the AIR Staff Felicitates Flt Lt Shikha Pandey

Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal BS Dhanoa PVSM AVSM YSM VM ADC felicitated Flt Lt Shikha Pandey, a member of Indian Women's Cricket team in the recently concluded ICC Women’s World Cup today at Air Headquarters, New Delhi.

ICC Women's World Cup was held at England from 24 Jun to 23 Jul 17. Flt Lt Shikha Pandey played a pivotal role in the tournament for the Indian team to reach final after a gap of 12 years. She took 03 wickets against South Africa and 02 wickets against England in the league matches. In the Semi Final against Australia, she took 02 wickets for 17 runs.

Flt Lt Shikha Pandey was commissioned in IAF on 30 Jun 2012 as an Air Traffic Control Officer. She made her international debut in ICC T-20 World Cup which was conducted at Bangladesh in 2014. Since her debut, she has been a regular member of Indian Women's Cricket team. She is the first lady officer from the Services to represent the Indian Cricket team.

Flt Lt Shikha Pandey was awarded Chief of the Air Staff Commendation by the Chief of the Air Staff who during the occasion appreciated her performance and wished her success for future endeavours.

The Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal B.S. Dhanoa felicitating Flt. Lt. Shikha Pandey, a member of Indian Women’s Cricket team in the recently concluded ICC Women’s World Cup, in New Delhi on August 01, 2017.
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Ministry of Defence
01-August, 2017 15:55 IST
Air Crash involving IAF Aircraft

Every aircraft accident/incident is thoroughly investigated by a Court of Inquiry to ascertain the cause of accident and the recommendations of the completed Court of Inquiry are implemented. Various preventive measures are being taken including invigoration of Aviation Safety Organization, streamlining of accident/ incident reporting procedure, analytical studies and quality audits of the aircraft fleets to identify vulnerable areas to avoid aircraft accidents. Accident prevention programmes have been given an added thrust to identify risk prone/hazardous areas specific to the aircraft fleets and operational environment to ensure safe practices/procedures.


Year-wise details of accidents involving aircraft and helicopters of Indian Air Force and number of pilots who lost their lives in these accidents during the last three years (2014-15 to 2016-17) and the current year 2017-18 (up to 27.07.2017) are as under:

Year

No. of accidents
Aircraft
Helicopter

No. of pilots killed



2014-15
09
01

03

2015-16
05
01

Nil

2016-17
08
02

02

2017-18(upto 27.07.17)
02
01

04


An aircraft sometimes may have certain design deficiencies, which get duly rectified as it is exploited in service.


This information was given by Minister of State for Defence Dr. Subhash Bhamre in a written reply to Shri Parvez Hashmi in Rajya Sabha today.
 
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How The HAL HF-24 Marut Never Achieved Mach 2 :
The Marut was the first fighter in Asia to go beyond the testing/prototype stage although it was an aircraft capable of breaking the sound barrier but it was limited to subsonic speeds since it the aircraft was underpowered. This was because of various political and economic factor. The Marut was powered by Bristol Siddeley Orpheus which were considered as limiting factor the performance of the aircraft. The project also suffered from lack of direction from the Indian Ministry of Defence at that time.
Efforts were made to find a suitable engine for the Marut. An agreement was signed by the Indian government with the Egyptian government for the use E-300 turbojet engine designed by Ferdinand Brandner (an Austrian repatriate from the Soviet Union) who was hired by the Egyptian government. Twenty months later, in July 1966, the Indian Government furnished a specially modified pre-production Marut, designated HF-24 Mk 1 BX, to participate in the Egyptian engine development programme. This aircraft had a modified fuselage capable of accepting either the Orpheus 703 or the EL-300. Test flying of the HF-24 Mk 1 BX with one E-300 and one Orpheus began at Helwan, Egypt, on 29 March 1967 with Sqn. Ldr. I.M. Chopra at the controls. Until the EL-300 program came to a standstill after the June 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict, the HF-24 Mk I BX had completed 106 hours of flight testing in 150 flights. The EL-300, unfortunately, failed to live up to earlier expectations and with two power plants of this type installed, the HF-24 Mk 1 BX was unable to exceed Mach 1.1. The Soviets were also approached but no decision was taken.
Rolls Royce made a proposal to the Indian government to finance the further development of the Orpheus, which had been specifically aimed at producing a more suitable model of the engine for the Marut. If the correct steps were taken then the subcontinent would've seen a fighter jet ahead of it's time.
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Ministry of Defence
03-August, 2017 20:07 IST
Air Marshal Hemant Narayan Bhagwat AVSM VM is New Air Officer-in-charge Administration (AOA) of Indian Air Force

Air Marshal Hemant Narayan Bhagwat AVSM VM has taken over as Air Officer-in-Charge Administration of Indian Air Force at Air Headquarters (VB), New Delhi on 01 Aug 2017.


Air Marshal HN Bhagwat AVSM VM was commissioned in Administrative branch of the IAF in Jun 1981.


After serving for seven years as an Air Traffic control Officer in three different operational bases of the IAF, the Air Officer qualified as Parachute Jump Instructor and served in instructional capacity for fifteen years. During his paratrooping career, the officer has undertaken over 2400 live parachute jumps in combat as well as sport profile from twenty different types of aircraft. He has also served as Chief Instructor of Paratroopers’ Training School, Agra for five years and was leader of prestigious IAF Skydiving Team, Akashganga for several years. Besides para jumps in all parts of our country, the officer has also participated in several international para exercises including in USA, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Seychelles. The officer is senior most active parachute jump instructor of the IAF.


The Air Officer is a graduate of Defence Services Staff College, Wellington and has undergone Higher Air Command Course at College of Air Warfare, Hyderabad and Senior Defence Management Course at College of Defence Management, Secunderabad. The officer has completed his M Sc in Strategic Studies from Madras University & M Phil from Osmania University. The Air Officer has held several prestigious appointments including that of a Chief Admin Officer of a premier fighter base, Commandant of Garud Regimental Training Centre, as Chief Personnel Staff Officer at HQ South Western Air Command, Senior Officer in charge Administration at HQ Western Air Command and Asst Chief of the Air Staff (Org & Cer) at Air HQ. Prior to assuming the appointment of AOA, Air Mshl HN Bhagwat was Director General (Works & Ceremonials) at Air HQ.


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The Air Officer was commended by Chief of Air Staff in 1999 and was awarded Vayu Sena Medal by the President of India in 2005 for his contributions to paratrooping field. He has been awarded the Ati Vishist Seva Medal by President of India for distinguished service of a very high order.


He is married to Mrs Shubhada Bhagwat and is blessed with a son named Tejas. He is an active sportsman and keen marathon runner.


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Ministry of Defence
03-August, 2017 15:20 IST
255 Sorties were flown by Indian Air Force during HADR Operation in Gujarat and Rajasthan

The States of Gujarat and Rajasthan had experienced heavy rains and floods in past few days. Considering the gravity of situation, the State Emergency Operation Cell requested Indian Air Force for rescue operations in flood affected areas of Mehasana, Deesa, Banaskantha and Patan. Accordingly, the IAF team swung into action and deployed Mi-17V5 and Chetak helicopters at various location of the State for rescue and relief operations. A dedicated Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Cell was activated at South Western Air Command, Gandhinagar to monitor the relief operations round the clock. Under the challenging weather conditions, with limited ground reference, these helicopters carried out rescue operations to save stranded people. The rescue operation included a patient in dire need of dialysis who was airlifted from the rooftop in the shortest possible time, along with a pregnant woman with small child and husband.

Despite inclement weather, a total of 220 sorties were flown by IAF rescue team in Gujarat Area and 35 sorties in Rajasthan area. During the rescue operations, the crew dropped a total of 86 tonnes of food packets in flood affected areas of Gujarat state. A radar was also operationalised at Deesa for communication which was specially transported by An-32 aircraft till Ahmedabad and thereafter moved by road to Deesa.

C-17 and C-130J aircraft airlifted NDRF personnel and load to the airports nearest to the flooded areas.

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Two more C-130J-30 Super Hercules aircraft [KC-3809 & KC-3811] spotted at Lisbon on its way to India.
The first two C-130Js [KC-3807 & KC-3808] from the second batch arrived at Air Force Station Arjan Singh in the end of July.
The new aircraft are part of the second order of the 7 C-130J-30s for the second squadron of the type.
Image credits: Hugo Guerra
 
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http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uav-crashes-in-kathua/article19471607.ece?homepage=true

Jammu , August 11, 2017 13:16 IST
Updated: August 11, 2017 13:49 IST

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle of the Indian Air Force crashed in Jammu and Kashmir’s border district of Kathua after its lost contact with the radar early today.

The UAV crashed near Ladol village of Chadwal belt in the district.

“We were informed by IAF authorities that its UAV has lost contact with radar in Kathua belt. We immediately launched a search for it”, Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP), Kathua, Mohd Suleman Choudhary told PTI.

During the search, the UAV was found near village Ladol of Chadwal belt in Rajbagh tehsil of the district, he said.

IAF and police teams are on the spot.

“An IAF team is probing the reason behind the crash,” he said.

The IAF has ordered an inquiry into the crash.

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http://www.hindustantimes.com/india...ush-to-spot/story-Q5oT3tXXmxhyLHNMYNlP1J.html

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of the Indian Air Force crashed near a village in Jammu and Kashmir on Friday morning.

Senior superintendent of police Suleman Choudhary said the incident occurred at Ladoli village in Kathua district. “We were informed about this at 3.30 am. A police team has been sent to the spot, and further information is awaited,” he added.

No loss to life or property was reported.

Kathua witnesses terrorist activity on occasion, given its proximity to the India-Pakistan border. Militants have staged attacks on the Jammu-Pathankot highway – which passes through the district – several times in the past.

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Bengal flood: IAF chopper winches 9 marooned villagers in dramatic rescue operation
Forty-five-year old Paresh Mondal had seen people clinging to a rope dangling from a helicopter in movies, but never imagined that someday he would do the maneuvering himself to save his life.
On Saturday morning, Mondal and eight others marooned inside a two-storied house at flood-hit Pratappur village in the Ghatal area of West Midnapore were winched up by a rescue team of the Indian Air Force.
Seven children were among those airlifted from the flood-ravaged village using winch in a heart-stopping rescue operation.
The villagers moved into the building on Wednesday when rest of the houses in Pratappur got inundated following a breach in embankment on the Silabati river.
Thirteen persons have died since July 21 and more than 23 lakh people are affected in over 165 villages in the 11 flood-hit districts of the state.
Nearly 45,000 people have taken shelter in over 2,000 relief camps set up in the affected districts.
The West Midnapore district magistrate sought help from the air force on Friday to evacuate villagers trapped in the Pratappur building after speedboats deployed by the local administration failed to reach the building because of strong current in the flood water.
The Russian Mi5 V5 helicopter from Barrackpore air force station in the North 24 Parganas district was used in the first-of-its-kind rescue operation in Bengal.
Since there was no place to land and the house was surrounded by tall trees, the pilots had to hover over the old building at the fixed spot and altitude.
IAF personnel made their first rescue attempt on Friday. But completely alien to such rescue operations, people trapped inside the building wanted to wait for boats.
“To build their confidence, the rescue team demonstrated the whole process winching up a policeman and a local youth but still nobody was coming forward. Since it was getting dark the helicopter returned to Barrackpore,” said an Eastern Command spokesperson.
“I am still shaking at the thought of hanging so high. But ultimately we made it. There are more people in the house and some of them were very old. They refused to leave. Probably they were too scared to hang in mid air,” said Mandal.
“We spent sleepless nights in the house, fearing that it would collapse any moment. The waves kept hammering its old walls,” he added.
“Some people are still trapped in that house in Pratappur. They refused to be airlifted like the others. Apparently they are too scared”, said Bharati Ghosh, police chief of West Midnapore.
Arpita Mondal, another rescued villager, was in a state of shock. “All I can say is I am alive. Nothing else matters,” she exclaimed.
They were taken to a safe place near Ghatal town, about nine km from Pratappur. People from flood-hit Manoharpur, Rasulpur and Harisingpur were also taken to safe areas.
A second helicopter was used in the afternoon to airdrop food and provisions.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/india...e-operation/story-JB59cdukNbVVoBKTFbeGiK.html

12 National Highways to double up as emergency landing airstrips for rescue operation teams
The Indian Air force (IAF) has cleared 12 National Highways (NHs) as emergency landing airstrips that will enable rescue operation teams to reach affected areas easily, an official responsible for executing the project said. Although there was initially a proposal to develop a total of 21 NHs into airstrips, for now 12 highways have been cleared, with three of those connecting Odisha, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh — all Maoist-affected areas, which also witness vagaries of nature like floods and cyclones almost every year. “The IAF has given clearance to 12 NHs to be developed into emergency landing airstrips out of the total 21. However, on the remaining NHs, discussions and testing are on and soon they too are likely to be cleared by the IAF,” a senior government official, requesting anonymity, told IANS.
Despite repeated attempts, the IAF had no comment to offer on the project and on related issues like the facilities to be put in place if the highways are to be used in times of emergencies. To start with, the thickness of tar will be increased and highways will be made strong enough for aircraft to land. “The highways will be open for public during normal times, but in case there is an emergency, then normal traffic will be blocked and the stretch will be used for aircraft landing. Also, alternate ways will be created for the normal traffic flow during emergencies,” said the official.
According to the Ministry of Road, Transport, Highways and Shipping (MoRTH), the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been chosen as the executing agency. “In all, 17 highways were assigned to the NHAI, but after a joint survey, we found that airstrips can be developed only on 12 of the NHs. The BoQ (bill of quantities) has been prepared and we are waiting for approval from the competent authority on when to start,” NHAI Chairman Deepak Kumar told IANS.
Asked specifically how long it would take for the work to commence, Kumar, who was appointed recently to head the national road construction agency, said: “The work is expected to start in the next three-four months.” One major reason behind the initiative is to strategically operate in places prone to natural calamities and where relief work cannot be carried out without the help of choppers or aircraft. Among the 12 NHs cleared for being developed into airstrips are: Jamshedpur-Balasore highway and Chattarpur-Digha highway — both touching Odisha –, the Kishanganj-Islampur highway in Bihar, Delhi-Moradabad highway in Delhi-Uttar Pradesh, Bijbehara-Chinar Bagh highway in Jammu and Kashmir, Rampur-Kathgodam highway in Uttarakhand, Lucknow-Varanasi highway in Uttar Pradesh, Dwarka-Maliya highway in Gujarat, Kharagpur-Keonjhar highway in West Bengal and Mohanbari-Tinsukia highway in Assam.
Others include Vijaywada-Rajahmundry highway in Andhra Pradesh, Chennai-Puducherry highway in Tamil Nadu and Phalodi-Jaisalmer highway in Rajasthan. Elaborating on the planning of the entire project, the official said that the selection of highways had been done in a way that the entire country could be covered during natural calamities. “The highways chosen in Odisha are connected to Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Planning is such that within short duration, aircraft will be ready to land and the soldiers can be deployed to help during a natural calamity,” said the official, adding that such initiatives were in existence and had been tried during World War II.
In 2016, Minister of Road, Transport, Highways and Shipping Nitin Gadkari had announced the project and the formation of a committee to come up with specifications for highway stretches that can double up as airstrips. The committee will look into details like feasibility of the stretches, their length and breadth, among other issues.
http://www.financialexpress.com/ind...-airstrips-for-rescue-operation-teams/788365/

IAF airlifts patient in need of dialysis
The Indian Air Force (IAF) pressed into service its Cheetah helicopter to airlift a patient from Abiyana village in Santhalpur taluka of Patan who critically needed dialysis on Saturday.
According to the press release issued by HQ SWAC Gandhinagar, on arriving overhead the site pilot Wing Commander Gautam Narain saw the patient on the top of the roof of a house completely marooned amid flood waters from all sides.
"The pilot, having made an accurate assessment of the situation and bearing in mind the importance of saving the life at stake, brought his Cheetah to a low hover, finally gently resting it on the boundary wall of the rooftop. Assisted by family members next to him on the roof, the patient was lifted up over the wall and finally carefully pulled aboard the aircraft. All this, while the pilot delicately and very skilfully balanced the helicopter on its skids over the wall. The patient was then flown to Patan district headquarters where he was duly handed over to civil administration officials waiting with an ambulance at Patan University helipad," said the release.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...of-dialysis/articleshow/59836637.cms?from=mdr
 
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India Jaguar fighters face upgrade challenges
By: Vivek Raghuvanshi   1 day ago

NEW DELHI ― The Indian Air Force’s British-made Jaguar aircraft completed its maiden flight last week after integrating an advanced active electronically scanned array radar, but service officials say the Jaguar upgrade program is moving slowly and that there’s uncertainty regarding the mounting of proposed new engines.

The upgrade program of the Jaguar fighter, undertaken by India’s state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, includes mounting new engines from Honeywell of the U.S., but an executive with HAL said it’s ”still awaiting the go-ahead from the Indian Air Force for the new engines.”

“Not only is the upgrade program slow, but the autopilots on the Jaguar aircraft are malfunctioning,” the IAF official said.

Furthermore, only 18 autopilot systems out of a required 108 could be integrated on Jaguar aircraft, according to a second Air Force official. India contracted the purchase of 35 autopilots from Thales of France on the Jaguar, which were received between December 2006 and January 2008.

Due to contractual restrictions, HAL could integrate only 18 out of the 35 autopilots up until March 2017.

And the autopilots installed on the aircraft are functioning at a suboptimal level because a vital component ― the Auto Pilot Electronic Unit, which maintains the flight path of the aircraft ― required repairs by Thales, which are expected to be completed in 7 to 26 months.

The HAL executive placed blame: ”Upgrade of autopilot has been slow because of delays in supplies by French defense companies.”

The Jaguar with the new AESA radar made its maiden flight Aug. 10, but the Air Force will carry out six more tests before induction.

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The AESA radar were bought from Elta of Israel as part of the Jaguar upgrade program. The new-generation radar will help in the simultaneous detection of multiple targets and also in the release of missiles to counter threats.

The current AESA radars are designed for easy retrofit in field conditions with minimum disturbance to the aircraft, the HAL executive noted.

Currently, the Indian Air Force is the only air force using the Jaguar, and HAL is therefore the only original equipment manufacturer able to maintain and upgrade the aircraft.

The ongoing program will involve 59 Jaguars that have a DARIN I radar and upgrade them to the DARIN III standard, which will include the fitting of the AESA radar.

The program also includes several missile-carrying capabilities as well as avionics upgrades that are expected to extend the aircraft’s life to 2050. (The initial phase out of the aircraft will begin in 2035, and it will be fully phased out by 2050.)

The upgrade is expected to include replacing the Rolls-Royce ADOUR 811 engine with new F125N engines from Honeywell, noted the first Air Force official.

Honeywell emerged as the sole vendor in response to a 2008 tender because Rolls-Royce of the U.K. withdrew from the competition. However, the clearance to buy 280 new Honeywell engines worth $2 billion has hit a roadblock in India’s Ministry of Defence because of the single-vendor situation, which the MoD tends to discourage, save exceptional circumstances.

http://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/08/16/india-jaguar-fighters-face-upgrade-challenges/
 
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