If a Pakistani is purchasing oil from Russian producer why does anyone else other than Russian producer need to be paid ? Why does a Turk need to get paid for that transaction ?
Replace Europe with China. Nothing changes. If they can have it Chinese are not paying any middlemen a dime. Keep dreaming if you think otherwise
I have nothing against land based trading routes. Land locked countries in Europe use them. That means rule of law, political stability and no territorial disputes. That is not the case in Asia. I do not want my products to be at the mercy of political instability in Pakistan or a civil war in Afghanistan. Neither do most buyers and sellers.
Silk road was there because there was no other alternative. There are alternatives now.
Afghanistan does not compare with Australia in any known mineral resources. Afghanistan population is larger than Australia and it will keep growing.
The reserves of crude iron ore in Australia, the country with the world's largest iron ore reserves, were estimated to be approximately 58 billion metric tons in 2023.
www.statista.com