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Economic disempowerment of India's East Indian Christian community of Mumbai and Thane region
PLIGHT OF THE `EAST INDIAN' CHRISTIANS OF MUMBAI
correspondent:
East Indians are descendants of the thousands of original inhabitants of North Konkan, West Maharashtra mainly Bombay, Vasai, Thane and Raigad districts, on the west cost of India, who were primarily nature worshippers and who embraced Catholicism during the period 1200 - 1600 due to the missionary work of European Fransiscans and Jesuits. The East Indians speak a dialect of the Marathi language although majority of the East Indians are fluent in Hindi, shudh Marathi and English.
Pope John XXII in 1329 has acknowledged the presence of Christians when he addressed letters to the Christians of 'Konkan-Thana', and sent them with Bishop Jordan Catalini of Quilon, who had been a missionary at Thane, Sopara, etc from 1321 onwards. The Apostle St. Bartholomev is reputed to have come to Kalyan (Thane district) which means there were Christians even in the 1st century. Many more European and middle-east missionaries had come in Konkan (Thane, Bombay, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg districts) between 1st and 12th century. So even before the 12th century there were thousands of Christians in North Konkan, west Maharashtra.
The British East Indian Company designated them with the name 'East Indians' during the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1887 to distinguish them from the Goan and Manglorean Catholics who came to Bombay in search of jobs and who had similar surnames as Catholics of north Konkan, west Maharashtra. Before 1887 East Indians did not have a fixed or all embracing designation so obviously they referred to themselves as Catholics or Christians. The Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. XIII, Part I, published in 1882, has about 19 pages on the native Christians in which it consistently calls them 'Thana Christians' as Bandra and the rest of Salsette Island was included in Thane District till a few decades ago. The gazetteer was published just five years before the designation 'East Indian' was adopted.
In the whole of India including Bombay only the Goan and Manglorean Catholics know who East Indians are. People living in east India (west Bengal, Assam, Nagaland) are not referred to as East Indians just as people living in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra are not known as West Indians. BELIEVE this - 99.99% of Hindus and Muslims living in Bombay including Hindus and Muslims living in gaothans of East Indians in Bombay have no idea who the East Indians are. Migrants (slum dwellers) and the legal migrants (middle/upper/business class) living in Bombay believe that Bombay was an uninhabited island and they also believe that majority of Catholics living in Bombay are mainly from Goa.
East Indian Gaothans: There are more than 200 East Indian gaothans (villages) spread across Bombay alone. Before 1960 all this gaothans were surrounded by agricultural lands, ponds and wells. First the British who ruled India till 1947 took the agricultural lands of East Indians for various industrial/economic purposes (textile mills, railway factories, railway lines, Sahar, Santa Cruz, Juhu airport, roads, shipyards, Kalina and Colaba military camps, residential complexes, etc) and also gave a lot of agricultural lands of East Indians to Parsi and Gujarati charitable trusts........But the British did not do anything for the welfare of East Indians. This is the reason why many East Indians joined the freedom struggle against the British notable among them was Joseph Kaka Baptista the right hand man of freedom fighter Lokmanya Tilak and the first president of the Home Rule League. Around 25% of the agricultural lands of East Indians in Bombay were taken by the British before 1947; and after 1960 the Maharashtra government took the remaining 75% of the agricultural lands of East Indians in Bombay.
How were these East Indian gaothans formed in Bombay and its surroundings: Hundred's of Centuries back ancestors of East Indians in Bombay built their houses close to one another and formed a gaothans/village, often on a rocky or less fertile spot, so as to leave the surrounding land free for the cultivation of Rice. It is precisely on the former rice fields surrounding a gaothan that town planning schemes, housing societies, Sahar / Juhu / Santa Cruz airports, roads, industrial/residential complexes, SEEPZ, MIDC, industrial areas, Kalina / Bombay University, railway lines, slums, etc have sprung up. East Indians did not build fences around their houses and that's the reason you will find houses in gaothans are very close to one another. The Maharashtra Government during the 1960s took all the agricultural lands of the East Indian Christians by invoking the land acquisition act and town planning act but did not give any compensation or government jobs to East Indians neither gave additional FSIs or concession in property taxes to the gaothans / villages where East Indians were/are living. Due to this many East Indians had suffered economically. Since there are no Additional FSIs for gaothans/villages of East Indians they cannot raise their houses to accommodate additional members of the family. The Maharashtra government and the Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) have 1990 onwards spent more than 25,000 crores of rupees for the welfare of slum dwellers in Bombay including giving free houses of 225 sq. ft. to slum dwellers, but for East Indians even to repair or reconstruct their old and dilapidated houses in their gaothans they have to beg and bribe the BMC. It is very clear from the above that the Maharashtra govt. and the Bombay Municipal Corporation have economically persecuted the East Indian Christians.
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:: SECULAR INDIA ::..
PLIGHT OF THE `EAST INDIAN' CHRISTIANS OF MUMBAI
correspondent:
East Indians are descendants of the thousands of original inhabitants of North Konkan, West Maharashtra mainly Bombay, Vasai, Thane and Raigad districts, on the west cost of India, who were primarily nature worshippers and who embraced Catholicism during the period 1200 - 1600 due to the missionary work of European Fransiscans and Jesuits. The East Indians speak a dialect of the Marathi language although majority of the East Indians are fluent in Hindi, shudh Marathi and English.
Pope John XXII in 1329 has acknowledged the presence of Christians when he addressed letters to the Christians of 'Konkan-Thana', and sent them with Bishop Jordan Catalini of Quilon, who had been a missionary at Thane, Sopara, etc from 1321 onwards. The Apostle St. Bartholomev is reputed to have come to Kalyan (Thane district) which means there were Christians even in the 1st century. Many more European and middle-east missionaries had come in Konkan (Thane, Bombay, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg districts) between 1st and 12th century. So even before the 12th century there were thousands of Christians in North Konkan, west Maharashtra.
The British East Indian Company designated them with the name 'East Indians' during the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1887 to distinguish them from the Goan and Manglorean Catholics who came to Bombay in search of jobs and who had similar surnames as Catholics of north Konkan, west Maharashtra. Before 1887 East Indians did not have a fixed or all embracing designation so obviously they referred to themselves as Catholics or Christians. The Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. XIII, Part I, published in 1882, has about 19 pages on the native Christians in which it consistently calls them 'Thana Christians' as Bandra and the rest of Salsette Island was included in Thane District till a few decades ago. The gazetteer was published just five years before the designation 'East Indian' was adopted.
In the whole of India including Bombay only the Goan and Manglorean Catholics know who East Indians are. People living in east India (west Bengal, Assam, Nagaland) are not referred to as East Indians just as people living in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra are not known as West Indians. BELIEVE this - 99.99% of Hindus and Muslims living in Bombay including Hindus and Muslims living in gaothans of East Indians in Bombay have no idea who the East Indians are. Migrants (slum dwellers) and the legal migrants (middle/upper/business class) living in Bombay believe that Bombay was an uninhabited island and they also believe that majority of Catholics living in Bombay are mainly from Goa.
East Indian Gaothans: There are more than 200 East Indian gaothans (villages) spread across Bombay alone. Before 1960 all this gaothans were surrounded by agricultural lands, ponds and wells. First the British who ruled India till 1947 took the agricultural lands of East Indians for various industrial/economic purposes (textile mills, railway factories, railway lines, Sahar, Santa Cruz, Juhu airport, roads, shipyards, Kalina and Colaba military camps, residential complexes, etc) and also gave a lot of agricultural lands of East Indians to Parsi and Gujarati charitable trusts........But the British did not do anything for the welfare of East Indians. This is the reason why many East Indians joined the freedom struggle against the British notable among them was Joseph Kaka Baptista the right hand man of freedom fighter Lokmanya Tilak and the first president of the Home Rule League. Around 25% of the agricultural lands of East Indians in Bombay were taken by the British before 1947; and after 1960 the Maharashtra government took the remaining 75% of the agricultural lands of East Indians in Bombay.
How were these East Indian gaothans formed in Bombay and its surroundings: Hundred's of Centuries back ancestors of East Indians in Bombay built their houses close to one another and formed a gaothans/village, often on a rocky or less fertile spot, so as to leave the surrounding land free for the cultivation of Rice. It is precisely on the former rice fields surrounding a gaothan that town planning schemes, housing societies, Sahar / Juhu / Santa Cruz airports, roads, industrial/residential complexes, SEEPZ, MIDC, industrial areas, Kalina / Bombay University, railway lines, slums, etc have sprung up. East Indians did not build fences around their houses and that's the reason you will find houses in gaothans are very close to one another. The Maharashtra Government during the 1960s took all the agricultural lands of the East Indian Christians by invoking the land acquisition act and town planning act but did not give any compensation or government jobs to East Indians neither gave additional FSIs or concession in property taxes to the gaothans / villages where East Indians were/are living. Due to this many East Indians had suffered economically. Since there are no Additional FSIs for gaothans/villages of East Indians they cannot raise their houses to accommodate additional members of the family. The Maharashtra government and the Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) have 1990 onwards spent more than 25,000 crores of rupees for the welfare of slum dwellers in Bombay including giving free houses of 225 sq. ft. to slum dwellers, but for East Indians even to repair or reconstruct their old and dilapidated houses in their gaothans they have to beg and bribe the BMC. It is very clear from the above that the Maharashtra govt. and the Bombay Municipal Corporation have economically persecuted the East Indian Christians.
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:: SECULAR INDIA ::..