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Bombay talkies: Tracing Bollywood’s history in Peshawar

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Bombay talkies: Tracing Bollywood’s history in Peshawar



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Muhammad Zia’s book is an effort to document the city’s artistes and its role in the formative years of Indian cinema . DESIGN: MUNIRA ABBAS


PESHAWAR:
From the bad guy in Sholay, Amjad Khan, and Indian cinema’s Marilyn Monroe, Madhubala, Peshawar has been home to many Bollywood celebrities, including Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Vinod Khanna and even, Shahrukh Khan.


A recently published book on Peshawar’s theatre and film artistes shows the city’s arty roots are not just confined to Bollywood, but also the metropolitan itself. The publication of the book coincides with Bollywood’s centenary and is a serious effort to document the city’s artistes and its role in the formative years of Indian cinema.

Peshawar ke fankar: theatre aur filmon mein or Peshawar’s artistes in theatre and films is a product of Muhammad Ibrahim Zia’s romance with the silver screen. It started more than half a century ago when Zia’s father, SM Janbaz used to paint cinema hoardings in the early 1940s. He was also a famed calligrapher.

Most cinemas in Peshawar were located outside Kabuli Gate, now known as Cinema Road. Zia runs a printing press in Mohallah Jangi behind Cinema Road and adjacent to Qissa Khwani. He developed a taste for films at a young age. In the introduction to the book, Zia writes about what compelled him to write it – the fact that no one ever wrote about Peshawar when talking about the Bollywood glitterati.

According to Zia, he came across some interesting theories during his research. He claims that during the silent film era, most of the actors were Parsi or Maratha but this changed after the talkies were introduced as most of the actors could not talk in Urdu/Hindi fluently. He said this left the market open for artistes from Peshawar.

He gave the example of Master Vithal who starred in the first Indian talkie, Alam Ara in 1931. Vithal had problems delivering dialogues and the company had to hire an Urdu-speaking munshi to help with the dialogues.

Stage presence

The book also talks about the first theatre company set up in Peshawar by Aga Fazl Ali Shah in 1915. It was right after the First World War in a hall called Serai Natak or theatre inn owned by a Hindu man called Dhanpat Rai in Bajauri Gate area of the city.

The 1932 premier of Alam Ara in Peshawar had a great effect on the theatre business. Zia notes that half way through the 1940s, Serai Natak was shut down and turned into a truck stand. Today, it is still called Serai Natak but deals in car parts.

Tracing the history of cinema in Peshawar, Zia writes the first cinema was established in Qissa Khwani Bazaar and was known for silent films. In 1925, a Hindu businessman built a cinema by the name of Imperial Theatre outside Kabuli Gate. Two more theatres were built there in the following years, mostly by Hindu and Sikh businessmen.

The city’s last cinema was Shabistan located on GT Road and set up by the owner of Evernew Studios, Agha GA Gul.

It was opened for business in 1947 and was Peshawar’s most modern movie theatre. However, it was destroyed last year when an angry mob, protesting over the blasphemous film ‘Innocence of Muslims,’ set it on fire.

Silver screen darlings

Zia has also chronicled the lives of artistes from Peshawar. This takes up much space in the 560-page book which he has dedicated to Gul Hamid, a leading Indian actor who died in the prime of his career. His first role was in A R Kardar’s Sarfarosh. Hamid was from Pirpiai area of what is now Nowshera district. He was known for his good looks and having worked in the first Punjabi film, Heer Ranjha.

Zia also listed 72 movie actors, directors and others related to the film industry from Agha Pir Jan who used to work in Kolkata to Shatir Ghaznavi, poet Qateel Shifai, Agha Talish andKhayyam Sarhadi.

Published in The Express Tribune, December 11th, 2013.

Bombay talkies: Tracing Bollywood’s history in Peshawar – The Express Tribune
 
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Are madam fonts thode chote kar deti.
 
Shahrukh Khan.
Born and brought up in Delhi. His father came to Delhi in 1947 and was a freedom fighter.

History of Indian cinema before 1947:

Following the screening of the Lumière moving pictures in London (1895) cinema became a sensation across Europe and by July 1896 the Lumière films had been in show in Bombay (nowMumbai).[31] In the next year a film presentation by one Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcutta's Star Theatre. With Stevenson's encouragement and camera Hiralal Sen, an Indian photographer, made a film of scenes from that show, namely The Flower of Persia(1898).[32] The Wrestlers (1899) by H. S. Bhatavdekar showing a wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Mumbai was the first film ever to be shot by an Indian. It was also the first Indian documentary film.

The first Indian film released in India was Shree pundalik a silent film in Marathi by Dadasaheb Torne on 18 May 1912 at 'Coronation Cinematograph', Mumbai.[33][34] Some have argued thatPundalik does not deserve the honour of being called the first Indian film because it was a photographic recording of a popular Marathi play, and because the cameraman—a man named Johnson—was a British national and the film was processed in London.[35][36]


producer-director-screenwriterDadasaheb Phalke, the Father of Indian cinema.[6][7][8][9]
The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, Dadasaheb is the pioneer of Indian film industry a scholar on India's languages and culture, who brought together elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harishchandra (1913), a silent film inMarathi. The female roles in the film were played by male actors.[37] The film marked a historic benchmark in the film industry in India. Only one print of the film was made and shown at the Coronation Cinematograph on 3 May 1913. It was a commercial success and paved the way for more such films.

The first Indian chain of cinema theatres was owned by the parsi entrepreneur Jamshedji Framji Madan, who oversaw production of 10 films annually and distributed them throughout the Indian subcontinent starting from 1902.[37] He founded Elphinstone Bioscope Company in Calcutta. Elphinstone merged into Madan Theatres Limited in 1919 which brought many of Bengal's most popular literary works to the stage. He also produced Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra in 1917, a remake of Phalke's Raja Harishchandra (1913).

Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was an Indian artist and a pioneer in the production of silent Indian movies and talkies. Starting from 1909, he was involved in many aspects of Indian cinema's history, like travelling to different regions in Asia, to promote film work. He was the first to build and own cinema halls in Madras. The Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu Award is an annual award incorporated into Nandi Awards to recognise people for their contributions to the Telugu film industry.[38]

During the early twentieth century cinema as a medium gained popularity across India's population and its many economic sections.[31] Tickets were made affordable to the common man at a low price and for the financially capable additional comforts meant additional admission ticket price.[31] Audiences thronged to cinema halls as this affordable medium of entertainment was available for as low as an anna (4 paisa) in Bombay.[31] The content of Indian commercial cinema was increasingly tailored to appeal to these masses.[31] Young Indian producers began to incorporate elements of India's social life and culture into cinema.[39] Others brought with them ideas from across the world.[39] This was also the time when global audiences and markets became aware of India's film industry.[39]

In 1927, the British Government, to promote the market in India for British films over American ones, formed the Indian Cinematograph Enquiry Committee. The ICC consisted of three British and three Indians, led by T. Rangachari, a Madras lawyer.[40] This committee failed to support the desired recommendations of supporting British Film, instead recommending support for the fledgling Indian film industry. Their suggestions were shelved.

Ardeshir Irani released Alam Ara which was the first Indian talking film, on 14 March 1931.[37]H.M. Reddy, produced and directed Bhakta Prahlada (Telugu), released on 15 September 1931 and Kalidas (Tamil)[41] released on 31 October 1931. Kalidas was produced by Ardeshir Irani and directed by H.M. Reddy. These two films are south India's first talkie films to have a theatrical release.[42] Jumai Shasthi was the first Bengali talkie. Following the inception of 'talkies' in India some film stars were highly sought after and earned comfortable incomes through acting.[37] Actor of the time, Chittor V. Nagaiah, was one of the first multilingual film actor, singer, music composer, producer and director's in India. He was known as the Paul Muniof India in the media.[43][44]

In 1933, East India Film Company has produced its first Indian film Sati Savithri Shot in Calcuttaon a budget of
7px-Indian_Rupee_symbol.svg.png
75 thousand, based on a noted stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam, the film was directed by C. Pullaiahcasting stage actors Vemuri Gaggaiah and Dasari Ramathilakam as Yama and Savithri, respectively.[45] The blockbuster film has received an honorary diploma at Venice Film Festival.[46] The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[47] As sound technology advanced, the 1930s saw the rise of music in Indian cinema with musicals such as Indra Sabha and Devi Devyani marking the beginning of song-and-dance in India's films.[37] Studios emerged across major cities such as Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai as film making became an established craft by 1935, exemplified by the success of Devdas, which had managed to enthrall audiences nationwide.[48] 1940 film, Vishwa Mohini, is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi.[49]

Bombay Talkies came up in 1934 and Prabhat Studios in Pune had begun production of films meant for the Marathi languageaudience.[48] Filmmaker R. S. D. Choudhury produced Wrath (1930), banned by the British Raj in India as it depicted actors as Indian leaders, an expression censored during the days of the Indian independence movement.[37] Sant Tukaram, a 1936 film based on the life of Tukaram (1608–50), a Varkari Sant and spiritual poet, was screened at the 1937 edition of Venice Film Festival and thus became the first Indian film to be screened at an international film festival. The film was subsequently adjudged as one of the three best films of the year in the World.[50] In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam, has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Raithu Bidda, which was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar's during the British raj.[51][52]



The Indian Masala film—a slang used for commercial films with song, dance, romance etc.—came up following the second world war.[48] South Indian cinema gained prominence throughout India with the release of S.S. Vasan's Chandralekha.[48] During the 1940s cinema in South Indiaaccounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls and cinema came to be viewed as an instrument of cultural revival.[48] The partition of India following its independence divided the nation's assets and a number of studios went to the newly formed Pakistan.[48] The strife of partition would become an enduring subject for film making during the decades that followed.[48]

After Indian independence the cinema of India was inquired by the S. K. Patil Commission.[53]S.K. Patil, head of the commission, viewed cinema in India as a 'combination of art, industry, and showmanship' while noting its commercial value.[53] Patil further recommended setting up of a Film Finance Corporation under the Ministry of Finance.[54] This advice was later taken up in 1960 and the institution came into being to provide financial support to talented filmmakers throughout India.[54] The Indian government had established a Films Division by 1948 which eventually became one of the largest documentary film producers in the world with an annual production of over 200 short documentaries, each released in 18 languages with 9000 prints for permanent film theatres across the country.[55]

The Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), an art movement with a communist inclination, began to take shape through the 1940s and the 1950s.[53] A number of realistic IPTA plays, such as Bijon Bhattacharya's Nabanna in 1944 (based on the tragedy of theBengal famine of 1943), prepared the ground for the solidification of realism in Indian cinema, exemplified by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas'sDharti Ke Lal (Children of the Earth) in 1946.[53] The IPTA movement continued to emphasize on reality and went on to produce Mother India and Pyaasa, among India's most recognizable cinematic productions.[56](wikipedia)

The root of Indian cinema goes to Bombay and Calcutta, not to the north-west.
 
Born and brought up in Delhi. His father came to Delhi in 1947 and was a freedom fighter.

History of Indian cinema before 1947:



The root of Indian cinema goes to Bombay and Calcutta, not to the north-west.


:what: NVM. when you have biased comprehension of things which are being talked, then you come up with wrong conclusion about the topic.

So once again NVM
 
Madhubala's real surname was Dehlavi which means She was from Delhi. I always thought She was from Delhi.
 
@Truth Finder Promoting film industry was never the agenda of Pakistan's government. In 1947 one of the Muslim League minister said, let the world promote film industry, movies are bad thing, they won't promote it in Pakistan.
 
@Truth Finder Promoting film industry was never the agenda of Pakistan's government. In 1947 one of the Muslim League minister said, let the world promote film industry, movies are bad thing, they won't promote it in Pakistan.


You can keep this political wrangling out of this thread.

The reality is we did promote and still are promoting art.

Period
 
@Spring Onion

From what I have read and going by the number of artists it has produced, Peshawar appears to have been a very happening place and a very socially active one too.

Could you share links or posts to its past - not the Mughal period but how it was say in late 19th & early 20th century .
 
Shah Rukh Khan says he is from so many places,he says he is pathan this pathan that but the reality is he is an adopted son,they dont know who his parents are.
 
Shah Rukh Khan says he is from so many places,he says he is pathan this pathan that but the reality is he is an adopted son,they dont know who his parents are.
And how exactly do you know about this? Any credible sources to quote or shooting blanks as usual?
 

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