BHarwana
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In the final stages of its flight, an anti-ship missile dives down to a very low level until it is "sea skimming". The Sunburn actually flies at just 20 metres. This is so low that you don't even need stealth - the missile just hugs the horizon and is out of line of sight, therefore cannot be detected by radars. It is only until it approaches to very close range that it passes the horizon and is visible. But at this stage, the ship's defences only have 25 seconds to react because the missile is flying at Mach 2.2. The Sunburn can also pull 10 g in this stage.
Speed is absolutely necessary to attack ships, hypersonics are a whole different ball game and only Russia is working on a hypersonic ASCM (note: cruise missile).
When the missile is high in air that is where the Aegis system takes is out but if to some what reasons the Aegis fails then Phalanx CIWS comes into action and takes out the system but in any case there are chances of success and failure. The Best example is of Israeli Ship being destroyed by Hezbollah using a Chinese missile system. That is the most recent example and of an Advance ship being taken out by a missile.