Chanakya's_Chant
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Essay is not graded with a ruler, you can write as much as you want but you can't argue against historical facts. Ancient India refers to the Indian subcontinent, not country. It is a geographical expression. Indian subcontinent was never one country; Maurya was 2000 years ago and it lasted only 130 years, but that's not even 5% of your history timeline. The rest of your history, you were a myriad of different kingdoms.
Before British came, you have Mughals, Maratha empire, Nizam of Hyderabad, Tipu sultan.... How is that called one country?? A country/empire is defined by sovereignty, not religion or culture. Middle East shares the same civilization but they have different caliphates. Ditto East Asia. Roman empire was a mix mash of different people, but there was only one empire.
The partition was not imposed by the British, the people who demanded it, specifically the muslims. Is that not proof that you were never one country?? After 1947, you even had to invade and coerce other princely states to join India. I'm flabbergasted that anyone with an college education would argue otherwise. You don't even need a degree, just read a college history book.
The political picture in pre-british India
The poilitical picture in pre-british India was that parts of India were ruled by different Kings called the Maharaja, and would report to the strongest of all who would be the ruler of entire Indian subcontinent and was called the Chakravarti. Chakravarti means the turner of the wheel, implying history repeats itself!
Any Maharaja (who ruled a part of India) can become a Chakravarti (ruler of entire India) if all other Maharajas bow down to his power. Maharajas who ruled under a Chakravarti were called Samanta Rajas. Samanta Rajas would pay annual tax to the Chakravarti.
Some of the Chakravartis who ruled entire India (which included present India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) were Ashoka, Ikshvaku, Shibi, Bindusara, Adinath, Shanthinath, Bharatha (After whom India was named as Bharat), etc
So it was not the british who united India for the first time apart from the Mauryans itself
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Source:- Chakravartin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bharata (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Secondly the Hyderabad was Province of the Mughal Empire only after which it was granted - not a totally independent province in any case.
Hyderabad State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Creation of Pakistan
Some countries are mistakes. Most of the mistakes are in Africa, where 19th Century European colonialists carved up the continent without regard to the settlement patterns of native tribes, or in the Middle East, where after World War I Britain and France carved up the corpse of the Ottoman Empire to suit their needs of the time. An example is Iraq, which cobbled together three groups will little in common and less fondness for each other to create a kingdom for a Saudi prince who had been useful during the Great War.
The colonists are long gone, but the consequences of their mistakes endure. Copious amounts of blood have been shed in civil wars between hostile tribes lumped together in the same artificial "country." The most egregious example is the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 in which up to a million people were killed. The colonial mistakes in Africa and the Middle East were driven by arrogance and greed. But the most dangerous mistake was caused by an excess of political correctness and fits the case of the British of India.
Muslims had ruled India for roughly 800 years before the arrival of the British, and did so brutally.
"The Mohammedan conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history," "It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precarious thing, whose delicate complex of order and liberty, culture and peace may at any time be overthrown by barbarians invading from without or multiplying within."
- Historian Will Durant
Will Durant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Some of the clueless Muslims feared the Hindu majority under a democracy - one man one vote - would treat them as badly as they'd treated the Hindus before the British came, so they insisted on a country of their own. The result was Pakistan, a collection of disparate groups who have nothing in common except their religion.
A clue to how big a mistake Pakistan is is its name. "Stan" is a suffix, which means "land of." Thus, Kazakhstan is the land of the Kazakhs, Uzbekistan is land of the Uzbeks, Turkmenistan is land of the Turkmen, and so on.
So who are the Paks? PAK is an acronym for Punjab, Afghan and Kashmir. The Punjabis are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan (45 percent). But the Afghans are in another country, and much of Kashmir is in India.
If Pakistan was an exclusive land for the Muslims only - then what about those 160 million Muslims whose ancestors didn't choose Pakistan at the time of partition?????
Since partition, Pakistan has started, and lost, two wars with India over Kashmir and in 1970, one over Bengal, then known as East Pakistan, now the independent country of Bangladesh.
India has been a parliamentary democracy since independence, and has treated its 160 million strong Muslim minority pretty well. India has become one of the world's great powers, while Pakistan has been sinking into a sea of corruption and political instability.
If a Muslim can head India’s Intelligence Bureau, can a Hindu ever be DG ISI? – The Express Tribune Blog
"If India had stayed in one piece with Hindus and Moslems democratically competing in political parties, it would be a superpower today, larger and stronger than China," "But in place of an Asian superpower, we have two militaries at each other's throats, both armed with nuclear weapons, and presenting the world's best chance for nuclear war."
- Journalist and Author John Neville Wheeler
John Neville Wheeler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Invade and coercer the Princely states??? - we took our land back which rightfully belonged to us as you did it to Tibet isn't it?.....
Blaming British for India's slow development? The rise of the west was due to industrialization. Are you seriously arguing India was going to industrialize if the British didn't colonize??? Industrialization was a British/western invention, not Asians. None of the great powers of Asia managed it, even China did not. Only Japan did, that's mainly due to Matthew Perry.
On what basis are you going to argue Mughals era India would suddenly industrialized on its own??The foundation of industrialization was built upon the Age of Enlightenment. Was there one in Mughals' India?
Great depression was a factor? Even Brenton Wood Gold Standard? How lame can you get really? Their impact is worldwide, not specific to British India ONLY.
And what happened post 1947? Whatever damage that was done, British left you with a modern infrastructure and governance model with English common laws and parliamentary democracy. You were shield from WW2. You had a better platform to rebuild your new country than all other Asian countries which had to suffer the destruction of WW2. Why didn't you industrialize? What were you doing? Nothing except finding lame excuse blaming British colonization that happened 200 years ago.
No matter what fact and figures are presented you guys are not going to believe then. #Waste of time....
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Graphical Analysis of Indian Economy share to the World's GDP.
Research by Angus Madisson 2010
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Study of History of Global economies by Angus Madisson (OECD Chairman)
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World Economic History
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According to world economic historian Angus Maddison in his book Contours of the world economy, 1-2030 AD: essays in macro-economic history, India had the world's largest economy during the years 1 AD and 1000 AD.
During the Maurya Empire (c. 321-185 BC), there were a number of important changes and developments to the Indian economy. It was the first time most of India was unified under one ruler. With an empire in place, the trade routes throughout India became more secure thereby reducing the risk associated with the transportation of goods. The empire spent considerable resources building roads and maintaining them throughout India. The improved infrastructure combined with increased security, greater uniformity in measurements, and increasing usage of coins as currency enhanced trade.
The gross domestic product of India in the 16th century was estimated at about 25.1% of the world economy.
An estimate of India's pre-colonial economy puts the annual revenue of India's treasury in 1600 at £17.5 million (in contrast to the entire treasury of Great Britain two hundred years later in 1800, which totaled £16 million). The gross domestic product of India in 1600 was estimated at about 24.3% the world economy, the second largest in the world.
British rule
After gaining the right to collect revenue in Bengal in 1765, the East India Company largely ceased importing gold and silver, which it had hitherto used to pay for goods shipped back to Britain. In addition, as under Mughal rule, land revenue collected in the Bengal Presidency helped finance the Company's wars in other part of India. Consequently, in the period 1760-1800, Bengal's money supply was greatly diminished; furthermore, the closing of some local mints and close supervision of the rest, the fixing of exchange rates, and the standardization of coinage, paradoxically, added to the economic downturn. During the period, 1780–1860, India changed from being an exporter of processed goods for which it received payment in bullion, to being an exporter of raw materials and a buyer of manufactured goods. More specifically, in the 1750s, mostly fine cotton and silk was exported from India to markets in Europe, Asia, and Africa; by the second quarter of the 19th century, raw materials, which chiefly consisted of raw cotton, opium, and indigo, accounted for most of India's exports. Also, from the late 18th century British cotton mill industry began to lobby the government to both tax Indian imports and allow them access to markets in India. Starting in the 1830s, British textiles began to appear in—and soon to inundate—the Indian markets, with the value of the textile imports growing from £5.2 million 1850 to £18.4 million in 1896.
The British colonial rule created an institutional environment that did stabilize the law and order situation to a large extent. The British foreign policies however stifled the trade with rest of the world. They created a well-developed system of railways, telegraphs and a modern legal system. The infrastructure the British created was mainly geared towards the exploitation of resources in the world and totally stagnant, with industrial development stalled, agriculture unable to feed a rapidly accelerating population. They were subject to frequent famines, had one of the world's lowest life expectancies, suffered from pervasive malnutrition and were largely illiterate.
Declining GDP
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British economist, Angus Maddison argues that India's share of the world income went from 27% in 1700 (compared to Europe's share of 23%) to 3% in 1950. While Indian leaders during the Independence struggle and left-nationalist economic historians have blamed the colonial rule for the dismal state of India's economy, a broader macroeconomic view of India during this period reveals that there were segments of both growth and decline, resulting from changes brought about by colonialism. As the world was moving from agriculture towards industrialization and economic integration, investment in Indian industries was limited since it was a colony.
Chavali's Vande Mataram: Silver Looted from India Discovered in Atlantic Confiscated by the British Govt
Economy of India under Company rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Economic history of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia