India sent a part of its force to stop the chinese in case they attacked and it was winter the passages were blocked with snow,We were prepared for a 3 way war.
China in North blocked by 8 Mountain Divisions.
West Pakistan Engaged by Western Command of Indian Army.
Eastern Command fighting Eastern Pakistani forces and Indian Navy blockade of Bangladesh ports.
China didn't involve most probably because Indira Gandhi signed a treaty of Friendship with soviet union.Before the commencement of war Indira Gandhi went on a world tour to convince and get support for the people of East Pakistan Genocide and the humanitarian and refugee crisis in India.
Almost all western countries the so called promoters of Democracy and human rights couldn't intervene to help pakistan.
Only USA and UK intervened.
There was meticulous preparation done by Sam Manekshaw who took a good 6 months to prepare for all eventualities in war and went ahead.
Check his videos on youtibe
Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
China didn't want to be seen as helping West by attacking India while Pakistan and India were at war.That would have portrayed them as opportunists in front of the communist world ,where India could have been a potential communist country according to the plans of soviet union and communists.
American most surely would have attacked it Sent its Task force 74 fleet to Indian Ocean to sink Indian Aircraft carrier and help pakistan with air and naval support in the war, it was only when they saw the Russian Fleet did they back down.
Foreign reaction and involvement
United States and Soviet Union
The
Blood Telegram
The Soviet Union sympathised with the Bangladeshis, and supported the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini during the war, recognising that the independence of Bangladesh would weaken the position of its rivals—the United States and China. The USSR gave assurances to India that if a confrontation with the United States or China developed, it would take counter-measures. This assurance was enshrined in the
Indo-Soviet friendship treaty signed in August 1971.
[75]
The United States supported Pakistan both politically and materially. President
Richard Nixon and his Secretary of State
Henry Kissinger feared Soviet expansion into South and Southeast Asia.
[76] Pakistan was a close ally of the People's Republic of China, with whom Nixon had been negotiating a
rapprochement and where he intended to visit in February 1972. Nixon feared that an Indian invasion of
West Pakistan would mean total Soviet domination of the region, and that it would seriously undermine the global position of the United States and the regional position of America's new tacit ally, China. Nixon encouraged countries like
Jordanand
Iran to send military supplies to Pakistan
[77] while also encouraging China to increase its arms supplies to Pakistan. The Nixon administration also ignored reports it received of the "genocidal" activities of the Pakistani Army in East Pakistan, most notably the
Blood telegram. This prompted widespread criticism and condemnation both by the
United States Congress and in the international press.
[36][78][79]
Then-US ambassador to the United Nations
George H.W. Bush—later 41st President of the United States—introduced a resolution in the UN Security Council calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and Pakistan. It was vetoed by the Soviet Union. The following days witnessed a great pressure on the Soviets from the Nixon-Kissinger duo to get India to withdraw, but to no avail.
[80]
It has been documented that President Nixon requested Iran and Jordan to send their F-86, F-104 and F-5 fighter jets in aid of Pakistan.
[81]
When Pakistan's defeat in the eastern sector seemed certain, Nixon deployed
Task Force 74 led by the aircraft carrier
USSEnterprise into the
Bay of Bengal. The
Enterprise and its escort ships arrived on station on 11 December 1971. According to a Russian documentary, the United Kingdom deployed a carrier battle group led by the aircraft carrier
HMS Eagle to the Bay,
[75][82] although this is unlikely as the
Eagle was decommissioned at
Portsmouth, England in January 1972.
On 6 and 13 December, the
Soviet Navy dispatched two groups of cruisers and destroyers and a submarine armed with nuclear missiles from
Vladivostok;
[75] they trailed US Task Force 74 into the Indian Ocean from 18 December 1971 until 7 January 1972. The Soviets also had a nuclear submarine to help ward off the threat posed by USS
Enterprise task force in the Indian Ocean.
[83][84]
China
As a long-standing ally of Pakistan, the People's Republic of China reacted with alarm to the evolving situation in East Pakistan and the prospect of India invading West Pakistan and Pakistani-controlled
Kashmir. Believing that just such an Indian attack was imminent, Nixon encouraged China to mobilise its armed forces along its border with India to discourage it. The Chinese did not, however, respond to this encouragement, because unlike the 1962
Sino-Indian War when India was caught entirely unaware, this time the Indian Army was prepared and had deployed eight mountain divisions to the Sino-Indian border to guard against such an eventuality.
[85] China instead threw its weight behind demands for an immediate ceasefire.
When Bangladesh applied for membership to the United Nations in 1972, China vetoed their application
[86] because two United Nations resolutions regarding the repatriation of Pakistani prisoners of war and civilians had not yet been implemented.
[87] China was also among the last countries to recognise independent Bangladesh, refusing to do so until 31 August 1975.
[86][88]
