China’s political system is unique and largely misunderstood by outsiders, in large part because of misinformation. It has also changed considerable over time, since the Mao era.
1- China is a Republic and under China's constitution - Article 3 The State organs of the People’s Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism.
The National People’s Congress (parliament equivalent) and the local people’s congresses at various levels are constituted through elections. They are responsible to the people and subject to their supervision. All administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the State are created by the people’s congresses to which they are responsible and by which they are supervised.
Article 34 All citizens of the People’s Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law.
Democracy, where by the people have input into how they are governed, is a desired ideal that lives within a structure and a process, but not predefined ones. Democracy is not defined by one input or outcome. There are many variations of what democratic elements can look like.
2- Are there democratic elements in how China is governed ?
Absolutely. The system for electing is bottom-up hierarchical approach with each lower tier of government electing members to the next higher tier. Similar to a pyramid beginning with a very broad base and ending with a very few positions at the top.
The bottom tier of governance begins by according all adult villagers the right to vote for members to their village congress. Candidates can be from any of the 6 or 7 different recognized political parties or run as an independent. This is direct election by the people of their representative.
Beyond the first tier we have “in-direct” election by the people’s representatives. In other words - the people’s representative votes for their representatives to the next higher tier and so on and so on. This goes on until the level of the National People’s Congress, of which at last election, about 30% are not members of the CPC.
The government has established term limits and age limits to positions within the pyramid to allow for constant turn over of leadership and a system of regular elections, avoiding personal dynasties.
3- Is the Premier of China or The President of China elected - yes. Are they elected directly by the people - no.
They are elected by the People’s National Congress.
On the other hand, neither is the President of the US, the Prime Ministers of Canada or the UK elected directly by the people. One is chosen by the Electoral College and the others through their party having the most seats in a general election.
4- How does the central government function?
The central government with input from it’s technical experts, National Party Congress, the CPC and various standing committees ….. establishes high level national goals and policies (economic and social) to be achieved. These are then passed downward for each Province to achieve, with a lot of discretion for implementation. Provincial leaders will cascade down these requirements to their lower ranks.
5- How do people rise within government roles?
China operates a meritocracy system. (1) They are elected to that position by peers, (2) they must have experience at lower levels, (3) they must have succeeded in prior roles, (4) leaders are not politicians, they are technocrats, with university education.
No one reaches the top ranks until they have served many decades of success in governing people.
To be elected by peers one must be well liked as well as competent. One developers strong personal relationships.
6- Summary
The system functions as a unique blend of various governing ideology, including drawing a lot from Confucianism on how one should govern, their responsibilities and the importance of a stable society. Without being elected directly by the people, senior leaders can concentrate on what is best for the country as a whole.
In general governance has progressively responded over decades to serve the interests of majority of the people in giving them a secure and stable society, with a positive outlook for the future
What is China's political system?author
:Ray Comeau
Answer (1 of 34): A2A. (Sorry for the delay been traveling.) China’s political system is unique and largely misunderstood by outsiders, in large part because of misinformation. It has also changed considerable over time, since the Mao era. 1- China is a Republic and under China's constitution -...
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