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Why Pak army entered so late into the 1948 war of Kashmir?

Read the first page & page 4 of this essay , PA was involved from the start disguised as Razakars

http://web.mit.edu/ssp/seminars/wed_archives_2010fall/Fair_militancy_pak.pdf


The fact is that the PA has had a long-standing use of a military doctrine of hiding itself behind the 'shalwar-kameezes' of assorted wild tribal or religious "Yahoos" who have been variously name Mujahidden, Razakars or whatever. That conforms well to the "Doctrine of Plausible Deniability" which is something close to a religious doctrine. Simply put, it allows the State (and the PA) to act through proxies but say to the World: hey its not us doing all this, but some 'Orang-Utans' or some half-wild creatures unconnected to us who are responsible for all this.
And a neat euphemism for these "Yahoos" has also been coined------Non-State Actors.......

This Policy was created in 1947 and has been religiously followed right upto Musharraffff's misadventure in Kargil in 1999 and beyond. This Policy has even led to the PA having to disown its dead soldiers whether in 1947 or 1999 in a cruel charade perpetrated on it own faujis time and again.

As the Monograph quoted above explains the facts:
"While the contemporary narratives suggest that Pakistan began using militants and Islamists as a tool of foreign policy after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, in fact, Pakistan’s first dalliance with irregular warfare took place in 1947, soon after Pakistan became independent.

In prosecuting such conflicts Pakistan has relied upon irregular fighters and razakars (volunteers), as well as regular fighters drawn from the military, paramilitary, and intelligence agencies. These regular fighters usually were dressed “in mufti,” or disguised as irregular fighters."


Even the reasons for this misconceived policy gets explained a little later in the paragraph:
"The employment of mujahedeen or regular troops disguised as such has been the fundament of Pakistan’s denial and deception efforts to convince domestic and international audiences that these asymmetric operations were conducted by non-state actors, thereby conferring “plausible” deniability to shield the state from retribution."


However; the underlined part above was never achieved.....the PA could never pull it off. Every such effort only led to a full-fledged war as the monograph avers:
"The problem with this strategy is that it has resulted in three wars in 1947-48, 1965 and 1999 as well as several “crisis slides” that have brought India and Pakistan to the brink of conflict."

Thus one can conclude that this half-cocked policy did not achieve anything at all. It only led to the dismemberment of Pakistan, it led to Pakistan gaining the image of a rogue terrorist State; and worst of all, it has created a huge force of violent religious 'mad-men' who have now put the State of Pakistan in their "cross-hairs".

Now, @Samandri ; to answer you core-question: "why did the PA enter later into the conflict?"
Or more correctly speaking: "why did the PA eventually drop the 'naqab' and then expose its own role and presence?"

The answer can be found, going further in the monograph:
"The first such asymmetric venture of 1947 at first involved support for mid-level officers in the army corps but later, as the conflict expanded into a full-fledged war, the entirety of the army became engaged."

The reason for this is: the "pawns" or the foot-soldiers in this plan to infiltrate and attack Jammu and Kashmir were mainly tribals trained and led by PA regulars and Officers in mufti. After some time, these "soldiers" lost sight of their supposed military objectives and resorted to the more familiar and comfortable activities of looting and rape of the local Kashmiris. Their activities in Baramula (for example) are now well documented. Thus they got bogged down completely and even worse; the local poulace turned against them and fought them fiercely. In the mean-while the IA had commenced counter-attacking and pushing them back effectively. That is when the PA saw its plans going up in some unholy smoke and dropped its masquerade and exposed itself.
That is the answer to your question.
This may have been the first time that the PA had to do this ; but it was not the last time. It had to do it again and again, even upto the denouement and debacle in Kargil.
 
Then local kashmiris should be blamed for not capturing sri nagar, if they have liberated AJK. All sources agree that sudhan ex-soldiers alone were numbering 50,000. It was job of those sudhans , rajas and mirpuris to capture sri nagar.

The only thing is weather some men from lashkar looted/raped or not. I am sure they could have gotten few rotis from poor of Kashmiris of valley who they were liberating and fighting for. I heard this excuse from you before but in entirely different context.

Edit: And remember average Pakistani believe lashkar liberated G-B and AJK, ignoring completely local tribes. Anyway poorly armed local muslim tribes liberated AJK/GB. This again proved if they were united then Kashmir could have been under muslims long before 1947.

I don't know who is to blame here, but seem like to many muslim "chiefs" in different areas were always at each other throat. I am glad so called chiefs no longer exist in Punjab. Also time for lashkars are over, join pure army to show how brave you are.
 
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In the end .Pakistan has been losing in past 60 years of its humiliation.

India took away Hyderabad.(nizam of hyderabad wanted to be pakistan part)
India took away Gujarat (king of gujarat wanted gujarat to be part of Pakistan)
India took away Kashmir.(muslim majority of kashmir valley wanted to be pakistani)
India took away East Pakistan (RAW used muslim bengali communists to achieve its objectives)
India now in process taking away Balochistan and Waziristan.(RAW using marxists and talibunnies to achieve its objectives)

In the end ,Pakistan can do nothing to stop India.
 
The only thing is weather some men from lashkar looted/raped or not. I am sure they could have gotten few rotis from poor of Kashmiris of valley who they were liberating and fighting for. I heard this excuse from you before but in entirely different context.
Nope, the only question you should be asking is, whose job was it to capture srinagar?. Obviously it was pak army's job and they didnt do it for some specific reasons. Next are local kashmiris, the rajas, sudhans , mirpuris who liberated most of azad kashmir and were at least 60,000 strong. It was their job to capture srinagar airport. Tribals were not even supposed to be there, they should have been stopped from entering into kashmir. Khyber rifles, kurram militia, tochi scouts etc (which constitute FC nowadays) should have been sent to kashmir, just like chitral and gilgat scouts were sent.
 
In the end .Pakistan has been losing in past 60 years of its humiliation.

India took away Hyderabad.(nizam of hyderabad wanted to be pakistan part)
India took away Gujarat (king of gujarat wanted gujarat to be part of Pakistan)
India took away Kashmir.(muslim majority of kashmir valley wanted to be pakistani)
India took away East Pakistan (RAW used muslim bengali communists to achieve its objectives)
India now in process taking away Balochistan and Waziristan.(RAW using marxists and talibunnies to achieve its objectives)

In the end ,Pakistan can do nothing to stop India.

Hi,

Yes it can---when there is no face saving in defeat----then the end results are terrible for both the loser an victor---and supposedly when the loser possesses options to neutralize.
 
please send them. They will be good fertilizer for the soil.
From what i have observed, pashtuns in general have bycotted kashmir jihad. In Bannu some waziri men beat up the JUD guys (of hafiz saeed) when they were found asking for chanda for kashmir jihad after eid prayers. Pakistani military establishment has also removed the entire pashtun component from kashmir jihad since 2001 and 2004. I dont think pashtun jihadists will be ever trusted by pak military after TTP episode.
 
Pashtun warriors entered into Kashmir on october 1947. Indian army entered into kashmir to deal with tribesmen on november 1947 while pak army entered into the war after five months, in May 1948.
1- Why few thousands ill-equipped tribesmen were forwarded to face Indian army with tanks and air force for whole five months?. What were the activities of pak army in this interval?.
2- On official website of Pak army, on page about 1948 war of kashmir, there is not a even single mention of pashtun tribals. What does it mean?. They want to tell us that tribals acted independently and pak army had nothing to do with them? Or that "fodders" are not worthy of mention and credit?.
Kashmir War 1947 - 49

Edit: Was general gracey the reason of that long delay? Why general gracey was not fired for insobordination?

Indo-Pakistan War of 1947


just like mujahiddin in kargil.. tribes during 47 war.. world accepted fact is... Pakistan started invading kashmir.. when maharaja decision was on pending. .. pak feared that maharaja is tilting towards India...
 
From what i have observed, pashtuns in general have bycotted kashmir jihad. In Bannu some waziri men beat up the JUD guys (of hafiz saeed) when they were found asking for chanda for kashmir jihad after eid prayers. Pakistani military establishment has also removed the entire pashtun component from kashmir jihad since 2001 and 2004. I dont think pashtun jihadists will be ever trusted by pak military after TTP episode.
No :-) JUD and HM are full of Pushtuns.
 
there are various confusing narratives, depending on the account/source one looks to. i think the most reasonable, balanced view based on all these sources is.. that yes, some pashtuns in the lashkar engaged in this. but they were small minority. and the reason was they did not have proper funding/supplies. for them it was a raid, plain and simple. muslim brotherhood with kashmiris was not as important, when ideas of faqir of ipi and anp traitors still held some currency in tribal areas.

that said, the blame falls entirely on whoever was in charge of planning, logistics and promising them more treasure in srinagar. that whole line of thinking is wrong. any force fighting for the cause should have been given adequate supplies. nationalistic fervour among muslims of punjab was very strong, and one could have easily gathered enough money from even poorest villages by invoking Pakistaniyat and kashmir cause.

unfortunately the congressi propaganda was very strong in kashmir valley. they essentially blocked out news of dogra genocide of muslims in jammu, and highlighted baramulla or surrounding areas trying to make it look like kashmir being invaded by foreigners. sheikh abdullah had a big role to play in this, and kashmiris followed what he said. until they realized bania nehru cannot be trusted after he put sk abdullah in jail, rest is history.

it is best to admit we all made mistakes, and did not uphold sacrifice of our martyrs worthily. we could and should have done much more. but most important is to highlight the choice of kashmiris as a fundamental universal human right, through purely political, humanitarian and non violent method. this is only way for plebiscite now.
 

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