Ismail I (
Persian: اسماعیل,
romanized:
Esmāʿīl, pronounced
[esmɒːʔiːl]; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as
Shah Ismail I (شاه اسماعیل), was the founder of the
Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as
Shah of
Iran (
Persia).
One of his first actions, was the proclamation of the
Twelver sect of
Shia Islam to be the official religion of his newly formed state, which had major consequences for the ensuing history of Iran. Furthermore, this drastic act also gave him a political benefit of separating the growing Safavid state from its strong
Sunni neighbors—the
Ottoman Empire to the west and the
Uzbek confederation to the east. However, it brought into the Iranian body politic the implied inevitability of consequent conflict between the shah, the design of a "
secular" state, and the religious leaders, who saw all secular states as unlawful and whose absolute ambition was a theocratic state.