Tesla to set up electric car manufacturing unit in India’s Karnataka State😎!

[safari2021]

Thank You oh clueless one, for trying to upload a hyperlink to a livemint story from 2010 (and failing).

Bangladeshi patients go to India for medical tourism because your kanjoosi facilities are CHEAP, not for any other reason. If you are complaining, we will go to facilities in say Thailand or Malaysia, who appreciate our patronization. But then your Doctors and Nurses would starve, and not even have burnt Chapatis to eat...

And Chip fabs don't grow on trees. Do you even know or have a clue??

FABs cost Billions of dollars to build, I'm pretty sure this ISRO story is another brain fart from Godi Media....

Most of the Bangladeshi doctors don't have any clue of patients and their diseases, Most of the time they are clueless and take LONG time to detect the disease which ultimately leads to demise of the patients or not so good results. Not to mention the cost is absolutely ridiculous. On the other hand, Indian doctors are well equipped and knowledgeable, know what they are doing and more importantly the cost is all most same as Bangladesh, in some cases less. So you tell me, Why anyone with sane mind would waste their money of Bangladeshi hospitals?

Most of the Bangladeshi doctors don't have any clue of patients and their diseases, Most of the time they are clueless and take LONG time to detect the disease which ultimately leads to demise of the patients or not so good results. Not to mention the cost is absolutely ridiculous. On the other hand, Indian doctors are well equipped and knowledgeable, know what they are doing and more importantly the cost is all most same as Bangladesh, in some cases less. So you tell me, why anyone with sane mind would waste their money on Bangladeshi hospitals?

Most of the Bangladeshi doctors don't have any clue of patients and their diseases, Most of the time they are clueless and take LONG time to detect the disease which ultimately leads to demise of the patients or not so good results. Not to mention the cost is absolutely ridiculous. On the other hand, Indian doctors are well equipped and knowledgeable, know what they are doing and more importantly the cost is all most same as Bangladesh, in some cases less. So you tell me, why anyone with sane mind would waste their money on Bangladeshi hospitals?

 

[Bilal9]

Most of the Bangladeshi doctors don't have any clue of patients and their diseases, Most of the time they are clueless and take LONG time to detect the disease which ultimately leads to demise of the patients or not so good results. Not to mention the cost is absolutely ridiculous. On the other hand, Indian doctors are well equipped and knowledgeable, know what they are doing and more importantly the cost is all most same as Bangladesh, in some cases less. So you tell me, Why anyone with sane mind would waste their money of Bangladeshi hospitals?

Yup - so the Indian doctors studying in Bangladesh Medical colleges have none of this glorious medical "knowledge" ??

Also - why are Indian medical students coming to Bangladesh to study then?

 

[FairAndUnbiased]

The mission computer of Tejas uses a 32-bit processor based on Power ISA developed by Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL). Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL) is a laboratory under the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Delhi its primary function is research in the field of Solid State Materials, Devices and Sub-systems. Their activities include development of semi-conductor materials, solid state devices, electronic components/sub-systems and investigation of solid state materials/devices for futuristic defence applications

@Bilal9 @jamahir

This is an example of the arrogance we see every day from certain people.

First, 32-bit processors are nothing special. Commodity ARM and RISC-V microprocessors cost maybe $1 each when bought in bulk, $3-5 when bought individually. Second, the processor architecture isn't the hard part about aerospace computers, the hard part is the sensors, networking and hardening. For instance, you need specialized connectors and packaging to harden against vacuum, heat, X-ray, vibration, etc and to ensure that no single error can cause any major malfunctions. The biggest problem is physical failure for aerospace electronics. Finally, you need a databus and connection between components with a highly robust, interference resistant protocol that resists jamming, noise and other problems so that even in complex environments the parts can all talk to each other.

 

[safari2021]

Yup - so the Indian doctors studying in Bangladesh Medical colleges have none of this glorious medical "knowledge" ??

Also - why are Indian medical students coming to Bangladesh to study then?

Bangladeshi illegal immigrants who fled India fearing NRC return in search of jobs | India News - Times of India

India News: KOLKATA: Bangladeshis evicted from the country or those who left by themselves during the turmoil that followed the National Register of Citizens (NRC.

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

 

[Bilal9]

@Bilal9 @jamahir

This is an example of the arrogance we see every day from certain people.

First, 32-bit processors are nothing special. Commodity ARM and RISC-V microprocessors cost maybe $1 each when bought in bulk, $3-5 when bought individually. Second, the processor architecture isn't the hard part about aerospace computers, the hard part is the sensors, networking and hardening. For instance, you need specialized connectors and packaging to harden against vacuum, heat, X-ray, vibration, etc and to ensure that no single error can cause any major malfunctions. The biggest problem is physical failure for aerospace electronics. Finally, you need a databus and connection between components with a highly robust, interference resistant protocol that resists jamming, noise and other problems so that even in complex environments the parts can all talk to each other.

Exactly brother - there is such a thing as MIL SPECS in the US for exactly those reasons and why those packaging measures cost so much extra money.

The people who are boasting about the 32 bit processors have no clue about anything electronics, they are just chest thumping.

 

[safari2021]

@Bilal9 @jamahir

This is an example of the arrogance we see every day from certain people.

First, 32-bit processors are nothing special. Commodity ARM and RISC-V microprocessors cost maybe $1 each when bought in bulk, $3-5 when bought individually. Second, the processor architecture isn't the hard part about aerospace computers, the hard part is the sensors, networking and hardening. For instance, you need specialized connectors and packaging to harden against vacuum, heat, X-ray, vibration, etc and to ensure that no single error can cause any major malfunctions. The biggest problem is physical failure for aerospace electronics. Finally, you need a databus and connection between components with a highly robust, interference resistant protocol that resists jamming, noise and other problems so that even in complex environments the parts can all talk to each other.

Tejas comes with flight utility system and management system (USMS) to monitor various parameters from sensors like ADA developed hybrid environmental monitoring and control system (EMCS),...
The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under Department of Defence Research and Development (DR&D) of India's Ministry of Defence was established at Bangalore, in 1984 to oversee the development of the nation's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme.

 

[FairAndUnbiased]

Exactly brother - there is such a thing as MIL SPECS in the US for exactly those reasons and why those packaging measures cost so much extra money.

The people who are boasting about the 32 bit processors have no clue about anything electronics, they are just chest thumping.

The actual processor behind the hardened computers are not that powerful. For example, US hardened computers are based on a PowerPC ISA from 1990's that use to go into iMacs.

It's all about the packaging: you use SoI instead of pure Si substrate (SoI being a mature technology used in RF and photonics), SRAM instead of DRAM and add redundancy (multiple processors simultaneously being fed info then comparing results). You use a larger process like 150 nm. You can further add software level error correction. etc etc.

Tejas comes with flight utility system and management system (USMS) to monitor various parameters from sensors like ADA developed hybrid environmental monitoring and control system (EMCS),...
The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under Department of Defence Research and Development (DR&D) of India's Ministry of Defence was established at Bangalore, in 1984 to oversee the development of the nation's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme.

Sure, I agree it has all these features. If it didn't, Tejas wouldn't even fly. But just because it flies at the bare minimum, doesn't mean its good or that it offers anything innovative.

 

[Hephaestus]

Yeah whatever Mr. Maruti 800 owner.

Now go have lunch. Your 'half burnt chapati and onion' kanjoosi lunch is ready.

Yes, we had a Maruti 800 back in 1989-1990. Loved it to bits. I would blast songs on it much to the annoyance of my father. By the way, my household had 3 of them back then.

Which rickshaw were you travelling/riding then?

 

[safari2021]

Yup - so the Indian doctors studying in Bangladesh Medical colleges have none of this glorious medical "knowledge" ??

Also - why are Indian medical students coming to Bangladesh to study then?

https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/lt-enters-bangladesh-with-mega-value-orders/2175377/

L&T's construction arm wins large transmission orders in Bangladesh

While the company didn't disclose the value of the contracts bagged by the power transmission and distribution business, as per its project classification, large projects have a value of Rs 2,500 crore to Rs 5,000 crore

www.businesstoday.in

 

[jamahir]

Isro eyeing new chip unit as more firms take to skies

The agency looks to build an additional fab at SCL, its Chandigarh chip making facility.

economictimes.indiatimes.com

The article mentions a "Vikram processor" but doesn't say if the processor is an indigenous design or some Western design given an Indian name.

The Indian Ministry of IT ( MeitY ) is currently running a competition called 'Swadeshi Microprocessor Challenge' which calls for Indian individuals, student groups or companies to use two government-provided processor designs and implement some application of them. Applications like a automatic weather station or any other.

What is the catch ? These two processors - called Vega and Shakti - from CDAC and IIT-Madras, respectively, are simply Indian implementations of the international open source project RISC-V. I don't see what is so Indian and intellectual about this.

I am sure the Vikram processor is also an Indian / ISRO implementation of a Western design.

The mission computer of Tejas uses a 32-bit processor based on Power ISA developed by Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL). Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL) is a laboratory under the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Delhi its primary function is research in the field of Solid State Materials, Devices and Sub-systems. Their activities include development of semi-conductor materials, solid state devices, electronic components/sub-systems and investigation of solid state materials/devices for futuristic defence applications

The highlighted words "Power ISA"... they point to an Indian implementation of the IBM open source processor design called Power.

For more details please read this Wikipedia page.

He invented the first Pentium Processor that made Intel the world’s biggest chip-maker. He then invented the AMD K6, popularly known as the ‘Pentium Killer’.

Firstly, AMD processors use the same ISA ( Instruction Set Architecture ) as Intel x86, so what is so great about that ?

Secondly, again I ask, if Vinod Dham actually invented / design the Pentium what stopped him from returning to India and setting up a team to design a local processor ? The Indian Ministry of IT first floated a program called 'India Microprocessor Program' around 2010 to realize a local processor. It's ten years since but no Vinod Dham in India. Why ?

@Bilal9 @jamahir

This is an example of the arrogance we see every day from certain people.

First, 32-bit processors are nothing special. Commodity ARM and RISC-V microprocessors cost maybe $1 each when bought in bulk, $3-5 when bought individually. Second, the processor architecture isn't the hard part about aerospace computers, the hard part is the sensors, networking and hardening. For instance, you need specialized connectors and packaging to harden against vacuum, heat, X-ray, vibration, etc and to ensure that no single error can cause any major malfunctions. The biggest problem is physical failure for aerospace electronics. Finally, you need a databus and connection between components with a highly robust, interference resistant protocol that resists jamming, noise and other problems so that even in complex environments the parts can all talk to each other.

While I agree that hardening the processor and other electronics / electricals for aerospace and automotive applications takes good engineering knowledge it is also fact that there are just a few processor basic designs in the world. Even China with its huge electronics manufacturing infrastructure and academia uses Western processor designs like MIPS, ARM, RISC-V etc. And there is no Chinese operating system as well. Coming up with an operating system that is not another Linux distro, coming up with a unique processor architecture is an intellectual process.

I should know. For quite many years I have been designing a System-on-Chip type processor and a microkernel-based operating system that complement each other.

 

[KAL-EL]

The Commodore 64

 

[FairAndUnbiased]

While I agree that hardening the processor and other electronics / electricals for aerospace and automotive applications takes good engineering knowledge it is also fact that there are just a few processor basic designs in the world. Even China with its huge electronics manufacturing infrastructure and academia uses Western processor designs like MIPS, ARM, RISC-V etc. And there is no Chinese operating system as well. Coming up with an operating system that is not another Linux distro, coming up with a unique processor architecture is an intellectual process.

I should know. For quite many years I have been designing a System-on-Chip type processor and a microkernel-based operating system that complement each other.

RISC-V is open source so it isn't really 'western', since they don't own it. In addition, anyone with a permanent ARM license effectively has equal usage rights as an owner to that architecture, they just can't sell the IP. Linux is the same way: it isn't western because it's open source, anyone can use it.

In addition, aerospace computers don't require unique architecture, shown by how US aerospace computers use 1990's commercial architectures.

 

[safari2021]

The article mentions a "Vikram processor" but doesn't say if the processor is an indigenous design or some Western design given an Indian name.The Indian Ministry of IT ( MeitY ) is currently running a competition called 'Swadeshi Microprocessor Challenge' which calls for Indian individuals, student groups or companies to use two government-provided processor designs and implement some application of them. Applications like a automatic weather station or any other.What is the catch ? These two processors - called Vega and Shakti - from CDAC and IIT-Madras, respectively, are simply Indian implementations of the international open source project RISC-V. I don't see what is so Indian and intellectual about this.I am sure the Vikram processor is also an Indian / ISRO implementation of a Western design.The highlighted words "Power ISA"... they point to an Indian implementation of the IBM open source processor design called Power.For more details please read this Wikipedia page.Firstly, AMD processors use the same ISA ( Instruction Set Architecture ) as Intel x86, so what is so great about that ?Secondly, again I ask, if Vinod Dham actually invented / design the Pentium what stopped him from returning to India and setting up a team to design a local processor ? The Indian Ministry of IT first floated a program called 'India Microprocessor Program' around 2010 to realize a local processor. It's ten years since but no Vinod Dham in India. Why ?While I agree that hardening the processor and other electronics / electricals for aerospace and automotive applications takes good engineering knowledge it is also fact that there are just a few processor basic designs in the world. Even China with its huge electronics manufacturing infrastructure and academia uses Western processor designs like MIPS, ARM, RISC-V etc. And there is no Chinese operating system as well. Coming up with an operating system that is not another Linux distro, coming up with a unique processor architecture is an intellectual process.I should know. For quite many years I have been designing a System-on-Chip type processor and a microkernel-based operating system that complement each other.

Vikram processor was designed & fabricated by the Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL) at Chandigarh using technology node of 180 nm. The processor has a 16 bit, RISC-V architecture with a base clock speed of 80 Mhz. There is a 32 bit variant being made too

ISRO has made next gen OBCs with the Vikram 1601 and has already put the processor to use. Starting with the PSLV-C47 mission that put the CARTOSAT-3 in orbit, all missions from then on used the Vikram 1601 processor. IIT Bombay developed the AJIT microprocessor with funding from MeitY & Powai Labs. The processor has a clock speed of around 70-120MHz, using the SPARC ISA & is built on 180nm technology at SCL. Clock speeds of 400-500MHz is achievable in the next upgrade

It It is designed to be used in set-top box, as a control panel for automation systems, in a traffic light controller or in robotic systems. Plans are underway to use AJIT in receivers being developed for NAVIC/IRNSS. It is expected to cost just ₹100 when it is produced en-masse. C-DAC has been tasked to design of a family of microprocessors, IPs, SoCs & ecosystem supporting the product development to meet India’s requirements for strategic, industrial & commercial sectors. This is easily one of the most ambitious projects so far for C-DAC.
Recently the project-in-charge, Krishna Rao has said that they have completed development of a series of 64-bit single/dual/quad-core, superscalar, out-of-order, high-performance processors based on RISC-V ISA, multi-level caches, memory management unit & coherent interconnect. The processors are customizable for better performance/power depending on the use. The SoC devices will be fabricated embedding the 64-bit quad-core microprocessor operating at 2.0GHz targeted for various uses like vehicle tracking, set-top box, router, smartphone, tablet PC etc. A number of companies are taking interest here, Jio most recently. Two other names came to prominence in the past few years. Signalchip with the Agumbe family of chips & Saankhya Labs with the Prithvi family of chips. Let's start with the former.
Signalchip : It is a Bengaluru-based fab-less semiconductor start-up, a company invested & mentored by Dr Sridhar Vembu, co-founder of Zoho Corp. After 8 years of relentless R&D work, they have unveiled India’s first semiconductor chip for 4G/LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) modems.
Signalchip unveiled four chips: SCBM3412: a single chip 4G/LTE modem including the baseband and transceiver sections in a single device SCBM3404: a single chip 4X4 LTE baseband modem SCRF3402: a 2X2 transceiver for LTE SCRF4502: a 2X2 transceiver for 5G NR standards

]
These chips can be used to design base stations of different form factors covering small cells to high-power base stations. Agumbe chips support network architectures such as OpenRAN/CRAN with flexible interface configurations.
Saankhya Labs : Pruthvi-3 is a fully programmable multi-standard chipset that supports next-generation broadcast standards. Available in multiple package options, Pruthvi-3 is an advanced SDR SoC made in 28-nm FDSOI process supporting advanced physical layer functionality

Manufacturing of the chip is done by Samsung Corp. The chip is ready for emerging technologies like 5G, machine learning and artificial intelligence. Saankhya Labs is pioneering a concept called 5G broadcast that marries both ML and 5G. Pics : Products made using Saankhya chips.

And now finally to - IIT Madras : Started as an academic initiative in 2014 to create an ecosystem of production grade processors, SoC's & peripheral IP's using open source ISA by the Reconfigurable Intelligent Systems Engineering (RISE) group at IIT-Madras.
The RISE group got financial backing from the MeITY & technology support from HCL Technologies & Intel Corp. The RISE group aims to build 6 variants of processors based on the RISC-V ISA. The family of processors was named "SHAKTI". Pic : HCL's motherboard with SHAKTI processor.

They have been broadly categorized into 1. Base Processors(E, C & I class) 2. Multi-Core Processors(M, S & H class) 3. Experimental Processors(T &F class)... The processors are at various stages of development. They have decided to manufacture 2 processors models of testing. The test chips are named : RIMO & RISECREEK. Both of the two processors are of the C-class having the same design, but manufactured using different technologies
RIMO : Made at SCL Chandigarh, India facility using 180nm CMOS technology Max clock speed is 70 MHz 208-pin Ceramic Quad Flat Pack(CQFP) type packaging Size: (12 x 12) square mm In-order 5 stage 64-bit microcontroller supporting the entire stable RISC-V ISA(RV64IMAFD)

The long thread is meant to showcase the semiconductor R&D work going on in India under various agencies/organisations. A lot of people seem to think India does nothing in the semi-conductor space. There is a need to do better, no doubt.
The SCL has been the enabler for the nascent Indian semi-conductor ecosystem. However SCL continues to use 180nm CMOS technology. That might be adequate for most of ISRO's workload for now. But it not adequate for many other strategic and commercial uses. Upgrading that to a state of the art manufacturing technology would require billions of $. This cannot happen without GoI's support. There has been some news recently of GoI encouraging industries to set up foundries which is encouraging. But the SCL needs to be upgraded.
Pics : SHAKTI with piggyback board proposed to be used in nuclear reactor computers.

 

[jamahir]

RISC-V is open source so it isn't really 'western', since they don't own it. In addition, anyone with a permanent ARM license effectively has equal usage rights as an owner to that architecture, they just can't sell the IP. Linux is the same way: it isn't western because it's open source, anyone can use it.

But the origin of both RISC-V and Linux was Western. In case of RISC-V it was American and in case of Linux it was Finnish.

Teams from other countries, whether India or China, continue to use the base Western designs in case of RISC-V and Linux.

Did China learn from Linux and design an entirely new OS from scratch ?

In addition, aerospace computers don't require unique architecture, shown by how US aerospace computers use 1990's commercial architectures.

Perhaps those architectures are simple to implement or perhaps it is some economics thing.

Vikram processor was designed & fabricated by the Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL) at Chandigarh using technology node of 180 nm. The processor has a 16 bit, RISC-V architecture with a base clock speed of 80 Mhz. There is a 32 bit variant being made tooView attachment 716108View attachment 716109ISRO has made next gen OBCs with the Vikram 1601 and has already put the processor to use. Starting with the PSLV-C47 mission that put the CARTOSAT-3 in orbit, all missions from then on used the Vikram 1601 processor. IIT Bombay developed the AJIT microprocessor with funding from MeitY & Powai Labs. The processor has a clock speed of around 70-120MHz, using the SPARC ISA & is built on 180nm technology at SCL. Clock speeds of 400-500MHz is achievable in the next upgrade View attachment 716110It It is designed to be used in set-top box, as a control panel for automation systems, in a traffic light controller or in robotic systems. Plans are underway to use AJIT in receivers being developed for NAVIC/IRNSS. It is expected to cost just ₹100 when it is produced en-masse. C-DAC has been tasked to design of a family of microprocessors, IPs, SoCs & ecosystem supporting the product development to meet India’s requirements for strategic, industrial & commercial sectors. This is easily one of the most ambitious projects so far for C-DAC.
Recently the project-in-charge, Krishna Rao has said that they have completed development of a series of 64-bit single/dual/quad-core, superscalar, out-of-order, high-performance processors based on RISC-V ISA, multi-level caches, memory management unit & coherent interconnect. The processors are customizable for better performance/power depending on the use. The SoC devices will be fabricated embedding the 64-bit quad-core microprocessor operating at 2.0GHz targeted for various uses like vehicle tracking, set-top box, router, smartphone, tablet PC etc. A number of companies are taking interest here, Jio most recently. Two other names came to prominence in the past few years. Signalchip with the Agumbe family of chips & Saankhya Labs with the Prithvi family of chips. Let's start with the former.
Signalchip : It is a Bengaluru-based fab-less semiconductor start-up, a company invested & mentored by Dr Sridhar Vembu, co-founder of Zoho Corp. After 8 years of relentless R&D work, they have unveiled India’s first semiconductor chip for 4G/LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) modems.
Signalchip unveiled four chips: SCBM3412: a single chip 4G/LTE modem including the baseband and transceiver sections in a single device SCBM3404: a single chip 4X4 LTE baseband modem SCRF3402: a 2X2 transceiver for LTE SCRF4502: a 2X2 transceiver for 5G NR standards
View attachment 716111]
These chips can be used to design base stations of different form factors covering small cells to high-power base stations. Agumbe chips support network architectures such as OpenRAN/CRAN with flexible interface configurations.
Saankhya Labs : Pruthvi-3 is a fully programmable multi-standard chipset that supports next-generation broadcast standards. Available in multiple package options, Pruthvi-3 is an advanced SDR SoC made in 28-nm FDSOI process supporting advanced physical layer functionality

View attachment 716112
Manufacturing of the chip is done by Samsung Corp. The chip is ready for emerging technologies like 5G, machine learning and artificial intelligence. Saankhya Labs is pioneering a concept called 5G broadcast that marries both ML and 5G. Pics : Products made using Saankhya chips.
View attachment 716113View attachment 716114View attachment 716115View attachment 716116

And now finally to - IIT Madras : Started as an academic initiative in 2014 to create an ecosystem of production grade processors, SoC's & peripheral IP's using open source ISA by the Reconfigurable Intelligent Systems Engineering (RISE) group at IIT-Madras.
The RISE group got financial backing from the MeITY & technology support from HCL Technologies & Intel Corp. The RISE group aims to build 6 variants of processors based on the RISC-V ISA. The family of processors was named "SHAKTI". Pic : HCL's motherboard with SHAKTI processor.

View attachment 716118
They have been broadly categorized into 1. Base Processors(E, C & I class) 2. Multi-Core Processors(M, S & H class) 3. Experimental Processors(T &F class)... The processors are at various stages of development. They have decided to manufacture 2 processors models of testing. The test chips are named : RIMO & RISECREEK. Both of the two processors are of the C-class having the same design, but manufactured using different technologies
RIMO : Made at SCL Chandigarh, India facility using 180nm CMOS technology Max clock speed is 70 MHz 208-pin Ceramic Quad Flat Pack(CQFP) type packaging Size: (12 x 12) square mm In-order 5 stage 64-bit microcontroller supporting the entire stable RISC-V ISA(RV64IMAFD)
View attachment 716120View attachment 716121
The long thread is meant to showcase the semiconductor R&D work going on in India under various agencies/organisations. A lot of people seem to think India does nothing in the semi-conductor space. There is a need to do better, no doubt.
The SCL has been the enabler for the nascent Indian semi-conductor ecosystem. However SCL continues to use 180nm CMOS technology. That might be adequate for most of ISRO's workload for now. But it not adequate for many other strategic and commercial uses. Upgrading that to a state of the art manufacturing technology would require billions of $. This cannot happen without GoI's support. There has been some news recently of GoI encouraging industries to set up foundries which is encouraging. But the SCL needs to be upgraded.
Pics : SHAKTI with piggyback board proposed to be used in nuclear reactor computers.
View attachment 716122

Yes, it is nice that SCL Chandigarh foundry makes chips for India's space and other strategic needs but you will agree that these chips' base designs are Western in origin.

Vikram = RISC-V. American origin and now open source.

AJIT = SPARC. American.

Shakti = RISC-V. American origin and now open source. And I believe Shakti chips are manufactured in South Korea.

About the chips from SignalChip and Saankhya companies I am sure they are based around the ARM processor architecture which is British in origin.

 

[Hephaestus]

@Bilal9
By the way, Windies have whitewashed you at home?
Need some cricket stats?