South China Sea Forum

[dichoi]

You're a typical ignorant Viet. I don't have the time or inclination to educate you.

Try reading some history about Han China (that rivaled the Roman Empire) on your own time.

Han Dynasty - Ancient History Encyclopedia

In the past there is Jiaozhi Yang (Ocean of Jiaozhi people - Vietnamese). I is recognized by your ancestors.



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[bobsm]

Harnessing the ocean: China’s military looks to wave farms to power radar on remote islands as South China Sea disputes simmer

Country has been testing one of the largest power-generating machines of its kind in the world with maximum capacity in excess of 200 kilowatts.

PUBLISHED : Monday, 30 November, 2015, 8:00am
UPDATED : Monday, 30 November, 2015, 10:18am

Stephen Chen

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Construction work is shown at Mabini (Johnson) Reef in the disputed Spratley Islands in the South China Sea in this February 2015 file photo. China is engaged in a series of territorial disputes with its neighbours in these waters, and is now turning to the ocean to help meet its energy needs. Photo: EPA

China plans to build electricity-generating wave farms near remote islands in the South China Sea, where it is engaged in territorial disputes with several of its neighbours, to mitigate the threat of a power blackout hitting its military radars there, according to researchers involved in the project.

These giant floating power stations are expected to significantly strengthen the nation’s foothold in the disputed waters.

A full-scale unit, about half the size of a soccer field, was deployed for a test run in waters off the Wanshan archipelago near the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong province earlier this month, said the researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Guangzhou Institute of energy Conversion.

Using cutting-edge mechanical designs, the generator will efficiently transform the constant movement of the sea water into electricity and stay in operation on windless days and also in the face of a super-typhoon, they said.

China’s breakneck rush to build civilian and military facilities in these seas has stretched its power supply chain in recent years. One of the biggest headaches has proven to be keeping the country’s larger-than-ever radar network in constant operation.

“Military radars are power-hungry beasts that must be fed all the time,” said one researcher, who declined to be named due to the sensitivity of the issue.

China’s largest floating power generator, which converts sea waves to electricity that can be used on remote islands, was deployed for a test run in early November in the South China Sea. Photo: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences

“Sending fossil fuels to remote islands is costly and time-consuming. The shipping can also be affected easily by bad weather or unfriendly neighbours,” the researcher added.

More power is needed for the radar to cast its net wider. When operating at full power to get a bead on a distant fighter jet or unknown object, an early warning system may require thousands of kilowatts of energy - tantamount to the total demand of 1,000 average households in the United States.

Conventional renewable energy sources are not suitable for small islands, the researchers said.

Most lack sufficient land area for the installation of solar power panels, which at any rate are usually quickly compromised by faecal matter from birds, the team said.

Moreover, wind turbines cannot generate a stable enough energy supply, and their performance is also severely affected by the weather.

The unit that was tested is among the largest power-generating machines of its kind in the world, capable of churning out in excess of 200 kilowatts.

Similar power buoys deployed in the US and Australia have shown peak power outputs of around 150kw. The largest single wave energy convertor to date was a prototype deployed at a wave farm in Portugal, which recorded 750kw.

The PLA Navy has been carrying out realistic confrontation exercise in the South China Sea this year, according to China’s state media. Photo: SCMP Pictures

But the new Chinese generator can survive even the most extreme weather conditions, the researchers said.

In the event of a typhoon, it would automatically partially submerge, leaving only a small area on the surface to avoid damage caused by strong winds.

The unit is not anchored to the ocean bed, which allows it to move freely amid strong waves.

The design, which resembles half a submarine, has performed well. A smaller 10-kw prototype even survived Typhoon Haiyan in the South China Sea two years ago. The typhoon claimed over 6,000 lives in the Philippines.

The machine continued generating power during the typhoon even after most of it was submerged, the researchers said.

The wave farms that are planned have a flexible capacity with room to grow as more converters can be added later to meet demand.

The electricity will be channelled to nearby islands using underwater cables.

The enormous power requirements of military radar facilities means they cannot operate on a full-time basis with a large and stable energy supply, so using sea waves to provide power is a logical solution, said Li Ming. The professor of radar technology works at the National Lab of Radar Signal Processing in Xidian University, Xi’an in northwestern Shaanxi province.

But Li doubted whether a wave farm would fully satisfy demand.

“A warning radar consumes far more than 200kw of power,” he said.

Another problem is the cost of such an operation. A wave farm needs many power-generating units to form a grid for maximum output.

But those who field-tested the single unit recently said it cost nearly 20 million yuan (US$3.13 million) to design and build.

Harnessing the ocean: China’s military looks to wave farms to power radar on remote islands as South China Sea disputes simmer | South China Morning Post

 

[TaiShang]

China plans to build electricity-generating wave farms near remote islands in the South China Sea, where it is engaged in territorial disputes with several of its neighbours, to mitigate the threat of a power blackout hitting its military radars there, according to researchers involved in the project.

China looks like to render the islands self-sustaining, which is critical in terms of their military and civilian utility in times of peace and crisis.

Looked in general perspective, this is a contribution to regional peace. Given that China is the only capable country in the region to undertake such development projects, it is also mandatory.

 

[Rechoice]

UN chief calls for respect for international law in East Sea
VNA MONDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 2015 -

.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and delegates in the Summit. (Source: VNA)

Hanoi (VNA) – The parties involved in disputes in the East Sea need to exercise restraint and settle disputes by peaceful means, through dialogues and in line with international law, said UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon.

The UN Secretary General made the call i n the framework of meetings on the sidelines of the ASEAN Summit, the East Asia Summit (EAS) and related meetings in Malaysia on November 22, after China said it would continue construction of military and civil bases on the artificial islands it built in the East Sea.

Previously, US President Barack Obama said concerned countries should stop building artificial islands and militarising their claims in the East Sea.

"For the sake of regional stability, the claimants should halt reclamation, construction and militarisation of disputed areas," Obama told a meeting with leaders of the 10 member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in Kuala Lumpur on November 21.

He also supported the creation of a Code of Conduct in the East Sea.

Last month, a US guided missile destroyer, USS Lassen, navigated within 12 nautical miles of artificial islands China has been building in Vietnam’s Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelago, the AFP news agency reported on October 27.

This was seen as the first concrete move in the US’s plan to conduct regular patrol activities in the East Sea.

Meanwhile, Reuters said the patrol carried out by the destroyer USS Lassen approached Su Bi (Subi) Reef and Vanh Khan (Mischief) Reef in the Truong Sa archipelago. Additional patrols would follow in the coming time.

On October 29, in reply to reporters’ queries on Vietnam’s response to the US ship’s voyage, Ministry Spokesperson Le Hai Binh said as a sovereign state over the Hoang Sa (Paracels) and Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelagos in the East Sea and a member of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Vietnam respects the freedom of navigation and aviation in the East Sea on basis of the relevant provisions of the convention and in accordance with the coastal states’ regulations.

Vietnam calls for parties involved to contribute to the maintenance of peace, stability, security, and navigation and aviation safety in the East Sea on the basis of international law, including the UNCLOS and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC), he stated.-VNA

 

[TaiShang]

UN chief calls for respect for international law in East Sea
VNA MONDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 2015 -

.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and delegates in the Summit. (Source: VNA)

Hanoi (VNA) – The parties involved in disputes in the East Sea need to exercise restraint and settle disputes by peaceful means, through dialogues and in line with international law, said UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon.

The UN Secretary General made the call i n the framework of meetings on the sidelines of the ASEAN Summit, the East Asia Summit (EAS) and related meetings in Malaysia on November 22, after China said it would continue construction of military and civil bases on the artificial islands it built in the East Sea.

Previously, US President Barack Obama said concerned countries should stop building artificial islands and militarising their claims in the East Sea.

"For the sake of regional stability, the claimants should halt reclamation, construction and militarisation of disputed areas," Obama told a meeting with leaders of the 10 member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in Kuala Lumpur on November 21.

He also supported the creation of a Code of Conduct in the East Sea.

Last month, a US guided missile destroyer, USS Lassen, navigated within 12 nautical miles of artificial islands China has been building in Vietnam’s Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelago, the AFP news agency reported on October 27.

This was seen as the first concrete move in the US’s plan to conduct regular patrol activities in the East Sea.

Meanwhile, Reuters said the patrol carried out by the destroyer USS Lassen approached Su Bi (Subi) Reef and Vanh Khan (Mischief) Reef in the Truong Sa archipelago. Additional patrols would follow in the coming time.

On October 29, in reply to reporters’ queries on Vietnam’s response to the US ship’s voyage, Ministry Spokesperson Le Hai Binh said as a sovereign state over the Hoang Sa (Paracels) and Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelagos in the East Sea and a member of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Vietnam respects the freedom of navigation and aviation in the East Sea on basis of the relevant provisions of the convention and in accordance with the coastal states’ regulations.

Vietnam calls for parties involved to contribute to the maintenance of peace, stability, security, and navigation and aviation safety in the East Sea on the basis of international law, including the UNCLOS and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC), he stated.-VNA

Vietnam should stop island build-up. And destroy all that was built since the early 70s. This is what Mr. Moon says.

 

[Rechoice]

Vietnam should stop island build-up. And destroy all that was built since the early 70s. This is what Mr. Moon says.

we do it on Islands, we have right to it , to secure ordenry life of our people who is living there.

 

[TaiShang]

we do it on Islands, we have right to it , to secure ordenry life of our people who is living there.

What a coincidence！

We are doing exactly the same thing.

 

[Rechoice]

What a coincidence！

We are doing exactly the same thing.

reclaimation on corel reefs under sea level, where China taken with force is illegal, bro.

 

[TaiShang]

reclaimation on corel reefs under sea level, where China taken with force is illegal, bro.

China can do whatever it wants with the islands and reefs that it owns. This is legal.

In fact, reclamation and build up on islands and reefs stolen by Vietnam from China is illegal.

I guess we have some disagreement on this.

 

[Rechoice]

China can do whatever it wants with the islands and reefs that it owns. This is legal.

In fact, reclamation and build up on islands and reefs stolen by Vietnam from China is illegal.

I guess we have some disagreement on this.

Vietnam controlled Islands from many hundred year ago Le and Nguyen dynasty Vietnam, without troubles with China in the past.

china claimed from 1948 recently with nine dashed line. China is greedy and liar.

 

[Viet]

No. That was 2,200 years ago.

China was the first nation to claim the South China Sea starting about 2,000 years ago.

China's Han Dynasty possessed the world's best naval technology and conducted a lot of exploration (and territorial claims) in 200 years.

Can you post the link or quote proving you made claim bla bla 2,000 years ago? I want to read them. Any maps or documents from the Han governments? Share with me.

Had anyone recognise your claim 2,000 years ago?

Prove that you controlled and administered the sea and islands, having soldiers or inhabitants in them. Fishing or swimming around don't count.

Prove that there were only you chinese that inhabited the region, virtually the only race that existed and no other nations no ethnics no nothing.

And why only the SC Sea despite it lies some 1,000s miles away from China and not the East China Sea although it lies direct before your house door?

You don't want to be called as liar, do you?

 

[Martian2]

Can you post the link or quote proving you made claim bla bla 2,000 years ago? I want to read them.

Had anyone recognise your claim 2,000 years ago?

And why only the SC Sea despite it lies some 1,000s miles away from China and not the East China Sea although it lies direct before your house door?

Here's a good historical summary.

The South China Sea Maritime Dispute: Political, Legal and Regional Perspectives - Leszek Buszynski, Christopher B. Roberts - Google Books

 

[Viet]

Here's a good historical summary.

The South China Sea Maritime Dispute: Political, Legal and Regional Perspectives - Leszek Buszynski, Christopher B. Roberts - Google Books

I asked you for original documents from the Han governments written in mandarin or chinese. And you post an english article written by a chinese?

 

[Martian2]

I asked you for original documents from the Han governments written in mandarin or chinese. And you post an english article written by a chinese?

Send a request to the government of China. I don't have them.

These ancient Chinese maps are all that I have.
----------

Spratly Islands have belonged to China since ancient times

Ocean-faring Chinese explorers had claimed the Spratly Islands a thousand years ago.

[Source: Wikipedia article on Spratly Islands with primary sources listed in footnotes]

"Ancient Chinese maps record the 'Thousand Li Stretch of Sands'; Qianli Changsha (千里長沙) and the 'Ten-Thousand Li of Stone Pools'; Wanli Shitang (萬里石塘),[7] which China today claims refers to the Spratly Islands. The Wanli Shitang have been explored by the Chinese since the Yuan Dynasty and may have been considered by them to have been within their national boundaries. [8][9] They are also referenced in the 13th century,[10] followed by the Ming Dynasty.[11] When the Ming Dynasty collapsed, the Qing Dynasty continued to include the territory in maps compiled in 1724,[12] 1755,[13] 1767,[14] 1810,[15] and 1817.[16] A Vietnamese map from 1834 also includes the Spratly Islands clumped in with the Paracels (a common occurrence on maps of that time) labeled as 'Wanli Changsha'.[17]"

"By the twelfth century, names for the South China Sea islands began to appear. The Paracels and the Spratlys were referred to more consistently as Changsha and Shitang. By the mid-fourteenth century, Shitang could be accurately identified as the Spratlys. There is also evidence of Chinese naval control over some areas of the South China Sea, which resulted in complete Chinese dominion of the South China Sea in the late thirteenth century. Finally, in the fifteenth century, Zheng He's seven voyages placed the South China Sea islands on the official navigational charts. In this map, the Xisha Islands are called Shitang, and the Nansha Islands are referred to as Wansheng Shitang Yu."

"The Map of South and East Ocean Sea Routes was drawn in between 1712-1721 by Qing (Ching) Dynasty Fujian (Fuchien) Province Navy Commander Shi Shibiao, the son of a famous Qing Dynasty imperial officer. This map shows the sea routes, time, and descriptions from Chinese coastal ports to Japan, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia and the Philippines. On this map, the locations and names of the Southern Sea Islands (Nanhai Zhudao) are very accurate. The map shows Chinese sovereignty over the South China Sea islands (including Nansha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands)."

"A Vietnamese map from 1834 also includes the Spratly Islands clumped in with the Paracels (a common occurrence on maps of that time) labeled as [Chinese] 'Wanli Changsha'."
----------

"Paracel Islands as shown in Zheng He Voyage Map (the group of rocks at the lower right hand corner)[21]"
(Source: "MAO KUN MAP-19" by Mao Kun - mybook. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

"Xisha

The Chinese name Xisha (西沙), literally 'western sands' or 'shoals', is a modern name that distinguishes the Pratas from the 'eastern sands' (the Dongsha or Pratas), the 'southern sands' (the Nansha or Spratlys), and the 'central sands' (the Zhongsha or Macclesfield Bank). The Voyage with the Tail Wind, based on 13th-century Yuan documents but published during the Ming, called the islands the 'Distant Stony Banks' (万里石塘, Wànlǐ Shítáng, lit. 'Myriad-mile Rock Embankment').[22] The name also appears in the 'Map of Zheng He's Voyage' written in the 1430s.[23]
...
21. ^ The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, Appendix 1 China in Southern Island 万生石塘 annotated as the Paracel Islands by J.V.Mills, White Lotus Press ISBN 974-8496-78-3
22. ^ 順風相送 [Shùnfēng Xiāng Sòng, Voyage of the Tail Wind]. Hosted at Chinese Wikisource. (Chinese)
23. ^ "郑和航海图" (Chinese), cited in The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, App. 1: 'China in Southern Island'. White Lotus Press. ISBN 974-8496-78-3."

 

[Viet]

Send a request to the government of China. I don't have them.

These ancient Chinese maps are all that I have.
----------

Spratly Islands have belonged to China since ancient times

Ocean-faring Chinese explorers had claimed the Spratly Islands a thousand years ago.

[Source: Wikipedia article on Spratly Islands with primary sources listed in footnotes]

"Ancient Chinese maps record the 'Thousand Li Stretch of Sands'; Qianli Changsha (千里長沙) and the 'Ten-Thousand Li of Stone Pools'; Wanli Shitang (萬里石塘),[7] which China today claims refers to the Spratly Islands. The Wanli Shitang have been explored by the Chinese since the Yuan Dynasty and may have been considered by them to have been within their national boundaries. [8][9] They are also referenced in the 13th century,[10] followed by the Ming Dynasty.[11] When the Ming Dynasty collapsed, the Qing Dynasty continued to include the territory in maps compiled in 1724,[12] 1755,[13] 1767,[14] 1810,[15] and 1817.[16] A Vietnamese map from 1834 also includes the Spratly Islands clumped in with the Paracels (a common occurrence on maps of that time) labeled as 'Wanli Changsha'.[17]"

"By the twelfth century, names for the South China Sea islands began to appear. The Paracels and the Spratlys were referred to more consistently as Changsha and Shitang. By the mid-fourteenth century, Shitang could be accurately identified as the Spratlys. There is also evidence of Chinese naval control over some areas of the South China Sea, which resulted in complete Chinese dominion of the South China Sea in the late thirteenth century. Finally, in the fifteenth century, Zheng He's seven voyages placed the South China Sea islands on the official navigational charts. In this map, the Xisha Islands are called Shitang, and the Nansha Islands are referred to as Wansheng Shitang Yu."

"The Map of South and East Ocean Sea Routes was drawn in between 1712-1721 by Qing (Ching) Dynasty Fujian (Fuchien) Province Navy Commander Shi Shibiao, the son of a famous Qing Dynasty imperial officer. This map shows the sea routes, time, and descriptions from Chinese coastal ports to Japan, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia and the Philippines. On this map, the locations and names of the Southern Sea Islands (Nanhai Zhudao) are very accurate. The map shows Chinese sovereignty over the South China Sea islands (including Nansha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands)."

"A Vietnamese map from 1834 also includes the Spratly Islands clumped in with the Paracels (a common occurrence on maps of that time) labeled as [Chinese] 'Wanli Changsha'."
----------

"Paracel Islands as shown in Zheng He Voyage Map (the group of rocks at the lower right hand corner)[21]"
(Source: "MAO KUN MAP-19" by Mao Kun - mybook. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

"Xisha

The Chinese name Xisha (西沙), literally 'western sands' or 'shoals', is a modern name that distinguishes the Pratas from the 'eastern sands' (the Dongsha or Pratas), the 'southern sands' (the Nansha or Spratlys), and the 'central sands' (the Zhongsha or Macclesfield Bank). The Voyage with the Tail Wind, based on 13th-century Yuan documents but published during the Ming, called the islands the 'Distant Stony Banks' (万里石塘, Wànlǐ Shítáng, lit. 'Myriad-mile Rock Embankment').[22] The name also appears in the 'Map of Zheng He's Voyage' written in the 1430s.[23]
...
21. ^ The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, Appendix 1 China in Southern Island 万生石塘 annotated as the Paracel Islands by J.V.Mills, White Lotus Press ISBN 974-8496-78-3
22. ^ 順風相送 [Shùnfēng Xiāng Sòng, Voyage of the Tail Wind]. Hosted at Chinese Wikisource. (Chinese)
23. ^ "郑和航海图" (Chinese), cited in The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, App. 1: 'China in Southern Island'. White Lotus Press. ISBN 974-8496-78-3."

I just flush your reply down the toilette. Worthless. You haven't answered any of my questions.