Sino-Pak nuclear collaboration
- Thread starter S_O_C_O_M
- Start date
alibaz
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Nov 26, 2007
- Messages
- 4,253
- Reaction score
- 0
- Country
- Location
Very right our government has made very good short term plans of rentals. Electricity will go so costly that we will use fans and ACs only when someone will get sick or during some important ceremony and occasion , therefore electricity will go surplus and problem would be resolved
As far as coal is concerned It is really very heartening that some pilot project on coal is going on under Dr Samar and it would start its output by next year. We need all possible means to produce cheep, clean and abundant electricity.
unforgotton_man
FULL MEMBER
New Recruit
- Joined
- Mar 29, 2007
- Messages
- 71
- Reaction score
- 0
fatman17
PDF THINK TANK: CONSULTANT
- Joined
- Apr 24, 2007
- Messages
- 32,563
- Reaction score
- 98
- Country
- Location
DV RULES
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Jan 13, 2010
- Messages
- 4,078
- Reaction score
- -2
- Country
- Location
Plans For New Reactors Worldwide
(Updated August 2010)
* Nuclear power capacity worldwide is increasing steadily but not dramatically, with almost 60 reactors under construction in 15 countries.
* Most reactors on order or planned are in the Asian region, though there are major plans for new units in Europe, the USA and Russia.
* Significant further capacity is being created by plant upgrading.
* Plant life extension programs are maintaining capacity, in USA particularly.
Today there are some 440 nuclear power reactors operating in 30 countries plus Taiwan, with a combined capacity of over 376 GWe. In 2009 these provided 2560 billion kWh, about 15% of the world's electricity.
About 58 power reactors are currently being constructed in 14 countries plus Taiwan (see Table below), notably China, South Korea and Russia.
The International Atomic Energy Agency in its 2009 report significantly increased its projection of world nuclear generating capacity. It now anticipates at least 73 GWe in net new capacity by 2020, and then 511 to 807 GWe in place in 2030 - very much more than projected previously, and 37% to 116% more than the 327.5 GWe actually operating in 2009. OECD estimates range up to 680 GWe in 2030. The change is based on specific plans and actions in a number of countries, including China, India, Russia, Finland and France, coupled with the changed outlook due to the Kyoto Protocol. The IAEA projections would give nuclear power a 13.5 to 14.6% share in electricity production in 2020, and 12.6 to 15.9 % in 2030. The fastest growth is in Asia.
It is noteworthy that in the 1980s, 218 power reactors started up, an average of one every 17 days. These included 47 in USA, 42 in France and 18 in Japan. These were fairly large - average power was 923.5 MWe. So it is not hard to imagine a similar number being commissioned in a decade after about 2015. But with China and India getting up to speed with nuclear energy and a world energy demand double the 1980 level in 2015, a realistic estimate of what is possible (but not planned at this stage) might be the equivalent of one 1000 MWe unit worldwide every 5 days.
See also Nuclear Renaissance paper for the factors driving the increase in nuclear power capacity, and also WNA's Nuclear Century Outlook.
Increased Capacity
Increased nuclear capacity in some countries is resulting from the uprating of existing plants. This is a highly cost-effective way of bringing on new capacity.
Numerous power reactors in USA, Belgium, Sweden and Germany, for example, have had their generating capacity increased. In Switzerland, the capacity of its five reactors has been increased by 12.3%. In the USA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved 126 uprates totalling some 5600 MWe since 1977, a few of them "extended uprates" of up to 20%.
Spain has had a program to add 810 MWe (11%) to its nuclear capacity through upgrading its nine reactors by up to 13%. Some 519 MWe of the increase is already in place. For instance, the Almarez nuclear plant is being boosted by more than 5% at a cost of US$ 50 million.
Finland Finland boosted the capacity of the original Olkiluoto plant by 29% to 1700 MWe. This plant started with two 660 MWe Swedish BWRs commissioned in 1978 and 1980. It is now licensed to operate to 2018. The Loviisa plant, with two VVER-440 (PWR) reactors, has been uprated by 90 MWe (10%).
Sweden is uprating Forsmark plant by 13% (410 MWe) over 2008-10 at a cost of EUR 225 million, and Oskarshamn-3 by 21% to 1450 MWe at a cost of EUR 180 million.
Nuclear Plant Construction
Most reactors currently planned are in the Asian region, with fast-growing economies and rapidly-rising electricity demand.
Many countries with existing nuclear power programs (Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Rep., France, India, Japan, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, South Africa, Ukraine, UK, USA) have plans to build new power reactors (beyond those now under construction).
In all, over 150 power reactors with a total net capacity of almost 170,000 MWe are planned and over 340 more are proposed. Rising gas prices and greenhouse constraints on coal, coupled with energy security concerns, have combined to put nuclear power back on the agenda for projected new capacity in both Europe and North America.
In the USA there are proposals for over twenty new reactors and the first 17 combined construction and operating licences for these have been applied for. All are for late third-generation plants, and a further proposal is for two ABWR units. it is expected that 4 to 8 new reactors will be on line by 2020.
In Canada there are plans to build up to 3500 MWe of new capacity in Ontario, and proposals for similar capacity in Alberta and one large reactor in New Brunswick.
In Finland, construction is now under way on a fifth, very large reactor which will come on line in 2012, and plans are firming for another large one to follow it.
France is building a similar 1600 MWe unit at Flamanville, for operation from 2012, and a second is to follow it at Penly.
In the UK, four similar 1600 MWe units are planned for operation by 2019, and a further 6000 MWe is proposed.
Romania's second power reactor istarted up in 2007, and plans are being implemented for two further Canadian units to operate by 2017.
Slovakia is completing two 470 MWe units at Mochovce, to operate from 2011-12.
Bulgaria is planning to start building two 1000 MWe Russian reactors at Belene.
In Russia, ten large reactors are under active construction, one being a large fast neutron reactor. Seven further reactors are then planned to replace some existing plants, and by 2016 ten new reactors totalling at least 9.8 GWe should be operating. Further reactors are planned to add new capacity by 2020. This will increase the country's present 21.7 GWe nuclear power capacity to 43 GWe about 2020. In addition about 5 GW of nuclear thermal capacity is planned. A small floating power plant is expected to be completed by 2012 and others are planned to follow.
Poland is planning some nuclear power capacity, and may also join a project in Lithuania, with Estonia and Latvia.
Italy is planning to build substantial nuclear capacity and have 25% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030, which will require 8 to 10 large new reactors by then.
South Korea plans to bring a further eight reactors into operation by 2016, giving total new capacity of 9200 MWe. Of the first six, now under construction, four are improved OPR-1000 designs. Then come Shin-Kori-3 & 4 and Shin-Ulchin 1&2, the first of the Advanced PWRs of 1400 MWe, to be in operation by 2016. These APR-1400 designs have evolved from a US design which has US NRC design certification, and have been known as the Korean Next-Generation Reactor. Four further APR-1400 units are planned, and the design has been sold to the UAE (see below).
Japan has two reactors under construction and another three likely to start building by mid 2011. It also has plans and, in most cases, designated sites and announced timetables for a further nine power reactors, totalling over 13,000 MWe which are expected to come on line by 2022.
In China, now with 13 operating reactors on the mainland, the country is well into the next phase of its nuclear power program. Some 23 reactors are under construction and ten more are likely to be so by the end of 2010. Those under construction include the world's first Westinghouse AP1000 units and a demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant. Many more units are planned, with construction due to start within three years. But most capacity under construction will be the largely indigenous CPR-1000. China aims at least to quadruple its nuclear capacity from that operating and under construction by 2020.
On Taiwan, Taipower is building two advanced reactors (ABWR) at Lungmen.
India has 19 reactors in operation, and four under construction (two expected to be completed by 2010). This includes two large Russian reactors and a large prototype fast breeder reactor as part of its strategy to develop a fuel cycle which can utilise thorium. Twenty further units are planned. Ten further units are planned, and proposals for more - including western and Russian designs - are taking shape following the lifting of trade restrictions.
Pakistan has a second 300 MWe reactor under construction at Chasma, financed by China. There are plans for two more Chinese power reactors.
In Kazakhstan, a joint venture with Russia's Atomstroyexport envisages development and marketing of innovative small and medium-sized reactors, starting with a 300 MWe Russian design as baseline for Kazakh units.
In Iran nuclear power plant construction was suspended in 1979 but in 1995 Iran signed an agreement with Russia to complete a 1000 MWe PWR at Bushehr. Fuel is being loaded for late 2010 start-up.
The United Arab Emirates has awarded a $20.4 billion contract to a South Korean consortium to build four 1400 MWe reactors by 2020.
Jordan has committed plans for its first reactor to be operating by 2020, and is developing its legal and regulatory infrastructure.
Turkey has contracts signed for Russian nuclear plants at one site and is planning Soputh Korean units at another. Its legal and regulatory infrastructure is well-developed.
Vietnam has committed plans for its first reactors at two sites (2x2000 MWe), to be operating by 2020, and is developing its legal and regulatory infrastructure. The first plant will be a turnkey project built by Atomstroyexport.
Indonesia plans to construct 6000 MWe of nuclear power capacity by 2025.
Thailand plans to start constructing an initial nuclear power station in 2014.
Fuller details of all the above contries curently without nuclear power are in country papers or the paper on Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.
Plant Life Extension and Retirements
Most nuclear power plants originally had a nominal design lifetime of 25 to 40 years, but engineering assessments of many plants have established that many can operate longer. In the USA some 60 reactors have been granted licence renewals which extend their operating lives from the original 40 out to 60 years, and operators of most others are expected to apply for similar extensions. Such licence extensions at about the 30-year mark justify significant capital expenditure for replacement of worn equipment and outdated control systems.
In France, there are rolling ten-year reviews of reactors. In 2009 the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) approved EdF's safety case for 40-year operation of the 900 MWe units, based on generic assessment of the 34 reactors. In Japan, plant lifetimes up to 70 years re envisaged.
When some of the first commercial nuclear power stations in the world, Calder Hall and Chapelcross in the UK, were built in the 1950s they were very conservatively engineered, though it was assumed that they would have a useful lifetime of only 20-25 years. They were then authorised to operate for 50 years, but due to economic factors closed earlier. Most other Magnox plants are licensed for 40-year lifetimes.
The Russian government is extending the operating lives of many of the country's reactors from their original 30 years, for 15 years. However, 25-year licence extensions are likely for the newer VVER-1000 units, with significant upgrades.
The technical and economic feasibility of replacing major reactor components, such as steam generators in PWRs and pressure tubes in CANDU heavy water reactors, has been demonstrated. The possibilities of component replacement and licence renewals extending the lifetimes of existing plants are very attractive to utilities, especially in view of the public acceptance difficulties involved in constructing replacement nuclear capacity.
On the other hand, economic, regulatory and political considerations have led to the premature closure of some power reactors, particularly in the United States, where reactor numbers have fell from 110 to 104, and in eastern Europe.
It should not be assumed that reactors will close when their licence is due to expire, since licence renewal is now common. However, new plants coming on line are balanced by old plants being retired. Over 1996-2009, 43 reactors were retired as 49 started operation. There are no firm projections for retirements over the next two decades, but WNA estimates that at least 60 of those now operating will close by 2030, most being small plants. The 2009 WNA Market Report reference case has 143 reactors closing by 2030, using very conservative assumptions about licence renewal.
The World Nuclear Power Reactor table gives a fuller and (for current year) possibly more up to date overview of world reactor status.
2015 China, CGNPC Ningde 4 PWR 1080
2015 China, CGNPC Hongyanhe 5 PWR 1080
2015 China, CGNPC Fangchenggang 1 PWR 1080
2015 China, CNNC Changiang 2 PWR 650
2015 China, CNNC Hongshiding 1 PWR 1080
2015 China, CNNC Taohuajiang 1 PWR 1250
2015 China, CNNC Fuqing 3 PWR 1080
2015 Korea, KHNP Shin-Ulchin 1 PWR 1350
2015 Japan, Tepco Higashidori 1 ABWR 1385
2015 Japan, Chugoku Kaminoseki 1 ABWR 1373
2015 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 3 PHWR 640
2015 Bulgaria, NEK Belene 1 PWR 1000
2016 Korea, KHNP Shin-Ulchin 2 PWR 1350
2016 Romania, SNN Cernavoda 3 PHWR 655
2016 Russia, Energoatom Novovoronezh II-2 PWR 1070
2016 Russia, Energoatom Leningrad II-2 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Rostov 4 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Baltic 1 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Seversk 1 PWR 1200
2016 Ukraine, Energoatom Khmelnitsky 3 PWR 1000
2016 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 4 PHWR 640
2016 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 7 PHWR 640
2016 China, several
2017 Russia, Energoatom Leningrad II-3 PWR 1200
2017 Ukraine, Energoatom Khmelnitsky 4 PWR 1000
2017 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 8 PHWR 640
2017 Romania, SNN Cernavoda 4 PHWR 655
2017 China, several
(Updated August 2010)
* Nuclear power capacity worldwide is increasing steadily but not dramatically, with almost 60 reactors under construction in 15 countries.
* Most reactors on order or planned are in the Asian region, though there are major plans for new units in Europe, the USA and Russia.
* Significant further capacity is being created by plant upgrading.
* Plant life extension programs are maintaining capacity, in USA particularly.
Today there are some 440 nuclear power reactors operating in 30 countries plus Taiwan, with a combined capacity of over 376 GWe. In 2009 these provided 2560 billion kWh, about 15% of the world's electricity.
About 58 power reactors are currently being constructed in 14 countries plus Taiwan (see Table below), notably China, South Korea and Russia.
The International Atomic Energy Agency in its 2009 report significantly increased its projection of world nuclear generating capacity. It now anticipates at least 73 GWe in net new capacity by 2020, and then 511 to 807 GWe in place in 2030 - very much more than projected previously, and 37% to 116% more than the 327.5 GWe actually operating in 2009. OECD estimates range up to 680 GWe in 2030. The change is based on specific plans and actions in a number of countries, including China, India, Russia, Finland and France, coupled with the changed outlook due to the Kyoto Protocol. The IAEA projections would give nuclear power a 13.5 to 14.6% share in electricity production in 2020, and 12.6 to 15.9 % in 2030. The fastest growth is in Asia.
It is noteworthy that in the 1980s, 218 power reactors started up, an average of one every 17 days. These included 47 in USA, 42 in France and 18 in Japan. These were fairly large - average power was 923.5 MWe. So it is not hard to imagine a similar number being commissioned in a decade after about 2015. But with China and India getting up to speed with nuclear energy and a world energy demand double the 1980 level in 2015, a realistic estimate of what is possible (but not planned at this stage) might be the equivalent of one 1000 MWe unit worldwide every 5 days.
See also Nuclear Renaissance paper for the factors driving the increase in nuclear power capacity, and also WNA's Nuclear Century Outlook.
Increased Capacity
Increased nuclear capacity in some countries is resulting from the uprating of existing plants. This is a highly cost-effective way of bringing on new capacity.
Numerous power reactors in USA, Belgium, Sweden and Germany, for example, have had their generating capacity increased. In Switzerland, the capacity of its five reactors has been increased by 12.3%. In the USA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved 126 uprates totalling some 5600 MWe since 1977, a few of them "extended uprates" of up to 20%.
Spain has had a program to add 810 MWe (11%) to its nuclear capacity through upgrading its nine reactors by up to 13%. Some 519 MWe of the increase is already in place. For instance, the Almarez nuclear plant is being boosted by more than 5% at a cost of US$ 50 million.
Finland Finland boosted the capacity of the original Olkiluoto plant by 29% to 1700 MWe. This plant started with two 660 MWe Swedish BWRs commissioned in 1978 and 1980. It is now licensed to operate to 2018. The Loviisa plant, with two VVER-440 (PWR) reactors, has been uprated by 90 MWe (10%).
Sweden is uprating Forsmark plant by 13% (410 MWe) over 2008-10 at a cost of EUR 225 million, and Oskarshamn-3 by 21% to 1450 MWe at a cost of EUR 180 million.
Nuclear Plant Construction
Most reactors currently planned are in the Asian region, with fast-growing economies and rapidly-rising electricity demand.
Many countries with existing nuclear power programs (Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Rep., France, India, Japan, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, South Africa, Ukraine, UK, USA) have plans to build new power reactors (beyond those now under construction).
In all, over 150 power reactors with a total net capacity of almost 170,000 MWe are planned and over 340 more are proposed. Rising gas prices and greenhouse constraints on coal, coupled with energy security concerns, have combined to put nuclear power back on the agenda for projected new capacity in both Europe and North America.
In the USA there are proposals for over twenty new reactors and the first 17 combined construction and operating licences for these have been applied for. All are for late third-generation plants, and a further proposal is for two ABWR units. it is expected that 4 to 8 new reactors will be on line by 2020.
In Canada there are plans to build up to 3500 MWe of new capacity in Ontario, and proposals for similar capacity in Alberta and one large reactor in New Brunswick.
In Finland, construction is now under way on a fifth, very large reactor which will come on line in 2012, and plans are firming for another large one to follow it.
France is building a similar 1600 MWe unit at Flamanville, for operation from 2012, and a second is to follow it at Penly.
In the UK, four similar 1600 MWe units are planned for operation by 2019, and a further 6000 MWe is proposed.
Romania's second power reactor istarted up in 2007, and plans are being implemented for two further Canadian units to operate by 2017.
Slovakia is completing two 470 MWe units at Mochovce, to operate from 2011-12.
Bulgaria is planning to start building two 1000 MWe Russian reactors at Belene.
In Russia, ten large reactors are under active construction, one being a large fast neutron reactor. Seven further reactors are then planned to replace some existing plants, and by 2016 ten new reactors totalling at least 9.8 GWe should be operating. Further reactors are planned to add new capacity by 2020. This will increase the country's present 21.7 GWe nuclear power capacity to 43 GWe about 2020. In addition about 5 GW of nuclear thermal capacity is planned. A small floating power plant is expected to be completed by 2012 and others are planned to follow.
Poland is planning some nuclear power capacity, and may also join a project in Lithuania, with Estonia and Latvia.
Italy is planning to build substantial nuclear capacity and have 25% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030, which will require 8 to 10 large new reactors by then.
South Korea plans to bring a further eight reactors into operation by 2016, giving total new capacity of 9200 MWe. Of the first six, now under construction, four are improved OPR-1000 designs. Then come Shin-Kori-3 & 4 and Shin-Ulchin 1&2, the first of the Advanced PWRs of 1400 MWe, to be in operation by 2016. These APR-1400 designs have evolved from a US design which has US NRC design certification, and have been known as the Korean Next-Generation Reactor. Four further APR-1400 units are planned, and the design has been sold to the UAE (see below).
Japan has two reactors under construction and another three likely to start building by mid 2011. It also has plans and, in most cases, designated sites and announced timetables for a further nine power reactors, totalling over 13,000 MWe which are expected to come on line by 2022.
In China, now with 13 operating reactors on the mainland, the country is well into the next phase of its nuclear power program. Some 23 reactors are under construction and ten more are likely to be so by the end of 2010. Those under construction include the world's first Westinghouse AP1000 units and a demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant. Many more units are planned, with construction due to start within three years. But most capacity under construction will be the largely indigenous CPR-1000. China aims at least to quadruple its nuclear capacity from that operating and under construction by 2020.
On Taiwan, Taipower is building two advanced reactors (ABWR) at Lungmen.
India has 19 reactors in operation, and four under construction (two expected to be completed by 2010). This includes two large Russian reactors and a large prototype fast breeder reactor as part of its strategy to develop a fuel cycle which can utilise thorium. Twenty further units are planned. Ten further units are planned, and proposals for more - including western and Russian designs - are taking shape following the lifting of trade restrictions.
Pakistan has a second 300 MWe reactor under construction at Chasma, financed by China. There are plans for two more Chinese power reactors.
In Kazakhstan, a joint venture with Russia's Atomstroyexport envisages development and marketing of innovative small and medium-sized reactors, starting with a 300 MWe Russian design as baseline for Kazakh units.
In Iran nuclear power plant construction was suspended in 1979 but in 1995 Iran signed an agreement with Russia to complete a 1000 MWe PWR at Bushehr. Fuel is being loaded for late 2010 start-up.
The United Arab Emirates has awarded a $20.4 billion contract to a South Korean consortium to build four 1400 MWe reactors by 2020.
Jordan has committed plans for its first reactor to be operating by 2020, and is developing its legal and regulatory infrastructure.
Turkey has contracts signed for Russian nuclear plants at one site and is planning Soputh Korean units at another. Its legal and regulatory infrastructure is well-developed.
Vietnam has committed plans for its first reactors at two sites (2x2000 MWe), to be operating by 2020, and is developing its legal and regulatory infrastructure. The first plant will be a turnkey project built by Atomstroyexport.
Indonesia plans to construct 6000 MWe of nuclear power capacity by 2025.
Thailand plans to start constructing an initial nuclear power station in 2014.
Fuller details of all the above contries curently without nuclear power are in country papers or the paper on Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.
Plant Life Extension and Retirements
Most nuclear power plants originally had a nominal design lifetime of 25 to 40 years, but engineering assessments of many plants have established that many can operate longer. In the USA some 60 reactors have been granted licence renewals which extend their operating lives from the original 40 out to 60 years, and operators of most others are expected to apply for similar extensions. Such licence extensions at about the 30-year mark justify significant capital expenditure for replacement of worn equipment and outdated control systems.
In France, there are rolling ten-year reviews of reactors. In 2009 the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) approved EdF's safety case for 40-year operation of the 900 MWe units, based on generic assessment of the 34 reactors. In Japan, plant lifetimes up to 70 years re envisaged.
When some of the first commercial nuclear power stations in the world, Calder Hall and Chapelcross in the UK, were built in the 1950s they were very conservatively engineered, though it was assumed that they would have a useful lifetime of only 20-25 years. They were then authorised to operate for 50 years, but due to economic factors closed earlier. Most other Magnox plants are licensed for 40-year lifetimes.
The Russian government is extending the operating lives of many of the country's reactors from their original 30 years, for 15 years. However, 25-year licence extensions are likely for the newer VVER-1000 units, with significant upgrades.
The technical and economic feasibility of replacing major reactor components, such as steam generators in PWRs and pressure tubes in CANDU heavy water reactors, has been demonstrated. The possibilities of component replacement and licence renewals extending the lifetimes of existing plants are very attractive to utilities, especially in view of the public acceptance difficulties involved in constructing replacement nuclear capacity.
On the other hand, economic, regulatory and political considerations have led to the premature closure of some power reactors, particularly in the United States, where reactor numbers have fell from 110 to 104, and in eastern Europe.
It should not be assumed that reactors will close when their licence is due to expire, since licence renewal is now common. However, new plants coming on line are balanced by old plants being retired. Over 1996-2009, 43 reactors were retired as 49 started operation. There are no firm projections for retirements over the next two decades, but WNA estimates that at least 60 of those now operating will close by 2030, most being small plants. The 2009 WNA Market Report reference case has 143 reactors closing by 2030, using very conservative assumptions about licence renewal.
The World Nuclear Power Reactor table gives a fuller and (for current year) possibly more up to date overview of world reactor status.
2015 China, CGNPC Ningde 4 PWR 1080
2015 China, CGNPC Hongyanhe 5 PWR 1080
2015 China, CGNPC Fangchenggang 1 PWR 1080
2015 China, CNNC Changiang 2 PWR 650
2015 China, CNNC Hongshiding 1 PWR 1080
2015 China, CNNC Taohuajiang 1 PWR 1250
2015 China, CNNC Fuqing 3 PWR 1080
2015 Korea, KHNP Shin-Ulchin 1 PWR 1350
2015 Japan, Tepco Higashidori 1 ABWR 1385
2015 Japan, Chugoku Kaminoseki 1 ABWR 1373
2015 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 3 PHWR 640
2015 Bulgaria, NEK Belene 1 PWR 1000
2016 Korea, KHNP Shin-Ulchin 2 PWR 1350
2016 Romania, SNN Cernavoda 3 PHWR 655
2016 Russia, Energoatom Novovoronezh II-2 PWR 1070
2016 Russia, Energoatom Leningrad II-2 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Rostov 4 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Baltic 1 PWR 1200
2016 Russia, Energoatom Seversk 1 PWR 1200
2016 Ukraine, Energoatom Khmelnitsky 3 PWR 1000
2016 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 4 PHWR 640
2016 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 7 PHWR 640
2016 China, several
2017 Russia, Energoatom Leningrad II-3 PWR 1200
2017 Ukraine, Energoatom Khmelnitsky 4 PWR 1000
2017 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 8 PHWR 640
2017 Romania, SNN Cernavoda 4 PHWR 655
2017 China, several
fatman17
PDF THINK TANK: CONSULTANT
- Joined
- Apr 24, 2007
- Messages
- 32,563
- Reaction score
- 98
- Country
- Location
Pak's one-GW nuke plant project likely to be finalised during Jiabao's visit
2010-12-07
Nach Pakistan anrufen?Ads by GoogleGünstige Gespräche vom Mobiltelefon führen - ohne versteckte Gebühren! www.Lebara.de/Pakistan
Pakistan is expecting a major breakthrough regarding the establishment of a one-gigawatt (GW) nuclear power plant during the Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao's three-day visit to Islamabad starting from December 17, official sources have revealed.
According to highly placed government and diplomatic sources, officials of Pakistan and China have been engaged in extensive talks on setting up a nuclear power plant in Pakistan having a capacity of producing 1 GW electricity, The Nation reports.
An Islamabad-based Chinese official also confirmed that there have been discussions between both countries about building such a power plant in Pakistan, in addition to the two 300-megawatt (MW) plants that Chinese companies are expected to build in Chashma.
It is noteworthy that China has already completed the construction of one nuclear power plant of 300MW in Pakistan while another plant of the same capacity is likely to be completed next year.
During Jiabao's visit, both the sides are expected to finalise the 'Currency swap agreement', while Pakistan will stress for making full use of the Pak-China free trade agreement for increasing bilateral trade to 15 billion dollars per year.
Although China has been talking publicly for the past two months about its intention to build at least two more reactors in Pakistan, Chinese officials have not yet specified how they intend to get around the rules that bar the sale of nuclear technology to countries such as Pakistan, that have not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. (ANI)
2010-12-07
Nach Pakistan anrufen?Ads by GoogleGünstige Gespräche vom Mobiltelefon führen - ohne versteckte Gebühren! www.Lebara.de/Pakistan
Pakistan is expecting a major breakthrough regarding the establishment of a one-gigawatt (GW) nuclear power plant during the Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao's three-day visit to Islamabad starting from December 17, official sources have revealed.
According to highly placed government and diplomatic sources, officials of Pakistan and China have been engaged in extensive talks on setting up a nuclear power plant in Pakistan having a capacity of producing 1 GW electricity, The Nation reports.
An Islamabad-based Chinese official also confirmed that there have been discussions between both countries about building such a power plant in Pakistan, in addition to the two 300-megawatt (MW) plants that Chinese companies are expected to build in Chashma.
It is noteworthy that China has already completed the construction of one nuclear power plant of 300MW in Pakistan while another plant of the same capacity is likely to be completed next year.
During Jiabao's visit, both the sides are expected to finalise the 'Currency swap agreement', while Pakistan will stress for making full use of the Pak-China free trade agreement for increasing bilateral trade to 15 billion dollars per year.
Although China has been talking publicly for the past two months about its intention to build at least two more reactors in Pakistan, Chinese officials have not yet specified how they intend to get around the rules that bar the sale of nuclear technology to countries such as Pakistan, that have not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. (ANI)
Hyde
SENIOR MODERATOR
- Joined
- Oct 20, 2008
- Messages
- 20,542
- Reaction score
- 20
- Country
- Location
Sinnerman108
ELITE MEMBER
- Joined
- Jul 20, 2009
- Messages
- 8,994
- Reaction score
- -3
- Country
- Location
China is always there for Pakistan.
Love China
when will we be there for our selves ??
maverick1977
SENIOR MEMBER
- Joined
- Feb 8, 2009
- Messages
- 4,477
- Reaction score
- -6
- Country
- Location
its about time pakistan start working on 750km rail line to kashgar from havelian (abbotabad), it will be a master piece, rail line from havalian, dir, chitral, gilgit, khunjrab and kashgar
AgNoStiC MuSliM
ADVISORS
- Joined
- Jul 11, 2007
- Messages
- 25,259
- Reaction score
- 87
- Country
- Location
India reconciles to China's N-commerce deal with Pakistan
Sachin Parashar, TNN, Dec 16, 2010, 10.27am IST
NEW DELHI: While India will again express its concerns to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Thursday over China's plans to set up more nuclear reactors in Pakistan, the government is now reconciled to the fact that Beijing is going to successfully 'grandfather' fresh reactors to its pre-Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) deals with Pakistan.
Top government sources confirmed reports that China was on the verge of finalising a deal with Pakistan for a 1-gigawatt nuclear plant, but added that it may not see the light of the day as early as Wen's visit to Pakistan later this week, as is being reported . Wen flies to Islamabad from India on Friday.
A senior government official said, China has officially conveyed to India that the new reactor will be subject to IAEA safeguards.
"There are conflicting reports about whether it will happen as early as his visit to Pakistan.
"It does seem though they are going ahead with the plan as they have conveyed to us it will be under IAEA safeguards ," said the official on condition of anonymity.
The official said, India was more worried about what was happening at Khushab where Pakistan has intensified work on its third reactor, which has not been placed under IAEA safeguards.
Besides, this new 1-gigawatt reactor, which the two sides are negotiating, there are two 300-megawatt reactors that China is helping Pakistan build at Chashma. One of these is already functioning and the other is expected to be operational soon. China plans to build yet another reactor, taking the tally to four.
While New Delhi, perhaps, has no option but to watch helplessly at this stage, it had earlier, indeed, tried hard to prevent such a deal by urging smaller NSG nations like Austria , Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland, among others, to take up the matter with Beijing.
Read more: India reconciles to China's N-commerce deal with Pakistan - The Times of India India reconciles to China's N-commerce deal with Pakistan - The Times of India
===
Well, good to hear that India might be resigning herself to not continuing to be an obstacle in the path of Pakistan's progress, though it appears that the decision might be driven more due to her inability to prevent civilian nuclear cooperation between China and Pakistan, rather than any desire to see Pakistan progress.
IceCold
PDF VETERAN
- Joined
- May 1, 2007
- Messages
- 19,236
- Reaction score
- 10
- Country
- Location
Still India spares no moment where it could to create an obstacle where Pakistan is concerned even with countries such as China which is considered friendly towards Pakistan. This shows their true determination in isolating Pakistan. For now it may turned out to be ineffective as clearly China has more interest in Pakistan then India but who knows about the future. There was a time the relationship between US and Pakistan were the same as present day between China and Pakistan and see where the US stands today.
Point i am trying to make is we should not underestimate India power of diplomacy and their determination where isolating Pakistan is concerned.
Chinese-Dragon
RETIRED TTA
- Joined
- Jul 9, 2010
- Messages
- 33,932
- Reaction score
- 52
- Country
- Location
Well, it looks like India have FINALLY accepted that they cannot stop the Sino-Pakistan nuclear deal.
(I'm sure that India will continue whining nonetheless though.
)Similar threads
