I doubt HQ-16 or HQ-16A (they both have the same range) has more range than CAMM-ER. The bigger limitation for the 054A is it’s older aiming and guidance system.
HQ-16B doesn’t exist in a naval version, the naval version of HQ-16 has a 40KM range. CAMM-ER is just generally much newer than the HQ-16/16A, I’d also say it has a higher kill probability in that case.
054A definitely has it in numbers, 32 versus 16. I’m not sure how GOKDENIZ compares to Type 1130 CIWS but it’s definitely heavier and bigger.
I would say Babur has better software and electronics than 054A, not because Turkey has an edge in that regard over China (I don’t believe that for a second), but because the 054A itself is an older design and I doubt the internals have been upgraded in that regard. If we compared say a Type 52D or Type 55 instead the story would be extremely different. China still has a ways to go before it reaches the electronics level of Germany, France, Italy etc however (I bring this up because some European systems might end up on the Babur).
Not sure about AShMs, there was plenty of discussion on those but I believe the conclusion was that they’re carrying the same AShMs as Chinese 054As. Possible future upgrade however.
I would suggest that China's electronic industry is far ahead of France, Germany, and Italy.
Telecommunications, radar, networking equipment. I mean if we look at AESA, Type 346 was fielded well before Europeans, Space based telecommunications and networking even sensors for tracking ballistic missiles and things like hypersonic aircraft. 5G, now 6G, electronics devices basically in every form from consumer to industry use.
In electronics generally Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany, and USA are leaders, then come Sweden, UK, and France and then others. France and Germany have their specialty areas but overall, neither has 5G tech even. 5G ecosystem is like several hundred pieces of technologies. What about space based encrypted quantum tech... lidar sensors for autonomous cars, LED modules, AESA modules and so on. Lots of examples. But Type 054A uses older electronics for certain and it is an aging ship.
Simply the 054A is just a very lower tier ship for Chinese navy and it is also old. Therefore there is little doubt most of its major electronics are outdated compared to the latest European ones.
Babur may not receive all the best of what Europe has. Just like it would be incorrect to assume PN's Type 054AP will also receive upgrades of what China has. In fact on that we know it does not. It simply has what old 054A has but with a few new radars and maybe command modules fitted to suit PN specifically in terms of use and language etc.
Overall, Babur's firepower cannot compare. 054A is a bigger ship and due to older age and design but we shouldn't ignore that 054A carries basically twice the raw firepower than Babur. It doesn't use its weight well compared to more modern ships though but it's also not terrible in this department either.
054A's VLS cannot quad pack unlike 052D and 055 but if HQ-16 can be upgraded to really make use of its size, then it should easily exceed 100km range. They just want to pack a giant warhead on this missile for whatever reason. YJ-83 is also too old and not capable and if the 8 slant launchers can be upgraded to fire YJ-12 then that will be a huge upgrade in anti surface. However it requires some networking equipment to CEC and needs longer range radars and over the horizon radars or rely on network but PN and PAF do not have the compatibility or the platforms for YJ-12 guidance.
This means 054A is mostly for anti-sub mainly. Barely able to defend itself with just what it has in air defence limited in sensors with 054A against major attacks. Babur also not that great in AD due to only carrying 16 SAMs and one single smaller CIWS. Out of the three services, PN certainly is the least capable but luckily India's naval capabilities are not impressive and they have a very, VERY weak submarine force. Still they do have two carriers and a handful of modern ships, all more modern and more firepower than 054A and Babur - Vish class, Kolkatta, and even their best frigate is pretty decent. This means PAF has a role to play in case of anything.
Hopefully China can deliver some ASBM of older generations for the purpose of sinking major Indian ships in case of naval war. They can have deniability if the ASBM are operated by Chinese forces inside Pakistan. Satellites cannot tell Chinese from Pakistanis if Pakistani uniforms are worn. Can always just claim these were sold to Pakistan and China doesn't have to worry about opsec if only Chinese crew operate first gen ASBMs.