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Richard the Lion-heart fought Saladin on two occasions and defeated the latter in both encounters that are identified as Battle of Arsuf and Battle of Jaffa in history respectively. Details of both battles provided below.
OVERVIEW
THE THIRD CRUSADE (1189-92)
After numerous attempts by the Crusaders of Jerusalem to capture Egypt, Nur al-Din’s forces (led by the general Shirkuh and his nephew, Saladin) seized Cairo in 1169 and forced the Crusader army to evacuate. Upon Shirkuh’s subsequent death, Saladin assumed control and began a campaign of conquests that accelerated after Nur al-Din’s death in 1174. In 1187, Saladin began a major campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. His troops virtually destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory.
Outrage over these defeats inspired the Third Crusade, led by rulers such as the aging Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (who was drowned at Anatolia before his entire army reached Syria), King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart). In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it would be the only true battle of the Third Crusade. From the recaptured city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished Christian control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that reestablished the Kingdom of Jerusalem (though without the city of Jerusalem) and ended the Third Crusade.
Source: http://www.history.com/topics/crusades
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Battle of Arsuf
Date of occurrence: September 7, 1191
Confrontation type: Open ground
Richard's forces:
Infantry = 14000
Knights = 4000
Turcopoles = 2000
Saladin's forces:
Light Infantry = 10000
Cavalry = 10000
Losses of Richard's forces = 700 - 1000 men
Losses of Saladin's forces = 7000 men
Outcome: Decisive victory for King Richard
Details: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-crusades-battle-of-arsuf-2360710
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Battle of Jaffa
Date of occurrence: August 5, 1192
Confrontation type: Siege of Jaffa
CAPTION: When Saladin seized the key Crusader-held port in the Holy Land, Richard I clawed his way back and forced the sultan to the negotiating table.
Richard's forces:
Knights = 80
Infantry = 2000
Crossbowmen = 400
Saladin's forces:
Cavalry = 7000
Losses of Richard's forces = 200 men
Losses of Saladin's forces = 700 men
Outcome: Failure of Saladin's forces to capture Jaffa; Richard forced Saladin to the negotiation table and both reached a compromise on the fate of Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Details: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-jaffa-lionhearts-greatest-victory.htm
NOTE: It shall be noted that Richard was not prepared for this battle since he was on his way to England.
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Q: Why Jerusalem remained under control of Muslims?
By the summer of 1192 the Third Crusade had ground to a bitter halt. After a string of early successes King Richard I of England, popularly known as "the Lionheart," had twice led the Christian army to within sight of Jerusalem only to be turned back by bad weather, strategic concerns and dissension among the Crusaders. The French contingent—long resentful of Richard’s leadership— openly refused to follow him any longer, and even his own men were dissatisfied at how their king had shirked his sacred vow to take the city. Worse yet, disturbing reports from England warned Richard of his brother John’s schemes to seize the throne for himself. With his authority waning on all fronts, the Crusade seemed on the verge of collapse.
Source: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-jaffa-lionhearts-greatest-victory.htm
OVERVIEW
THE THIRD CRUSADE (1189-92)
After numerous attempts by the Crusaders of Jerusalem to capture Egypt, Nur al-Din’s forces (led by the general Shirkuh and his nephew, Saladin) seized Cairo in 1169 and forced the Crusader army to evacuate. Upon Shirkuh’s subsequent death, Saladin assumed control and began a campaign of conquests that accelerated after Nur al-Din’s death in 1174. In 1187, Saladin began a major campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. His troops virtually destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory.
Outrage over these defeats inspired the Third Crusade, led by rulers such as the aging Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (who was drowned at Anatolia before his entire army reached Syria), King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart). In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it would be the only true battle of the Third Crusade. From the recaptured city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished Christian control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that reestablished the Kingdom of Jerusalem (though without the city of Jerusalem) and ended the Third Crusade.
Source: http://www.history.com/topics/crusades
----
Battle of Arsuf
Date of occurrence: September 7, 1191
Confrontation type: Open ground
Richard's forces:
Infantry = 14000
Knights = 4000
Turcopoles = 2000
Saladin's forces:
Light Infantry = 10000
Cavalry = 10000
Losses of Richard's forces = 700 - 1000 men
Losses of Saladin's forces = 7000 men
Outcome: Decisive victory for King Richard
Details: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-crusades-battle-of-arsuf-2360710
----
Battle of Jaffa
Date of occurrence: August 5, 1192
Confrontation type: Siege of Jaffa
CAPTION: When Saladin seized the key Crusader-held port in the Holy Land, Richard I clawed his way back and forced the sultan to the negotiating table.
Richard's forces:
Knights = 80
Infantry = 2000
Crossbowmen = 400
Saladin's forces:
Cavalry = 7000
Losses of Richard's forces = 200 men
Losses of Saladin's forces = 700 men
Outcome: Failure of Saladin's forces to capture Jaffa; Richard forced Saladin to the negotiation table and both reached a compromise on the fate of Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Details: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-jaffa-lionhearts-greatest-victory.htm
NOTE: It shall be noted that Richard was not prepared for this battle since he was on his way to England.
----
Q: Why Jerusalem remained under control of Muslims?
By the summer of 1192 the Third Crusade had ground to a bitter halt. After a string of early successes King Richard I of England, popularly known as "the Lionheart," had twice led the Christian army to within sight of Jerusalem only to be turned back by bad weather, strategic concerns and dissension among the Crusaders. The French contingent—long resentful of Richard’s leadership— openly refused to follow him any longer, and even his own men were dissatisfied at how their king had shirked his sacred vow to take the city. Worse yet, disturbing reports from England warned Richard of his brother John’s schemes to seize the throne for himself. With his authority waning on all fronts, the Crusade seemed on the verge of collapse.
Source: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-jaffa-lionhearts-greatest-victory.htm
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