The Gujjars, who live Nomadic life today, have once ruled the entire Northern India .Modern day Gujrat was called "GUJAR-RATA" or Gujjar Rashtra meaning thereby "Kingdom of Gujjars". This was the area where Gujjars flourished and their rule spread over entire Northern India .Gujjar tribe appeared on the horizon of India during 5th century A.D, with the advent of white Huns and they established their rule on northern parts. History revealed that the entire Northern India , was ruled by the Ashkani ,Panwar, Baruoch Chaweri and Parthar Gujjars. There states of Gujjar kingdoms present a brief account of the Glorious past of Gujjars. Not only this, the immortal remains of Gujjar past tell their stories in the whole central Asia and adjoining areas.Presently Gujjars live in above one dozen States of India, with their distinctive life style, these States include Jammu and Kashmir , Himachal Pradesh. Haryana, Punjab , Rajasthan, Utter Pardesh , M.P , Utteranchal and Gujrat, besides a few areas in Delhi The frontier, Baluchistan and Punjab province of Pakistan also have number of colonies of Gujjars. Not only this but in ethnicAfghanistan the Gujjars are holding important Position.
The State of Jammu and Kashmir been the advent of Gurjars during 9th and 10th century A.D. This was the period when Islam was spreading in northern India . According to historians there are 4 major reasons for settlingof Gujjars in Jammu and Kashmir .
* The wars for throne in Gujrat and adjoining States, resulting in fighting and exodus of Gujjars after their defeat.
* The frequent earth quacks and intolerable secession in Gujrat, Rajastan and neighboring States.
* To explore new meadows and pastures for sustenance of life and cattle.
*In addition to above, after embracing Islam it was also imperative on their part to migrate to new Muslim dominated areas.
The State of J&K has five big Sub-Tribe of Gujjars which include:-
1. Banhara / Dodhi Gujjars .
Dodhi Gujjars who are presently inhabited in areas of Jammu/Udhampur/Kathua and Doda. The main business of this sub-tribe is dairy Products etc.
2. Bakarwal Gujjars :-
This Sub-tribe resides almost in every District of the State in a Substantial number however, they are mostly the residents of Kalakote, Riasi, Nowshaira, Bandi-Pura, Shopian, Kulgam, Pahlgam, Tral and uri etc.
3. Alahiwal Gujjars:-
This Sub-tribe has migrated from the frontier province of Pakistan and are mostly nomads.
4. Kanhari Gujjars :-
This Sub-tribe has migrated from Swat and Hazara areas Presently in Pakistan . Now a days Good Number of these Gujjars live in KalaKote of Rajouri District.
5. Semi-nomad Gujjars :-
One more Sub-Tribe of Gujjars are those who have by and large prominently settled in various parts of the State ..