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Projection of Naval Modernization

asaad,

To be honest, the only thing we're missing is a 5th generation fighter project...which I think we'll need China quite a bit. There's no doubt that CAC or SAC have F-35-inspired projects entailing single-engine designs that we could use. Though I'd prefer Turkey, Pakistan and South Korea work on one together, Insh'Allah.
 
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this i think pn should go for ver versitile of weapons it carries







The German Navy's new F125 frigate will have the capability to be deployed worldwide for up to two years before returning to the home base and can be in operation for up to 5,000 hours a year, including under tropical conditions.

The main mission of the F125 frigate is taking part in joint assignments, including multinational assignments in network-centric operations. The 5,500t displacement frigate has a new and stealthy design of hull and superstructure, which appears to be based on a highly modified Meko-D configuration.

"Each F125 frigate has two crews of typically 105 to 120 people which are changed every four months."The German Navy started to plan a successor for the F122 Bremen Class frigates in 1997. The German Navy operates eight Bremen Class F122 frigates, which entered service between 1982 and 1990.

The concept of the replacement frigates was originally as a multi-role combatant but, by 2005 the requirement for the F125 was based on a capability to counter asymmetric threats and perform stabilisation operations with lethal and non-lethal intervention. The German Navy announced that the F125 would be armed with land attack systems and air warfare point-defence equipment but would not be equipped with sonar.

In June 2007, ThyssenKrupp announced the Arge F125 consortium had been contracted by the Federal Office for Defence Technology and Procurement (BWB) for four F125 frigates. The Arge F125 consortium comprises the industrial leader, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (including Blohm + Voss and Nordseewerke) with Lurssen Werft. Construction is expected to start in 2011 and delivery of the first of class F125 is scheduled for 2014. Deliveries are expected to take place at one-year to two-year intervals with completion of delivery of all four frigates between 2017 and 2022.

F125 crew

Each frigate has two crews of typically 105 to 120 people, who are changed every four months. The number of crew represents an approximately 50% reduction in crew compared to previous generation frigates and is achieved partly through a high level of automation.

The frigate also accommodates 50 special forces and their equipment. The special forces' transportation can be two helicopters or four armed boats.

Command and control

In March 2006, EADS was contracted to supply the F125 command and control and weapons deployment system, FuWES (Fuhrungs-und Waffeneinsatzsystem). The contract covered the development and delivery of the system, including the complete software, hardware and infrastructure and the FuWES testing and performance verification for all four frigates.

The FuWES system has an open and modular structure allowing flexibility to accommodate future additional or modified systems. In order to provide tactical data exchange and a high level of interoperability with other joint and combined military platforms, the communications systems, link 11, link 16 and link 22 are integrated into F125 command and control system. The combat management system is operated from the Atlas Elektronik OMADA consoles, designed specifically for the F125.

Weapons

The ship is equipped for defence against air attack and also for land attack.

The F125 is also armed with non-lethal weapons, such as water cannons and searchlights for non-provocative deterrence and defence.

F125 guns

The ship is fitted with ten guns, 12.7mm to 155mm, which allow fast automatic engagement.

The BWB awarded Oto Melara contracts for the supply of five 127/64 LW Alleggerito lightweight naval guns, four for installation on the F125 frigates and the fifth for training.

"The F125 ship is equipped for defence against air attack and also for land attack."The gun is installed on the forward gun deck. The turret of the 127/64 Alleggerito has a low radar cross section.

The gun has two automatic feeding devices (AFDs), one for the charges and one for the projectiles, the rounds being automatically assembled before entering the turret, and can fire long-range Vulcano ammunition. The guns have a 35-rounds-a-minute rate of fire and a range of 23km against surface targets and 8.6km against airborne target.

The German Navy has also selected the Oto Melara remote controlled 12.7mm HITROLE naval turret in the naval tilting (NT) option for the F125. The contract covers the supply of 25 systems, five for installation of each of the four frigates and five for installation on land for training.

Missiles

Two quadruple missile launchers for the Boeing RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile are installed amidship on the missile deck forward of the funnel. The Harpoon missiles are armed with a 227kg warhead and use active radar homing. The missiles have a high subsonic speed (Mach 0.9) and a range of up to 130km.

The F125 has two 21-cell mk49 launchers armed with the Raytheon RIM-116 rolling airframe missile (RAM). The RAM point defence missile is a lightweight infrared homing surface-to-air missile for deployment against incoming anti-ship cruise missiles. The forward launcher is installed immediately forward of the bridge and the aft launcher is installed on the roof of the helicopter hangar just forward of the helicopter deck.

Sensors

The frigates have no conventional on-board sonar but instead have a diver and swimmer detection sonar to counter terrorist and special forces threats. The frigates are equipped with a 360° infrared surveillance system installed on the front surface of the tower mast at a position just lower than the air and surface search radar.

Radar systems will include an EADS TRS-3D air and surface search radar, navigation and fire control radars. The TRS-3D radar carries out automatic detection, track initiation and tracking of all types of air and sea targets.

The navigation radar is installed on the roof of the bridge.

Countermeasures

Much of the electronic warfare suite has not been announced but it will include four Rheinmetall MASS multi ammunition soft-kill systems. The MASS decoy and mini mortar dispensers are installed on the port and starboard sides above the bridge and on the helicopter hangar roof.

"The F125 has two 21-cell mk49 launchers armed with the Raytheon RIM-116 rolling airframe missile (RAM)."Aircraft

The frigate has a 490m² aft helicopter deck and a hangar for two NH-90 helicopters. The NH-90 helicopters have a range of 790km.

Propulsion

The frigates are fitted with a new combined diesel electric and gas (CODLAG) electrical propulsion system with a 20MW gas turbine, four 11.6MW diesel engines, and two 9.4MW electric motors. The machinery drives two shafts with five-bladed controllable-pitch propellers.

The main machinery will run for 30,000 hours between major overhauls. The F125 is fitted with bow thrusters for precision dockyard manoeuvring without assistance.


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The German Navy's new F125 frigate will have the capability to be deployed worldwide for up to two years before returning to the home base and can be operated up to 5,000 hours a year, including under tropical conditions.

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The F125 frigates will be armed with the Oto Melara 127/64 LW Alleggerito lightweight naval guns which have a rate of fire of 34 rounds a minute and a range of 23km against surface targets and 8.6km against airborne targets.

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The F125 frigate has a 490m² aft helicopter deck and a hangar for two NH-90 helicopters, which have a range of 790km.

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Two quadruple missile launchers for the Boeing RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile are installed amidship on the missile deck forward of the funnel.

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The French Navy Cassard Class anti-aircraft frigates are assigned to the Force d'Action Navale with headquarters at the Mediterranean Command base at Toulon. The Cassard (D 614) and the Jean Bart (D 615), built at the Lorient naval Dockyard of DCN (now DCNS), were commissioned in 1988 and 1991.

COMMAND AND CONTROL

The ship is equipped with the Senit combat data system, developed by DCN, and an OPSMER command support system.

"The Cassard Class are anti-aircraft frigates."Senit gathers, correlates, evaluates and displays information from shipboard sensors and handles data exchanges with other units, via tactical data links, including Link 11 and 14 and the Syracuse satellite communications system.

Fire control is provided by the DCNS CTMS and the SAGEM DIBV 1A Vampir infrared detector is integrated with the ship's search radar for target tracking. A Najir optronic fire director from Sagem Défense Sécurité (formerly EADS Defence & Electronics) is fitted for the main gun.

MISSILES

Two four-cell missile launchers for the Exocet MM40 are installed in a midship position between the two citadels. Exocet is produced by MBDA (formerly EADS Aerospatiale). The anti-ship missile has a range of 70km and speed of approximately Mach 0.95. The mk 13 mod 5 launcher for the Standard SM-1R surface-to-air missile is installed forward of the helicopter hangar. SM-1MR has a maximum speed of Mach 2 with a range of 45km and altitude up to 18km. The Aster 30 missile will replace the SM-1MR during the ships' mid-life refit.

The French Navy has awarded MBDA a contract for the Exocet MM40 block 3 missile to be deployed on vessels from 2008. The block 3 missile will have a new turbojet propulsion system which will give a range extended to 180km.

Two Sadral six round turrets for the MBDA (Matra BAe Dynamics) Mistral missiles are mounted on the raised deck each side of the helicopter hangar. The infrared-guided Mistral provides short-range air defence up to 5km.

GUNS

"Two four-cell missile launchers for the Exocet MM40 are installed in a midship position between the two citadels."The main gun is the DCNS 100mm gun, which is capable of firing 13.5kg shells at a rate of 80 rounds a minute to a range of 8km. The ship also has two Oerlikon 20mm guns, which have a range of 10km and a firing rate of 720 rounds a minute.

TORPEDOES

The ship has two KD 59E torpedo launchers for ECAN L5 mod 4 anti-submarine torpedoes. The torpedoes have a speed of 35kt and use active and passive homing to deliver a 150kg warhead to a depth of 550m at a target range up to 10km.

HELICOPTER

The ship has a flight deck at the stern with a single landing spot for the Eurocopter AS 565MA Panther helicopter. The ship stores an arsenal of helicopter-launched mk 46 torpedoes supplied by ATK (AlliantTechsystems). The DCNS Samahe helicopter handling system allows deployment and recovery of the helicopter in high sea states.

COUNTERMEASURES

The ship is fitted with the DR-3000S (French Navy designation ARBR 17B) radar warning receiver operating in D to K bands. The radar jammer is the Thales Optrosys ARBB-33, an early variant of the Salamandre, which is used to counter hostile I-, H- and J-band radars.

The ship has two Sagem Défense Sécurité (formerly EADS Defence & Electronics) Dagaie and two Sagaie decoy launchers for chaff or infrared flares. The ship is also equipped with the LAD offboard decoy supplied by Thales and the AN/SLQ-23 Nixie towed torpedo decoy.

SENSORS

The ship's radar suite includes DRBJ 11B 3D air search radar and DRBV 26C air and surface search radar operating at D band, from Thales. Two fire control radars are the I-band Thales DRBC 33A and Raytheon SPG-51C operating at G and I bands.

"The main gun is the DCNS 100mm gun."The ship's hull-mounted sonar is the Thales Underwater Systems (formerly Thomson Marconi Sonar) SDUBA 25A or DUBV 24C operating in search and attack modes.

PROPULSION

The ship's propulsion system is based on four SEMT-Pielstick 18 PA6 V 280 BTC diesel engines rated at 31.75MW sustained power and driving two shafts. The maximum speed is 30kt. The range, at an economical speed of 18kt, is 8,000 miles.
 
The Type 094 (also referred to as Type 09-IV, NATO reporting name: Jin class) is the PLA Navy’s second-generation nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), intended to replace the Type 092 (Xia class) SSBN of a single hull commissioned in 1983. The Type 094 was designed by CSIC’s Wuhan 2nd Ship Design Institute (also known as 719 Institute) in Wuhan, Hubei Province and built by CSIC’s Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. (previously known as Bohai Shipyard) in Huludao, Liaoning Province.

Construction of the first-of-class submarine began in 1999 and the submarine was launched in July 2004. A second hull was launched possibly in 2007. The U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) predicted in December 2006 that the PRC will need to build a total of five Type 094 SSBNs in order to maintain a near-continuous at-sea SSBN presence, with at least one boat available and ready for missile launch at all times.

The Type 094 SSBN bears many similarity with the Type 093 (Shang class) nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN), suggesting that the two submarines were based on the same design baseline. The dive displacement was estimated to be 8,000~9,000 tonnes. The Type 094 is expected to be quieter than the Type 092 SSBN, with improved reliability and sensors. The development of the Type 093 and Type 094 has been reportedly assisted by Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering in St. Petersburg, one of Russia’s primary nuclear submarine designer.

Satellite images have captured the two Type 094 SSBNs docked at the Bohai Shipyard, and one of the submarines was also spotted inside the PLA Navy’s only known nuclear submarine base at Xiaopingdao, Liaoning Province. In April 2008, Federation of American Scientists (FAS) website revealed that a Type 094 SSBN has been deployed to a newly-built nuclear submarine base near Sanyang City on the southern Hainan Island [1].

Shiplist
this submarine would be good for our navy
 
type 054 frigate.


The Type 054 (NATO codename: Jiangkai Class) is the new-generation multirole missile frigate for the PLA Navy. The main contractors are the Shanghai-based Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard and Guangzhou-based Huangpu Shipyard, both under the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). Production of the first-of-class, Ma’anshan (525), was begun in late 2002 at Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard and it was launched on 11 September 2003. The ship was commissioned on 18 February 2005. The second hull Wenzhou (526) was launched on 30 November 2003 at Huangpu Shipyard and it was commissioned in 2006. Both ships are deployed by the PLA Navy East Sea Fleet.



From the third hull, the ship was built in the improved Type 054A (Jiangkai-II class) variant, featuring an 32-cell air-defence missile VLS and Russian Top Plate 3D air search radar. The third hull Xuzhou (530) was launched on 30 September 2006 and it was commissioned in late 2007. The fourth hull Zhoushan (529) was launched on 23 May 2007. The fifth and sixth hull 570 Huangshan and 568 Chaohu were launched in late 2007 and early 2008 respectively. The production is likely going to continue beyond 2010 to replace the ageing Type 053H Jianghu Class, in service since the 1970s. The vessel may also attract some interest from international customers in the developing countries.

In the News
New Type 054A Frigate Commissioned 14 July 08



The Type 054/A represents a significant improvements over previous Chinese-built frigates such as Type 053H Jianghu Class and Type 053H2G/H3 Jiangwei Class, and is approaching modern Western frigate designs in terms of size and capabilities. In particular, the vertical launch medium-range air-defence missile system onboard the Type 054A provides the ship with a fleet defence capability of over 35km range. More hulls are expected to be built to replace the obsolete frigates that were built in the 1970s/80s.

Like the French La Fayette class, the Type 054 incorporates a number of stealthy features, including the sloped side to minimise radar cross section, the radar-absorbent paint on the hull surface, and the reduced profiles of external features. The helicopter deck at the stern has a single landing spot for a medium size helicopter, such as the Russian Kamov Ka-28 Helix, or the indigenous Harbin Z-9C. The deck is fitted with the helicopter handling system. The Type 054 has a full displacement of 4,300t, and the Type 054A has a full displacement of 4,500t.


Type 054 Jiangkai-I class FFG (Chinese Internet)

Missiles

The Type 054’s primary surface strike weapon system is the YJ-83 sea-skimming anti-ship cruise missile. Two quadruple launchers are installed at the mid-ship position. The missile uses active radar-homing to deliver a 165kg warhead to a range in excess of 180km.

The initial two hulls in the Type 054 variant are equipped with an 8-cell Chinese indigenous HQ-7 (French Thales Crotale copy) short-range SAM system, with a maximum range of 13km.

On the improved Type 054A this was replaced by a 32-cell VLS developed by Luoyang Electro-Optics Technology Development Centre (EOTDC). The exact model of the air defence missile is unknown, but some reports have suggested that it may be the 38km-range Russian 9M317 (NATO codename: SA-N-12) Shtil semi-active radar-homing medium-range SAM, or its Chinese copy reportedly designated HQ-16.

Unconfirmed reports suggested that the VLS could also launch an anti-submarine missile designated Yu-8. The missile carries an acoustic-homing torpedo, possibly developed from the Yu-7 (Mk-46 copy).

Guns

The initial two hulls are fitted with four Russian-made AK-630 six-barrel 30mm CIWS and an indigenous single-barrel 100mm main gun.


The VLS on the bow deck of Type 054A (Chinese Internet)

The Type 054A is equipped with two Chinese indigenous Type 730 seven-barrel 30mm CIWS to provide short-range air defence. The Type 730 CIWS has a maximum rate of fire of 4,600~5,800 rounds/min and a maximum range of 3,000m. The gun is controlled by the Chinese-made TR47C fire-control radar and an electro-optic director, both mounted on the roof of the gun turret. A single-barrel 76mm gun (possibly Russian AK-176 copy) is installed on the bow deck.

The ship also has two Type 87 six-tube anti-submarine rocket launchers, with 36 rockets (240mm calibre, 34kg warhead). The maximum range is 1,200m.

Sensors

The basic variant Type 054 has a Chinese indigenous sensor suite consisting of a Chinese Indigenous Type 360S 2D air/surface radar (E/F-band, max range: 150km to aircraft and 50km to sea-skimming missile); a Type 347G radar (I-band) for CIWS fire-control, a Type 344 radar (I/J-band) for main gun and anti-ship missile targeting, and a Type 345 radar (J-band) for HQ-7 SAM fire-control. The ship also has an MR-36A surface search radar operating at I-band.


The Type 054A is fitted with a sensor suite mainly based on Russian designs (Chinese Internet)

The sensors of the Type 054A Jiangkai-II class are mainly Russian designs, produced either by licensed co-production or reverse-engineering of the systems obtained along with the Project 956 Sovremenny class missile destroyers.

The air search radar is a Fregat-MAE-5 (NATO reporting name: Top Plate) 3D air search radar mounted at the top of the front mast, offering two channels in E-band. The radar can track up to 40 targets simultaneously, and has a maximum range of 120km to aircraft and 50km to sea-skimming missile.

Four MR90 (NATO reporting name: Front Dome) F-band radars (two on top of the bridge, two on the roof of the helicopter hanger) provide guidance for the air defence missiles. Originally designed to provide fire-control for the 9M317/SA-N-7 Shtil SAM, each radar can provide two channels to guide two missiles simultaneously.

A large round radome installed on top of the bridge houses the Mineral-ME (NATO reporting name: Band Stand) radar that provides anti-ship missile control and over-the-horizon radar acquisition and target designation of surface ships.

The ship has three indigenous Type 347G I-band radars, two of which are integrated with the Type 730 CIWS to provide fire-control and a standalone radar is installed on top of the bridge behind the large round radome provides fire-control for the 76mm main gun.

There is also a large round radome mounted at the top of the rear mast, possibly housing a MR36 (Type 346?) surface search radar.

Sonar

The Type 054A is reportedly fitted with a Russian MGK-335 fixed sonar suite, including Bull Horn active and Whale Tongue passive hull-mounted, medium frequency search and attack sonar. Due to limited information available, this claim cannot be confirmed.


Type 054A Jiangkai-II class hull 570 Huangshan (Chinese Internet)

Countermeasures

The ship is equipped with two 18-tube multiple rocket launchers at the mid-ship position. They are thought to be used to launch decoys/chaffs. The round radome installed on top of the helicopter hanger and few smaller round radomes are believed to house electronic warfare antennas.

Propulsion

The propulsion is a combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) arrangement. The system is based on four SEMT Pielstick (now MAN Diesel SA) 16 PA6V-280 STC diesel engines, one of the most advanced diesel engine designs in Europe. A similar 12 PA6V-280 STC engine with less power is also used by the French La Fayette class frigate. China imported the 16 PA6V-280 STC diesel technology in the late 1990s and is now producing the diesel locally under license at Shaanxi Diesel Factory. Each 16 PA6V-280 engine can produce a sustained power of 4,720kW (6,330hp), giving a total power of 18,880kW (25,320hp).
 
asaad,

To be honest, the only thing we're missing is a 5th generation fighter project...which I think we'll need China quite a bit. There's no doubt that CAC or SAC have F-35-inspired projects entailing single-engine designs that we could use. Though I'd prefer Turkey, Pakistan and South Korea work on one together, Insh'Allah.
Mark, we both know that there has been some talk on how Pakistan is interested in China's 5th generation project. I'm sure there is only one project for a twin-engined fighter, similar to the F/A-22. PAF will be satisfied with a twin-engined fighter that can supercruise and has excellent maneuverability. However, there is no telling if pakistan has joined the project, or is even allowed to join.

at this point, no one can say that China will allow us due the secrecy of such a project. However, there are indicators that point towards serious cooperation such as Musharraf's visit to the J-10 production factory. I don't think anyone can argue against something like that. also, news of Pakistan showing interest towards the 5th generation project came out years ago. there's no telling what stage we are probably at (hopefully we are on board, insha'Allah).

however, China does have projects for stealthy UCAV's which shouldn't be that difficult to get access to. although the Anjian (Dark Sword) UCAV has been dropped, there is work going on with an even more advanced UCAV, and obviously these aircraft will be stealthy. I hope we can participate in such a project, insha'Allah.
 
F-22 is the type 53H3 class Light frigte its not an corvette.

Oliver hazard perry is a dying class of American Frigates and America is not using it now. only few of them is working in US navy as reserve force america is depending on Arleigh Burke class of destroyers and working on Zumwalt class destroyer
 
Some issues:

I am kind of unsure of H Khan's own definition of F-22P, he terms it a frigate, pshamim said it was a corvette-class and I think it is corvette class. So I will use a consensus, and we'll have to wait & see what happens. However if you compare the displacement & weapon-systems of F-22P and the modern frigate - including an upgraded Oliver Hazard Perry - you'll see why some call it "corvette class".

F22P displacement is about 2500 - 3000 tons.

That is similar to Italy's Lupo and Artigliari classes and like employed by Peru and Venezuela. Armaments and sensors are similar too. In this size-category you also find e.g. Malaysia's Lekiu class (UK Yarrow Frigate 2000). Which also is similar in terms of armanents and sensors.

The comparison with OHP is false. When OHP came out, it was one of the larger frigates of its generation, more in line with British Type 22 and Canada's Halifax class (over 4000 tons). Contemporary Dutch S-, L- and even the newer M- frigates are all smaller as are e.g. Germany's F122 Bremen class and the widely exported Meko 200 variants (including ANZAC). Likewise Italy's Meastrale class frigate. All 3000-4000 ton range.

Corvettes e.g. the Italian Minerva and Commandante classes, German K130 Braunschweig class, ARA MEKO 140 and Polish A-100 are significantly smaller 1000-2000 tons.

It is a relatively recent phenomenon that ships of 5000-6000 tons are referred to as frigates. In the light of this trend, it is not surprising that corvettes now too see displacement-creep. What was once called a light frigate may in future be referred to as a corvette.
 
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