Van Buitenen; The Mahabharata – 1; The Book of the Beginning. Introduction (Authorship and Date)
Dio Chrysostom, 53.
6-7, trans. H. Lamar Crosby,
Loeb Classical Library, 1946, vol. 4, p. 363.
He was a greek writer and His poems were sung even in india and he lived in 200 ce
if mahabartha is that old how they are using that writes poem thats why i said indian history is messed and No professional archaeologist in the history of indian and how can people think a book belong to god and was written and changed by different authors in different ages these are the two proof now Unless you any proof then open your mouth
I Will Just Say lol when christians were in the dark ages that was the golden age for science and islam Why, here are some achievements of Muslims
And let me tell you some thing the great minds of Europe came to study In Islamic states for better knowledge
Islamic Golden Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Science in the medieval Islamic world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Few examples
1 The elephant clock (below)
This centrepiece of the exhibition is a three-metre high replica of an early 13th-century water clock and one of the engineering marvels of the medieval world. It was built by al-Jazari, and gives physical form to the concept of multiculturalism. It features an Indian elephant, Chinese dragons, a Greek water mechanism, an Egyptian phoenix, and wooden robots in traditional Arabian attire. The timing mechanism is based on a water-filled bucket hidden inside the elephant.
2 The camera obscura
The greatest scientist of the medieval world was a 10th century Arab by the name of Ibn al-Haytham. Among his many contributions to optics was the first correct explanation of how vision works. He used the Chinese invention of the camera obscura (or pinhole camera) to show how light travels in straight lines from the object to form an inverted image on the retina.
3 Al-Idrisi's world map
This three-metre reproduction of the famous 12th-century map by the Andalusian cartographer, Al-Idrisi (1100-1166), was produced in Sicily and is regarded as the most elaborate and complete description of the world made in medieval times. It was used extensively by travellers for several centuries and contained detailed descriptions of the Christian north as well as the Islamic world, Africa and the Far East.
4 The Banu Musa brothers' "ingenious devices"
These three brothers were celebrated mathematicians and engineers in ninth-century Baghdad. Their Book of Ingenious Devices, published in 850, was a large illustrated work on mechanical devices that included automata, puzzles and magic tricks as well as what we would today refer to as "executive toys".
5 Al-Zahrawi's surgical instruments
This array of weird and wonderful devices shows the sort of instruments being used by the 10th-century surgeon al-Zahrawi, who practised in Cordoba. His work was hugely influential in Europe and many of his instruments are still in use today. Among his best-known inventions were the syringe, the forceps, the surgical hook and needle, the bone saw and the lithotomy scalpel.
6 Ibn Firnas' flying contraption (above)
Abbas Ibn Firnas was a legendary ninth-century inventor and the Da Vinci of the Islamic world. He is honoured on Arabic postage stamps and has a crater on the moon named after him. He made his famous attempt at controlled flight when, aged 65, he built a rudimentary hang glider and launched himself from the side of a mountain. Some accounts claim he remained airborne for several minutes before landing badly and hurting his back.
