POLISARIO WARNS MOROCCO

[Zhukov]

No offense please but why do these soldiers have so much resemblance with pharoah Remsis II Mummy?

 

[Hack-Hook]

Are You comparing North African Armies to Saud failed Army .... thats funny
Saudi military even if u give them the heaviest and most advanced gear they will still loose it because they are stupid

well KSA and Co. use many African mercenaries in Yemen

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

Only idiots like yourself believes what the Makhzen says..Morocco didn't win in 63 nor 1976...You won the release of your prisoners of war..a little over 400 released by the Polisario and 2000 + by Algeria...

Top secret! Amgala, my love!
In North Africa , Algeria 08/12/2011


If there is a battle rooted in the collective imagination in Algeria, it is that of Amgala. Everyone, or almost everyone, has heard of it. Some vaguely describe it as an overwhelming victory over the Moroccan army beyond our borders and others insist on the "special" character of the Algerian forces who participated. No official source has ever given details in Algeria, no newspaper or book speaks exhaustively. Many of the actors in this (these) battle (s) have disappeared or keep to the minimum of information.
In Morocco, unlike Algeria, many things were said, the actors of the time have been struggling, thirty years, to restore the tarnished coat of arms of the army of King Hassan II by telling a "certain" version , denying one of the battles and claiming that it was an Algerian aggression.
Anxious to restore the truth, we propose through this article an attempt to describe the two battles of Amgala.



The Context
We are in January 1976, just three months after the green march that saw the onslaught of Moroccan civilian "volunteers" and the forces of King Hassan II. This sudden surge towards the South has caused the Spanish to give way who have quickly left the Saharawi territory, it will also result in real massacres committed on the indigenous populations who quickly found themselves driven from their lands and subject to a forced scarcity in the desert environment of Western Sahara.
In this context, President Houari Boumediène ordered in November 1975 the ANP to help refugees and displaced Sahrawi, including on their land, by providing food and logistics. At that time, although the Polisario Front exists, the war against the Moroccan colonizer is not yet launched and the announcement of creation of the Sahrawi Arab Republic is not even made.
In early January 1976, the 41 battalion of ANP ground forces infantry, commanded by Captain Lounes Arib, composed mostly of conscripts but surrounded by former ALN guerrillas, provides livelihoods for more two thousand Saharawis.The latter, who had sought refuge in the village of Amgala, the only water point for tens of miles around, had fled from Moroccan bombing in the Hawza and Smara regions. Among the fugitives there were a large number of young children, more than a hundred of whom died because of lack of water, food or care. Amgala I





On January 21, 1976, armed men of the Polisario attack a Mauritanian military group in the Dakhla region, they manage to kill about sixty soldiers and retreat to the north of Mauritania. Ould Dadda calls for urgent help from France and Morocco, only the latter responds by sending two F5 planes to rake the area.Immediately one of the two aircraft is shot down by a Polisarian anti-aircraft battery (in Mauritania) and its captured pilot. The suspicions of Hassan II and General Dlimi (commander of the Royal Armed Forces FAR), then turn to Algeria.
Believing that Boumediène had invaded Western Sahara and northern Mauritania, they decided to cut an alleged supply line from the ANP to his troops by massively sending troops.
It was there that Amgala's small cantonment was discovered, which was seen as a threat.
On the 22nd of January, at the end of the day, exchanges of fire were heard between Moroccan and Algerian soldiers. On the following day, six FAR battalions encircled Amgala, cutting off roads and access to the wells. Captain Arib orders his men to hold their positions until reinforcements arrive. The Algerian battalion is specialized in logistics and stewardship, its elements are equipped with small and medium weapons, but nothing to hold a seat. And yet it took five days for Moroccans, superior in number and equipment to overcome the Algerian cantonment. Captain Arib is among the first to fall in the field of honor, he will not survive the wounds of a Moroccan mortar fire, with him two hundred other Algerians are killed.102 are taken prisoner,


Heavy decisions
Boumediène is faced with a dilemma, how to intervene to try to save the 41st battalion which was very far from the nerve centers of the ANP but also far beyond the borders. Knowing that the mission was humanitarian, no massive deployment of troops was planned or planned near the Sahrawi border, unlike the Moroccans who were in a logic of war prepared long.
Organizing an air bombing mission was very complicated because of the deployment of a large part of our bomber in Egypt and the mobilization of those remaining in the bases of eastern Algeria in view of a probable conflict with Israel. In the end tactician, Boumediene, did not want to respond to the Moroccan provocations preferred to prepare to digest the attack and prepare the response serenely while negotiating the recovery of Algerian prisoners of war. Political unrest in Algiers Three trends were clashing in Algiers within the government and the Algerian politico-military apparatus. Chadli Bendjedid and many officers were in favor of a cold war and putting pressure on Moroccans by massaging troops all along their border.






Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who was obsessed with leaving Algeria out of the country, favored diplomatic action and opened talks with Rabat. He was resolutely against the strong way and firmly believed in the good efforts of Hassan II.
When Mohamed Salah Yahiaoui, who collected the resentment of a large proportion of the political apparatus and the Army, literally besieged, with Zerguini, the Boumediene office, to convince him to act militarily and avenge the Algerian dead.
President Boumediène took the view of these three trends, acting diplomatically with the support of some Arab countries (Libya, Syria, Yemen). He will deploy troops to Bechar and Tindouf and order a symbolic "recovery" action of Amgala. A strong signal to Hassan II Amgala II A few weeks passed, a convoy of Land Rover, with on board a commando of paras of the ANP, left in the late afternoon Bechar, heading north of Mauritania. Its mission to bypass the South, Tifariti, Bir Lahlou and Mahbes, with Amgala as the only point of view. Arrived on the spot, the paratroopers are grilled in Saharawi warriors, moreover elements of the Polisario are there to lend a hand and guide the Algerians.




On the spot, Moroccans expecting a classical invasion, fortify the area and deploy artillery and heavy machine guns. It is with the knife that the Algerian commando makes its way in the heart of the device. The Moroccan section is decimated very quickly and the Polisario forces come the next day to occupy the ground. To date, Amgala is a city free of any Moroccan presence. conclusions



The recovery of Amgala was a turning point for Moroccan expansionist ambitions. Since then, the FARs have learned not to cross iron with the ANP. The deployment of troops between Bechar and Tindouf finally lasted almost thirty years and it is still effective. These two actions were perceived by Hassan II as a strong signal of an enemy who did not fall into his trap. A few days after Amgala II, the sovereign wrote these words to President Boumediene: " I urge you to avoid another tragedy in Morocco and Algeria. I also ask you to ensure, either by a fair and openly declared war or by a guaranteed international peace, that henceforth one does not say at home, in my country, among my people, Algeria = Inconstancy . "Hassan II February 1976 Thanks to Bousfer who will recognize himself

top idiots not top secret

enjoy this picture

 

[ezerdi2]

fake news
algeria attacked morocco 3 times in 1963 , 1975 , 1985
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fake news

fake news
algeria attacked morocco 3 times in 1963 , 1975 , 1985
​

Fake news !!! Morocco attempt to take control of parts of western and southern Algeria, to include into Moroccan territory its a Invasion
http://i-cias.com/e.o/sand_war.htm
anyway your army failed you not a good nighboor keep busy with polisario and UN aux plaisirs

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

fake news


Fake news !!! Morocco attempt to take control of parts of western and southern Algeria, to include into Moroccan territory its a Invasion
http://i-cias.com/e.o/sand_war.htm
anyway your army failed you not a good nighboor keep busy with polisario and UN aux plaisirs

we raise moroccan flag from " oum el achar " to" Tinfouchy " ( tindouf region ) and we failed poor brain washed algerian

 

[ezerdi2]

we raise moroccan flag from " oum el achar " to" Tinfouchy " ( tindouf region ) and we failed poor brain washed algerian

You didnt take it you just stay some days and your army back so you failed you should be ashamed attacking your nighboor who just finish out of 7 years war with France

 

[Ceylal]

top idiots not top secret

enjoy this picture

Those are not Algerians..Did you post some picture of your troops in central Africa, or Congo, when then they are not raping infants.. being a house domestic for the French troop is a Moroccan glory..
Why don’t you talk to us about how many prisoners the Polisario has released and how many were released by the Algerian side...
Amazing in the tagine brain functions..

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

You didnt take it you just stay some days and your army back so you failed you should be ashamed attacking your nighboor who just finish out of 7 years war with France

if you just finish out a 7 years war don't attack others country.
​

Those are not Algerians..Did you post some picture of your troops in central Africa, or Congo, when then they are not raping infants.. being a house domestic for the French troop is a Moroccan glory..
Why don’t you talk to us about how many prisoners the Polisario has released and how many were released by the Algerian side...
Amazing in the tagine brain functions..

they are algerian hahaha and they speak french very good

 

[Ceylal]

we raise moroccan flag from " oum el achar " to" Tinfouchy " ( tindouf region ) and we failed poor brain washed algerian

Really, piss full brain...nothing like that happened..You received a shallake n Béchar, Beni Ounif, Oujda...And the scars are still there...All you have to do is go to the border and you will see the sequel of the 63 Moroccan adventure..Before you start publishing made up stories for the dumbasses like you...travel to the border and know your country..it will give you a little bit more credibility on what you post...

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

Did you post some picture of your troops in central Africa, or Congo, when then they are not raping infants..

you cant compare what moroccan army is doing in africa​

with faggot army

 

[Ceylal]

if you just finish out a 7 years war don't attack others country.
​

they are algerian hahaha and they speak french very good

All the armies had French uniforms in that time..I’ll say 100% Moroccan..good try!

 

[Ceylal]

Tom Cooper
7 hrs
...with the Western Sahara Volume 1 going to the press, this week, it's time to ready the usual preview....

One of most fascinating things about writing books is that when starting a project, one can never know where is it going to lead: or at least I never start a book with intention of making specific statements and finding out specific things. I simply want to 'cover a topic'. The result in this case was really a 'powerful mind-trip', full of small surprises.

Indeed, out of original intention to 'cover the topic' of the war in Western Sahara of the 1970s and 1980s, the trip went all the way back to the early 20th Century.

Why? Because more than 100 years since the start of military flying in western Africa, there is still not a single book going in-depth into that story: there's still not a single book on such air forces like those of Morocco or Algeria - no matter in what language. Because all of that means there is 'more than enough' necessity to explain the backgrounds. And, while one might expect to 'find nothing in the wast expanses of the Sahara', there is actually a lot to find. Unsurprisingly, Albert and me became very curious to take a closer look at what was going on there before, say 1975. And what we've found was not only plentiful but particularly fascinating, too. So much so, what was originally intended to become one volume, grew into two of which this one is 'just describing the prequels'. But, let's tell the story in the usual, step-by-step - i.e. chapter-by-chapter - fashion.

Chapter 1: Geo-Political Backgrounds
This is the usual 'intro' to the story, introducing the reader to the history, geography, people and politics of the area in question. I know, there are many that find this 'surplus', and want to dive into aircraft, their camouflage and markings. But hey: how does one want to know what is an authentic colour or marking and what not - if not knowing who was there to supply these, or what was the motivation for the application of specific markings? Military forces and military conflicts do not happen in a vacuum: they are consequences of an entire system of circumstances. That's why it's important to know the backgrounds.

Chapter 2: European Colonization
This chapter tells the 'aviation story within the story', from its first days and first artillery observation balloons operated by the French in Casablanca of 1907, via Bleriot IXs (some flown by Vientamese pilots) of the French in early 1910s, via the French and Spanish application of air power during the Rif War of 1921-1927, all the way to the Ifni War of 1958-1959, and the independence of Morocco, Mauritania, and the Liberation War in Algeria. Why going to such extensions? Well, surely enough, everybody knows that the first aerial attack in the history of human kind was flown by Italians over the future Libya, in 1911. But, who can say where was the first aircraft ever shot down by ground fire? Who can say in what war was purposely designed aerial ordnance - see: aviation bombs - deployed in combat for the first time? Who can say that there were times when it was considered 'entirely impossible' to shot down an aircraft? Any ideas about the origins of the Spanish Civil War...? Well, this chapter tells all of the stories in question.

Chapter 3: Ifni War
This chapter continues in similar style: against the backdrop of de-colonialisation of the Morocco, it also tells the story of final combat ops of such legendary aircraft types like Messerschmitt Bf.109, Heinkel He-111, and Junkers Ju-52 (i.e. their Spanish-built variants). The Ifni War was a crucial moment in this process - though also one when the Sahrawis were betrayed for the first time, and that despite the fact that they have significantly contributed to the liberation of Morocco from the Spanish rule at the time the French were already on the best way out. Instead, hard on the heels of that conflict, the French and the Spaniards were left free to launch a large-scale operation that destroyed their insurgency, which in turn was then declared as 'Moroccan'.... sounds 'absurd'? Yes, it is. But, that's simply the way history often gets.

Chapter 4: Local Military Build-Up
By early 1960s, Morocco was independent, Mauritania followed, and Algeria was on the best way there. Certainly enough, time and again over the last 50-60 years, bits and pieces of the story of their military build-ups were told in diverse articles. However, this is the first book ever to detail their early years, the aircraft they flew, and crucial people. Hands up those who can say the Moroccans used to fly Hawker Furies? Have you ever heard of the aircraft type called SNCAC NC.702 Martinet? How about a single Airspeed AS.57 Ambassador, or Moroccan MiG-17s...? It's quite similar in regards of Mauritanians - and not to talk about Algerians. Indeed, the history of the Algerian Air Force is like a big white hole on diverse medieval maps: largely unknown even in Algeria, and entirely unknown outside the country. People love to discuss such topics like 'create your own air force', and to assemble 'fantastic air forces consisting of famed aircraft types'. But, hardly anybody knows what it takes in reality. Indeed, in the case of Algeria, 'general knowledge' is something like that the French withdrew in 1962, and then the 'Soviets dominated'. Sufficient to say: both is entirely wrong.

Chapter 5: Sand War
Hardly was Algeria independent when it found itself on a 'collision course' with Morocco, resulting in the so-called Sand War of 1963. This was a brief conflict, I'm sure many would quickly declare for 'low-intensity' one, too. Though, to me it appears it was very intensive: problem is to get details! And, to make things really sarcastic, I guess, both sides drove French-made AMX-13 light tanks on the ground, but flew MiGs in the air! Indeed, the - nominally - 'pro-West', and certainly 'royalist' Morocco was equipped with Soviet-made T-54 tanks, while - nominally - 'pro-Soviet' Algeria had no equivalents and used US-made DC-3s, DC-4s, DC-6s, and Caravelles to haul reinforcements to the frontline.

Chapter 6: Vibrant 1970s
The Sand War prompted the Algerians into launching a massive build-up of their air force in particular. Now, one might expect such a large, reasonably-well-populated country, rich on natural resources, to have it easy to do so. At least to buy plenty of aircraft. Indeed, this was the least of Algerian problems. But, training all the necessary personnel and developing the support infra-structure to maintain and operate all of these, and then deploying all of that so to cover the entire country... not to speak about training its airmen to think like airmen...that was a story that took three 'civilian-' and several 'military-' generations to complete. Albert and me have found this story of particular importance to tell, not only because of our fascination with military aircraft, but also because of its impacts - upon subsequent developments in Western Sahara, but also upon Algeria and its neighbors in general, and then until today.

On the other hand, the Moroccans went through their own experiences - and in the late 1960s and early 1970s, these were dominated by the military's meddling into politics, which culminated in (at least) two coup attempts. Both affairs are described in great detail, not only for their importance for the future development of the country, but also because of their importance for the subsequent Moroccan military intervention in Western Sahara.

Chapter 7: The Last Years of the Spanish Sahara
Through all of this time, Spanish Sahara remained a Spanish colony. At first, Madrid was almost keen to get rid of it: without known natural resources the territory was considered 'useless', and - apparently - nobody wanted to live there. However, discoveries of the 1960s, and the resulting urbanization led to an indisputable emergence of a new nation, parts of which wanted to live free of the Spanish rule. Oppression of activists misfired, and a small-scale insurgency emerged. That's why the final chapter of this volume is providing a detailed coverage of an ever more intensive involvement of the Spanish air force and its experiences in COIN warfare.

This volume is richly illustrated, and likely to become the 'most colourful' issued in all four @war series this year: indeed, it was kind of hard to select photos of all the 'aviation-related important moments', aircraft types, and people. Hope, the readers are going to find that selection interesting, perhaps even inspiring. Mind: by all the topics we've covered, I'm sure we've still 'barely scratched the surface': this is rather an 'introduction to the topic', and there is so much more left to research, write, and report about all of the conflicts in question.

For me, the work on the Volume 33 in the Africa@War series was something I wanted to do since nearly 30 years. And it resulted in a particularly fascinating 'mind-trip': I cannot but offer my most sincere thanks to everybody who helped make this volume this good. Thus, I'm very much looking forward to continue and then conclude the work on the Volume 2. Heaven only knows what kind of 'adventures' are expecting us 'there'

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

All the armies had French uniforms in that time..I’ll say 100% Moroccan..good try!

moroccan in anp hahaha what a stupid idiot

too much algerian prisoners

​

 

[Ceylal]

@ doublefuck...you must be really stupid to think that they are Algérien prisoners...

 

[DOUBLESHOT]

@ doublefuck...you must be really stupid to think that they are Algérien prisoners...

@Ceylal ...​

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