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Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force - Aviation Wing
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force aviation maintains a large naval air force, including 191 fixed-wing aircraft and 148 helicopters. Most of these aircraft are used in anti-submarine warfare operations.
Lockheed P-3 Orion (87 in service)
Kawasaki P-1
The Kawasaki P-1 (previously P-X, XP-1) is a Japanese military aircraft currently under development and intended as a replacement for the P-3C maritime patrol aircraft operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. The JMSDF took delivery of the first two operational P-1 aircraft on 26 March 2013
With its P-3C aircraft having been in service for twenty years, the JMSDF began to look for a replacement maritime patrol aircraft. Lockheed and the United States had been working on the Lockheed P-7 to replace its own P-3s, but the program had been cancelled. Since other similar aircraft (such as the Nimrod) did not meet the JMSDF's requirements, they decided to develop their own aircraft.
The project was intended to share many design components with the Kawasaki C-2, another local design intended to replace the C-1 and C-130H cargo aircraft. However, due to the very different roles of the two aircraft, only minimal similarities have been achieved. The merit rather lies in the sharing of development resources, allowing a large reduction in development costs. Total development costs included C-X are 345 billion Yen ($3 billion) at 2007.
Design
Like the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, S-3 Viking and P-8 Poseidon, the P-1 is a jet-powered design. The XP-1 is powered by four IHI F7-10 turbofan engines mounted under the low-set wings.
The P-X and C-X designs were originally independent, but it was later decided to make certain components common to both designs.[3] Common components shared with the C-X are cockpit windows, outer wing, and horizontal stabilizer. Other internal shared parts include auxiliary power unit, cockpit panel, flight control system computer, anti collision light, and gear control unit. Development costs decreased by about 25 billion yen (US$218 million) due to shared components.[citation needed] Unit costs and operational costs are expected to be lower thanks to this initiative.
The P-1 will also have an artificial intelligence (AI) system to assist TACCO operation. Similar to the SH-60K, an advanced combat direction system able to show the TACCO operator the best flight course to attack a submarine will also be on board.
Fly-by-light will be an important feature, decreasing electro-magnetic disturbances to the sensors compared to fly-by-wire. The P-1 will be the first production aircraft to be equipped with such a flight control system.
Sensors on the P-1, such as Toshiba HPS-106 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), magnetic anomaly detector (MAD), and Infrared/Light detection systems, will be used to detect submarines and small vessels. The aircraft will share operational capabilities with the P-8, with some sensors being the same (i.e. CAE-designed MAD system).
The P-1 will have a bomb bay for anti-submarine weapons, as well as eight external pylons to carry ASMs or bombs.
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force aviation maintains a large naval air force, including 191 fixed-wing aircraft and 148 helicopters. Most of these aircraft are used in anti-submarine warfare operations.
Lockheed P-3 Orion (87 in service)
Kawasaki P-1
The Kawasaki P-1 (previously P-X, XP-1) is a Japanese military aircraft currently under development and intended as a replacement for the P-3C maritime patrol aircraft operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. The JMSDF took delivery of the first two operational P-1 aircraft on 26 March 2013
With its P-3C aircraft having been in service for twenty years, the JMSDF began to look for a replacement maritime patrol aircraft. Lockheed and the United States had been working on the Lockheed P-7 to replace its own P-3s, but the program had been cancelled. Since other similar aircraft (such as the Nimrod) did not meet the JMSDF's requirements, they decided to develop their own aircraft.
The project was intended to share many design components with the Kawasaki C-2, another local design intended to replace the C-1 and C-130H cargo aircraft. However, due to the very different roles of the two aircraft, only minimal similarities have been achieved. The merit rather lies in the sharing of development resources, allowing a large reduction in development costs. Total development costs included C-X are 345 billion Yen ($3 billion) at 2007.
Design
Like the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, S-3 Viking and P-8 Poseidon, the P-1 is a jet-powered design. The XP-1 is powered by four IHI F7-10 turbofan engines mounted under the low-set wings.
The P-X and C-X designs were originally independent, but it was later decided to make certain components common to both designs.[3] Common components shared with the C-X are cockpit windows, outer wing, and horizontal stabilizer. Other internal shared parts include auxiliary power unit, cockpit panel, flight control system computer, anti collision light, and gear control unit. Development costs decreased by about 25 billion yen (US$218 million) due to shared components.[citation needed] Unit costs and operational costs are expected to be lower thanks to this initiative.
The P-1 will also have an artificial intelligence (AI) system to assist TACCO operation. Similar to the SH-60K, an advanced combat direction system able to show the TACCO operator the best flight course to attack a submarine will also be on board.
Fly-by-light will be an important feature, decreasing electro-magnetic disturbances to the sensors compared to fly-by-wire. The P-1 will be the first production aircraft to be equipped with such a flight control system.
Sensors on the P-1, such as Toshiba HPS-106 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), magnetic anomaly detector (MAD), and Infrared/Light detection systems, will be used to detect submarines and small vessels. The aircraft will share operational capabilities with the P-8, with some sensors being the same (i.e. CAE-designed MAD system).
The P-1 will have a bomb bay for anti-submarine weapons, as well as eight external pylons to carry ASMs or bombs.
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Mitsubishi H-60
The Mitsubishi H-60 series is twin-turboshaft engine helicopter based on the Sikorsky S-70 helicopter family for use by the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF). The SH-60J/K are anti-submarine patrol version for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)
The SH-60J is built in Japan under license from Sikorsky. It began deliveries in August 1991 and entered service thereafter. Based on a concept of the JMSDF, HQS-103 Dipping Sonar, HPS-104 active electronically scanned array Search Radar, and HLR-108 ESM System equipment of the avionics of SH-60B be different. The engine is the GE/IHI T700-IHI-701C turboshaft, which Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries produced under license. It is a hybrid of SH-60B and SH-60F, except for avionics. The crew includes a pilot, copilot and sensor operator. The copilot can concentrate on the role of Tactical Coordinator with the help of the Automatic Flight Management System and Inertial Navigation system.Over 100 SH-60Js have been produced by 2007.
The Mitsubishi H-60 series is twin-turboshaft engine helicopter based on the Sikorsky S-70 helicopter family for use by the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF). The SH-60J/K are anti-submarine patrol version for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)
The SH-60J is built in Japan under license from Sikorsky. It began deliveries in August 1991 and entered service thereafter. Based on a concept of the JMSDF, HQS-103 Dipping Sonar, HPS-104 active electronically scanned array Search Radar, and HLR-108 ESM System equipment of the avionics of SH-60B be different. The engine is the GE/IHI T700-IHI-701C turboshaft, which Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries produced under license. It is a hybrid of SH-60B and SH-60F, except for avionics. The crew includes a pilot, copilot and sensor operator. The copilot can concentrate on the role of Tactical Coordinator with the help of the Automatic Flight Management System and Inertial Navigation system.Over 100 SH-60Js have been produced by 2007.
A Japanese warship is to take part in a multinational exercise in the South China Sea for the first time, but officials in Tokyo insist the Kunisaki's involvement is purely in a disaster-relief capacity.
The Maritime Self-Defence Force (MSDF) ship left the US Navy's Yokosuka Base, southwest of Tokyo, yesterday.
The Kunisaki is due to arrive in Vietnam next Friday for 11 days of exercises.
The ship will be used to transport as many as 140 US and Australian troops that are also taking part in the Pacific Partnership drills, which were first held in 2007 and are led by the US.
It is the largest number of foreign troops that an MSDF vessel has transported as part of the annual exercises.
The 9,000-tonne Kunisaki is officially categorised as a tank landing ship.
"Our participation is based on a peacekeeping and international disaster-relief scenario," a spokesman for Japan's Ministry of Defence said. "It is not a military exercise. The aim is to enhance our capabilities in providing medical care and transportation facilities."
After taking part in the drills off Vietnam, the Kunisaki will go on to Cambodia for nine days from June 19 and the Philippines from July 4 to 15.
The joint exercises are ostensibly disaster-relief drills, but it will not have gone unnoticed in the region that they bring together several nations locked in territorial disputes with China.
"This will be taking place in a region that is very sensitive at the moment," said Masayuki Masuda, a China expert at Japan's National Institute of Defence Studies.
"But the feeling is that China cannot express any opposition because these vessels are practicing the provision of humanitarian assistance in the event of a natural disaster or some other form of crisis.
"While this is not a traditional war-based scenario, it does also serve to make clear the multinational support that exists in the region and our efforts to ensure regional security."
Japanese warship to join exercise in South China Sea | South China Morning Post
A little more information about the JDS Kunisaki:
Kunisaki is a Ōsumi class LST of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The ship was built by Hitachi, Maizuru and commissioned into service on 26 February 2003.
The Ōsumi class LST (おおすみ型輸送艦), is a Japanese amphibious transport dock. The class is also known as the Oosumi class. While the JMSDF describes the Ōsumi class as tank landing ships, they lack the bow doors and beaching capability traditionally associated with LSTs. Functionally, their well deck makes the Ōsumi class more like a dock landing ship (LSD)
The Maritime Self-Defence Force (MSDF) ship left the US Navy's Yokosuka Base, southwest of Tokyo, yesterday.
The Kunisaki is due to arrive in Vietnam next Friday for 11 days of exercises.
The ship will be used to transport as many as 140 US and Australian troops that are also taking part in the Pacific Partnership drills, which were first held in 2007 and are led by the US.
It is the largest number of foreign troops that an MSDF vessel has transported as part of the annual exercises.
The 9,000-tonne Kunisaki is officially categorised as a tank landing ship.
"Our participation is based on a peacekeeping and international disaster-relief scenario," a spokesman for Japan's Ministry of Defence said. "It is not a military exercise. The aim is to enhance our capabilities in providing medical care and transportation facilities."
After taking part in the drills off Vietnam, the Kunisaki will go on to Cambodia for nine days from June 19 and the Philippines from July 4 to 15.
The joint exercises are ostensibly disaster-relief drills, but it will not have gone unnoticed in the region that they bring together several nations locked in territorial disputes with China.
"This will be taking place in a region that is very sensitive at the moment," said Masayuki Masuda, a China expert at Japan's National Institute of Defence Studies.
"But the feeling is that China cannot express any opposition because these vessels are practicing the provision of humanitarian assistance in the event of a natural disaster or some other form of crisis.
"While this is not a traditional war-based scenario, it does also serve to make clear the multinational support that exists in the region and our efforts to ensure regional security."
Japanese warship to join exercise in South China Sea | South China Morning Post
A little more information about the JDS Kunisaki:
Kunisaki is a Ōsumi class LST of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The ship was built by Hitachi, Maizuru and commissioned into service on 26 February 2003.
The Ōsumi class LST (おおすみ型輸送艦), is a Japanese amphibious transport dock. The class is also known as the Oosumi class. While the JMSDF describes the Ōsumi class as tank landing ships, they lack the bow doors and beaching capability traditionally associated with LSTs. Functionally, their well deck makes the Ōsumi class more like a dock landing ship (LSD)
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Ōsumi class
The Ōsumi class LST (おおすみ型輸送艦), is a Japanese amphibious transport dock. The class is also known as the Oosumi class. While the JMSDF describes the Ōsumi class as tank landing ships, they lack the bow doors and beaching capability traditionally associated with LSTs. Functionally, their well deck makes the Ōsumi class more like a dock landing ship (LSD).
As of 2014 there are 3 Ōsumi vessels active with the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force.
Globalsecurity.org noted in its report on the Ōsumi class that "the program originated in a proposal for a small carrier for defensive and mine countermeasures (MCM) purposes, but this was deemed politically unacceptable, and the project was reworked as an amphibious ship" (actually a “Maritime Operational Transport", see below). Later the JMSDF returned to the idea with helicopter carriers with the larger Hyūga class.
The Ōsumi class increases its carrying capacity with a flat-top open air upper vehicle parking deck, it has an elevated island superstructure offset to starboard giving the appearance of a small aircraft carrier though the helicopter flight deck only comprises the stern of the ship. Small deck elevators accessing the enclosed lower parking deck are for vehicles rather than helicopters, the lower vehicle deck has access to the well deck.
In January 2014, The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) has confirmed reports that it will perform a major refit on the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's (JMSDF's) Osumi-class tank landing ships (LST) to embark MV-22 Ospreys, and Assault Amphibious Vehicles (AAV7s) to improve their amphibious capabilities. The MoD allocated JPY20 million (USD190,000) in its fiscal year 2014 budget to conduct research on the refit.
The Ōsumi class LST (おおすみ型輸送艦), is a Japanese amphibious transport dock. The class is also known as the Oosumi class. While the JMSDF describes the Ōsumi class as tank landing ships, they lack the bow doors and beaching capability traditionally associated with LSTs. Functionally, their well deck makes the Ōsumi class more like a dock landing ship (LSD).
As of 2014 there are 3 Ōsumi vessels active with the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force.
Globalsecurity.org noted in its report on the Ōsumi class that "the program originated in a proposal for a small carrier for defensive and mine countermeasures (MCM) purposes, but this was deemed politically unacceptable, and the project was reworked as an amphibious ship" (actually a “Maritime Operational Transport", see below). Later the JMSDF returned to the idea with helicopter carriers with the larger Hyūga class.
The Ōsumi class increases its carrying capacity with a flat-top open air upper vehicle parking deck, it has an elevated island superstructure offset to starboard giving the appearance of a small aircraft carrier though the helicopter flight deck only comprises the stern of the ship. Small deck elevators accessing the enclosed lower parking deck are for vehicles rather than helicopters, the lower vehicle deck has access to the well deck.
In January 2014, The Japanese Ministry of Defence (MoD) has confirmed reports that it will perform a major refit on the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's (JMSDF's) Osumi-class tank landing ships (LST) to embark MV-22 Ospreys, and Assault Amphibious Vehicles (AAV7s) to improve their amphibious capabilities. The MoD allocated JPY20 million (USD190,000) in its fiscal year 2014 budget to conduct research on the refit.
Its prime importance is to develop interoperability between Japanese maritime forces and with our American, and Australian partners in the Asia-Pacific-Oceania areas of interest.
in future exercises, naval vessels from the Philippines and Vietnam could participate in this hypothetical humanitarian-based mission.
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Bastion-P
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If the past, Vietnam was reluctant to participate in military exercises as we didn't want China to think that we would ally with any third party to fight them. Although the principle of non-alliance is still there, things started to change from now on when our interest is violated by the aggressive China, an irresponsible super power. We are open to counter-measures to stop China's bullying.
These exercises will help participating powers to develop interoperability with each other. It develops communication and establishes SOP for contingencies. It doesn't necessarily have to be about neutralizing a particular power, it allows participants develop SOP for major humanitarian calamities / disaster relief operations.
The Type 90 tank (90式戦車 Kyū-maru-shiki-sensha) is the main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) as of 2014. It was designed and built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as a replacement for all deployed Type 61 and Type 74 tanks, and entered service in 1990. It is to be superseded by the Type 10 tank.
Armament
The Type 90 mounts a licensed copy of the German Rheinmetall L44 120 mm smoothbore cannon product by Japan Steel Works Limited. This is the same gun that is mounted on the German Leopard 2, American Abrams, and the South Korean K1A1 tanks. Before Rheinmetall's gun was selected, Japan has successfully produced a domestic version of the 120 mm smoothbore for testing, but the lower cost of the Rheinmetall's gave it an advantage over the domestic version.
Since its introduction, there have been several upgrades to the fire-control system including the addition of a Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet laser rangefinder with a range of 300 to 5,000 meters, a 32-bit ballistics analysis computer, an improved thermal imaging systems and Automated-tracking systems as well as improved gun stabilization. The FCS also has an automated tracking systems and is capable of engaging moving or stationary targets while moving at day and night. The automatic target tracking system uses a thermal image display which can be controlled by either the tank gunner or commander. It is capable of tracking soldiers, vehicles and helicopters. The targeting computer can also calculate lead on moving targets.
The commander's sight consists of a 3× / 10× (day-only sight). The sight can track vertically from −29 to +29 degrees, as well as track horizontally through 180 degrees. The gunners sight has a 10 x zoom.
The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader (conveyor-belt type), developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. The Type 90 tank is unusual in that it like the autoloader Soviet main battle tanks, the Leclerc and Strv 103 achieve manpower savings by reducing the crew to three through the development of the bustle autoloader.This design allows the tank crew to operate without a loader, which allows the use of a smaller turret. The autoloading can reload in around two seconds, and the practical auto-loading and firing cycle for one target will be around 4–6 seconds.
Mounted in front of the gunner's hatch on the turret is the ubiquitous Browning M2 machine gun, manufactured under license by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, part of the Sumitomo Group. In addition to the .50-caliber machine gun is a Japanese-built 7.62 mm machine gun mounted coaxially to the left of the main gun.
Armor
The profile of the Type 90 is similar to the original German Leopard 2 without the sloped armor, (Leopard 2 to 2A4) but unlike the Leopard 2, the Type 90 uses modular ceramic and steel composite armor, common in contemporary post-1990s tank designs. The adoption of modular composite armor design facilitates the upgrading and exchange of the armor, and its frontal armor is tested to be effective against JM-33 120 mm APFSDS projectiles from the L44 gun, while the side armor of the turret is capable of defeating up to 35 mm APDS (Armor penetration of 90 millimeters of RHA at one kilometer) projectiles.
The Type 90 is smaller than most main battle tanks with a height of 2.33 meters, a width of 3.33 meters, and weighing in at 50.2 tonnes. It was designed with a distinctive low-slung turret with boxy, vertical sides and a long overhanging bustle. In comparison, the Leopard 2A4's dimensions are 2.48 meters high and 3.70 meters with a weight of 55.2 tonnes.
Mobility
The powerpack of the Type 90 tank has the Mitsubishi 10ZG32WT 10-cylinder two-stroke cycle diesel engine providing 1500 hp, coupled with Mitsubishi MT1500 automatic transmission with four forward and two reverse gears, manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (designated 10ZG32WT, MT1500). The development of the 10ZG32WT prototype was started in 1972 and was finished in 1982. It can attain a top output of 1,120 kW (1,500 horsepower).
The hydropneumatic suspension units are mounted on the front and rear pair of road wheels, which can be adjusted on-the-fly to deal with uneven terrain, a requirement on Japan's rough, mountainous terrain.
According to the Japanese Ministry of Defense official data report, the acceleration of the type is 0–200 m in 20 seconds.
Armament
The Type 90 mounts a licensed copy of the German Rheinmetall L44 120 mm smoothbore cannon product by Japan Steel Works Limited. This is the same gun that is mounted on the German Leopard 2, American Abrams, and the South Korean K1A1 tanks. Before Rheinmetall's gun was selected, Japan has successfully produced a domestic version of the 120 mm smoothbore for testing, but the lower cost of the Rheinmetall's gave it an advantage over the domestic version.
Since its introduction, there have been several upgrades to the fire-control system including the addition of a Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet laser rangefinder with a range of 300 to 5,000 meters, a 32-bit ballistics analysis computer, an improved thermal imaging systems and Automated-tracking systems as well as improved gun stabilization. The FCS also has an automated tracking systems and is capable of engaging moving or stationary targets while moving at day and night. The automatic target tracking system uses a thermal image display which can be controlled by either the tank gunner or commander. It is capable of tracking soldiers, vehicles and helicopters. The targeting computer can also calculate lead on moving targets.
The commander's sight consists of a 3× / 10× (day-only sight). The sight can track vertically from −29 to +29 degrees, as well as track horizontally through 180 degrees. The gunners sight has a 10 x zoom.
The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader (conveyor-belt type), developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. The Type 90 tank is unusual in that it like the autoloader Soviet main battle tanks, the Leclerc and Strv 103 achieve manpower savings by reducing the crew to three through the development of the bustle autoloader.This design allows the tank crew to operate without a loader, which allows the use of a smaller turret. The autoloading can reload in around two seconds, and the practical auto-loading and firing cycle for one target will be around 4–6 seconds.
Mounted in front of the gunner's hatch on the turret is the ubiquitous Browning M2 machine gun, manufactured under license by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, part of the Sumitomo Group. In addition to the .50-caliber machine gun is a Japanese-built 7.62 mm machine gun mounted coaxially to the left of the main gun.
Armor
The profile of the Type 90 is similar to the original German Leopard 2 without the sloped armor, (Leopard 2 to 2A4) but unlike the Leopard 2, the Type 90 uses modular ceramic and steel composite armor, common in contemporary post-1990s tank designs. The adoption of modular composite armor design facilitates the upgrading and exchange of the armor, and its frontal armor is tested to be effective against JM-33 120 mm APFSDS projectiles from the L44 gun, while the side armor of the turret is capable of defeating up to 35 mm APDS (Armor penetration of 90 millimeters of RHA at one kilometer) projectiles.
The Type 90 is smaller than most main battle tanks with a height of 2.33 meters, a width of 3.33 meters, and weighing in at 50.2 tonnes. It was designed with a distinctive low-slung turret with boxy, vertical sides and a long overhanging bustle. In comparison, the Leopard 2A4's dimensions are 2.48 meters high and 3.70 meters with a weight of 55.2 tonnes.
Mobility
The powerpack of the Type 90 tank has the Mitsubishi 10ZG32WT 10-cylinder two-stroke cycle diesel engine providing 1500 hp, coupled with Mitsubishi MT1500 automatic transmission with four forward and two reverse gears, manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (designated 10ZG32WT, MT1500). The development of the 10ZG32WT prototype was started in 1972 and was finished in 1982. It can attain a top output of 1,120 kW (1,500 horsepower).
The hydropneumatic suspension units are mounted on the front and rear pair of road wheels, which can be adjusted on-the-fly to deal with uneven terrain, a requirement on Japan's rough, mountainous terrain.
According to the Japanese Ministry of Defense official data report, the acceleration of the type is 0–200 m in 20 seconds.
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Bastion-P
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I didn't mean neutralizing any power for this drill. Just meant we are now more open to opportunities of military exercises.
Thanks for the clarification. And yes, its important to diversify @Bastion-P . Vietnam is a developing and rapidly growing regional power with a population that will soon hit 100 million. I really believe it will serve Vietnam's national interest to further develop relations and cooperation with not other great powers. It is evident that Vietnam has a strong relationship with the Russian Federation, but its always good to diversify your partnerships.
Soryu
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This is type-10
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