The treaties don't matter when you are dealing with a responsible nation.
Unfortunately I'll have to differ with you on that. Treaties are binding international agreements between states, and signatories thereto are obliged to comply with the stipulations therein contained by virtue of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Convention expressly declares the contingencies when certain treaties may be departed from without falling foul of the Convention itself, such as in the case or oral treaties, but I can assure you that in the case of the NPT, the Convention holds full force.
Having said that, the NPT itself is not void of error, a loophole if you must. Article III(2) of the NPT prohibits Member States, which Australia is, from undertaking to provide fissile material or processing know-how and equipment to any
non-nuclear weapon State. Fortunately for India and Pakistan, they are not non-nuclear weapon States and, therefore, beyond the scope of the article itself.
Article III(2):
"
Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to provide: (a) source or special fissionable material, or (b) equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material, to any non-nuclear-weapon State for peaceful purposes, unless the source or special fissionable material shall be subject to the safeguards required by this Article."
This loophole, possibly intentional, allows nuclear-weapon States the comfort to slip through the Treaty and engage in the free exchange of nuclear equipment for peaceful purposes. As a matter of fact, Article III(2) is contingent upon Article III(3) which provides that
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The safeguards required by this Article shall be implemented in a manner designed to comply with Article IV of this Treaty, and to avoid hampering the economic or technological development of the Parties or international co-operation in the field of peaceful nuclear activities, including the international exchange of nuclear material and equipment for the processing, use or production of nuclear material for peaceful purposes i
n accordance with the provisions of this Article and the principle of safeguarding set forth in the Preamble of the Treaty."
Here's where the hypocrisy lies. The Preamble declares that the Member States,
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Desiring to further the easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States in order
to facilitate the cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons,
the liquidation of all their existing stockpiles,
and the elimination from national arsenals of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery pursuant to a Treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control;" hereby agree and so on so forth.
The very purpose of the Treaty is to facilitate an end to nuclear weapons and there are express provisions which bar non-nuclear weapon States from attempting to pursue the research and development of a nuclear device. In light of the absolute ban on the non-nuclear weapon States, even the exchange of nuclear know-how between nuclear-weapon States has also been subjected to a an implied consensus that all nuclear-weapon States will attempt to cease the manufacture of additional nuclear weapons and work towards the complete depletion or liquidation of their stockpile.
Pakistan is denied international nuclear assistance for this very reason - that it is hell-bent on increasing it's nuclear stockpile. India and North Korea also fall in this isolated community of nuclear States who have aspirations to treble their stockpile in order to enhance their global clout.
As is evident from the foregoing, India, despite not having acceded to the NPT, the CTBT or even conforming with the underlying purpose of the treaties has been provided access to international nuclear know-how, perhaps because it enjoys a cushy position with America but largely because as @
Abingdonboy stated, of the immense nuclear market waiting to be tapped inside India.
Few developing countries have the money and resources which India has and to the glee of the Indians the international community is ready to do whatever it must to siphon off some of the wealth to help boost their own ailing economies, even if that means criminal discrimination in the enforcement of their global policies. It's unfortunate, but it's true.