Gubbi I'd like to hear what you think about these two points affecting the talks.
By the beginning of 1960s, India already had two wars. The First Kashmir conflict being precipitated by Pakistani military incursions into what was then an independent princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and then again in 1961 with the liberation of Goa.
J&K was a problem. The Maharaja had signed the instrument of accession giving India control over whole of J&K. Ground realities were different - with Pakistan controlling 1/3rd of the state and the matter being discussed in UN. I think India was more concerned with consolidating borders with Pakistan, considering the painful and horrific partition of 1947.
Secondly, with Nehru's NAM, the thinking was that no-one would attack us (Pakistan being an exception). Added to this was the "Hindi-Chini bahi-bhai" slogan. But as Joe had mentioned somewhere, IIRC, Nehru's forward policy precipitated the conflict of 1962. I do not understand the logic of that policy.
I guess it had to do with the limited success of stopping Pakistan occupying Kashmir totally and the surprising military success of Goa's liberation. I think, the authorities were basking in the glory of military successes and thought a repeat performance was possible.
But then again, they surely were not so naive that they thought a war with China would be as easy as that one with Portugal. Goa was a cake walk, with Portugal not being able to do anything. Probably there was something else in their mindset which I hope Joe would better explain.
As for lack of foresight in seeing India's rise, I believe it had to do with this NAM movement. Nehru had the foresight to establish excellent centers of education - IITs and Public Sector units which formed the backbone of Indian economy along with agriculture. However with socialist policies, and this NAM, the governments of the time didnt envision the changes that would be thrust upon India leading to its opening up the economy in early 1990s. This new found economic might resulted in a more powerful military and an increasing number of audience who paid attention to what India had to say.
In my personal opinion this obstacle still exists.
Maybe. But the fact that diplomats are actively engaging the Chinese moves suggests that this obstacle is being slowly done away with. The then socialist mindset of Indian diplomats is now being replaced with the 'western' capitalist mindset. I wouldnt be surprised if Indian diplomats manage to wring out concessions from the Chinese in the near future.
The Hawks don't all come out of the PLA. Refer to post #256
http://www.defence.pk/forums/1449983-post256.html
Agreed. But unlike many other countries', you rarely hear the voice of a junior Indian General. Almost all statements are made by the Chief and that too approved by his/her civilian superiors. Ultimately there is thorough civilian control over the armed forces.
Unfortunately I think it doesn't matter who is in charge, the window on the Chinese side is closing, not least because the new more politically conscious middle class is unlikely to allow the government to give away land, they see as Chinese land. The major concessions made to the other 9 bordering countries during the early days of the Republic were possible because the Chinese people were not as politically minded (the way we think about politics).
How much does China's middle class have a say in Govt policies? Even if they are politically aware?