No. You'd be called a "digital" Indian.
India has, without question, made the largest tech breakthrough of any nation in living memory
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No. You'd be called a "digital" Indian.
randomradio
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You will ruin the thread if you engage trolls.
randomradio
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http://www.information-age.com/internet-things-will-turn-hadoop-architectures-their-head-123458445/
The Internet of Things is the concept of an ubiquitous network of devices to facilitate communication between the devices themselves as well as between the devices and humans.
Use cases can be grouped along the scope of an application: ‘personal IoT’ (with the focus on a single person), ‘group IoT’ (setting the scope on a small group of people), ‘community IoT’ (usually in the context of public infrastructure, such as smart cities), and the ‘industrial IoT’ (dealing with apps either within an organisation or between organisations).
Processing data that IoT devices generate lends itself to the big data approach, which means using scale-out techniques on commodity hardware – in a schema-on-read fashion along with open interfaces, such as the Apache Spark API.
In order to develop a full-blown IoT application, businesses need to be able to store all the incoming sensor data to build up historical references. Then, there are dozens of data formats in use in the IoT world, and none of the sensor data is relational per se. Many devices generate data at a high rate, which businesses cope with in an IoT context.
There are a number of common requirements for an IoT data processing platform.
Firstly, the platform should be able to natively deal with IoT data, both in terms of data ingestion and processing.
Second is support for a variety of workload types. IoT applications usually require that the platform supports stream processing from the get-go, as well as is capable of dealing with low-latency queries against semi-structured data items, at scale.
Third is business continuity. Commercial IoT applications usually come with SLAs in terms of uptime, latency and disaster recovery metrics. The platform should hence be able to guarantee those SLAs innately. This is especially critical in the context of IoT applications in domains such as health care, where people’s lives are at stake.
Finally, the platform must ensure a secure operation, which currently is considered to be challenging in an end-to-end manner. And the privacy of users must be warranted by the platform – from data provenance support over data encryption to masking of the data.
Having discussed general requirements for an IoT data processing platform in terms of workloads and operational aspects, it is also important to focus on the insight that every entity in the IoT will be uniquely identifiable and addressable.
This observation is likely more obvious for the participating devices than for, say, humans possessing or operating said devices.
Further, an essential functionality of an IoT data processing platform is authentication – that is, the process of confirming the identity claimed by a participating entity.
A concrete example of a large-scale, real-world deployment of an IoT system that provides authentication of human users based on biometric information is the Aadhaar project.
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is assigned with the task to provide a unique identifier for every of India’s 1.2 billion residents, through the Aadhaar project.
The underlying idea is to enable residents who did not have any sort of formal identification means to participate in the daily commercial business, such as opening a bank account.
Additionally, the system reduces the embezzlement of government subsidies by as much as $1.3 billion, mainly caused by fraudulent claims.
In a nutshell, Aadhaar is a biometric database, covering iris scans, digital fingerprints, a digital photo, and demographic data per resident, on an opt-in basis. Introduced in 2010, close to 500 million residents are registered with it.
Several measures to ensure the security of resident data have been taken – from the time it is captured all the way to how it is stored.
Usage of 2048-bit PKI encryption and tamper detection using HMAC ensures no one can decrypt and misuse the data, and resident data and raw biometrics are always kept encrypted.
The Aadhaar system performs routinely as many as 4.73 million authentications per minute. These authentication requests come with a latency SLA of 200 milliseconds or less over the potentially more than 1 billion residents.
It’s fair to assume that comparable requirements in terms of scale and latency will be found increasingly in IoT applications, especially ones with a large number of participating entities (humans and devices alike).
To conclude, a data-processing platform must meet a basic set of high-level requirements in order to be fit for the torrent of data from IoT devices. The Aadhaar project demonstrates it is feasible to successfully roll out IoT applications at scale.
The Internet of Things is the concept of an ubiquitous network of devices to facilitate communication between the devices themselves as well as between the devices and humans.
Use cases can be grouped along the scope of an application: ‘personal IoT’ (with the focus on a single person), ‘group IoT’ (setting the scope on a small group of people), ‘community IoT’ (usually in the context of public infrastructure, such as smart cities), and the ‘industrial IoT’ (dealing with apps either within an organisation or between organisations).
Processing data that IoT devices generate lends itself to the big data approach, which means using scale-out techniques on commodity hardware – in a schema-on-read fashion along with open interfaces, such as the Apache Spark API.
In order to develop a full-blown IoT application, businesses need to be able to store all the incoming sensor data to build up historical references. Then, there are dozens of data formats in use in the IoT world, and none of the sensor data is relational per se. Many devices generate data at a high rate, which businesses cope with in an IoT context.
There are a number of common requirements for an IoT data processing platform.
Firstly, the platform should be able to natively deal with IoT data, both in terms of data ingestion and processing.
Second is support for a variety of workload types. IoT applications usually require that the platform supports stream processing from the get-go, as well as is capable of dealing with low-latency queries against semi-structured data items, at scale.
Third is business continuity. Commercial IoT applications usually come with SLAs in terms of uptime, latency and disaster recovery metrics. The platform should hence be able to guarantee those SLAs innately. This is especially critical in the context of IoT applications in domains such as health care, where people’s lives are at stake.
Finally, the platform must ensure a secure operation, which currently is considered to be challenging in an end-to-end manner. And the privacy of users must be warranted by the platform – from data provenance support over data encryption to masking of the data.
Having discussed general requirements for an IoT data processing platform in terms of workloads and operational aspects, it is also important to focus on the insight that every entity in the IoT will be uniquely identifiable and addressable.
This observation is likely more obvious for the participating devices than for, say, humans possessing or operating said devices.
Further, an essential functionality of an IoT data processing platform is authentication – that is, the process of confirming the identity claimed by a participating entity.
A concrete example of a large-scale, real-world deployment of an IoT system that provides authentication of human users based on biometric information is the Aadhaar project.
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is assigned with the task to provide a unique identifier for every of India’s 1.2 billion residents, through the Aadhaar project.
The underlying idea is to enable residents who did not have any sort of formal identification means to participate in the daily commercial business, such as opening a bank account.
Additionally, the system reduces the embezzlement of government subsidies by as much as $1.3 billion, mainly caused by fraudulent claims.
In a nutshell, Aadhaar is a biometric database, covering iris scans, digital fingerprints, a digital photo, and demographic data per resident, on an opt-in basis. Introduced in 2010, close to 500 million residents are registered with it.
Several measures to ensure the security of resident data have been taken – from the time it is captured all the way to how it is stored.
Usage of 2048-bit PKI encryption and tamper detection using HMAC ensures no one can decrypt and misuse the data, and resident data and raw biometrics are always kept encrypted.
The Aadhaar system performs routinely as many as 4.73 million authentications per minute. These authentication requests come with a latency SLA of 200 milliseconds or less over the potentially more than 1 billion residents.
It’s fair to assume that comparable requirements in terms of scale and latency will be found increasingly in IoT applications, especially ones with a large number of participating entities (humans and devices alike).
To conclude, a data-processing platform must meet a basic set of high-level requirements in order to be fit for the torrent of data from IoT devices. The Aadhaar project demonstrates it is feasible to successfully roll out IoT applications at scale.
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https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnma...st-investment-opportunity-now/2/#69651b5135a8
Companies that create massively outsized technological breakthroughs tend to capture the investing population’s attention and thus their share prices trade at huge multiples, as future growth and future revenues are extrapolated into the future.
From time to time, entire countries re-model their economies and shift their growth trajectory. The most recent example was the liberalisation of China’s economy and massive spending on infrastructure, which together created an incredibly powerful force for growth over the last two decades.
But it is very rare indeed that a country develops an outsized technological infrastructure breakthrough that leaves the rest of the world far behind.
But exactly this has just happened in India... and no one noticed.
India has, without question, made the largest technological breakthrough of any nation in living memory.
Its technological advancement has even left Silicon Valley standing. India has built the world’s first national digital infrastructure, leaping at least two generations of financial technologies and has built something as important as the railroad was to the UK or the interstate highways were to the U.S.
India is now the most attractive major investment opportunity in the world.
It’s all about something called Aadhaar and a breathtakingly ambitious plan with flawless execution.
What just blows my mind is how few people have even noticed it. To be honest, writing the article last month was the first time I learned about any of the developments. I think this is the biggest emerging market macro story in the world.
Phase 1 – The Aadhaar Act
India, pre-2009, had a massive problem for a developing economy: nearly half of its people did not have any form of identification. If you were born outside of a hospital or without any government services, which is common in India, you don’t get a birth certificate. Without a birth certificate, you can’t get the basic infrastructure of modern life: a bank account, driving license, insurance or a loan. You operate outside the official sector and the opportunities available to others are not available to you. It almost guarantees a perpetuation of poverty and it also guarantees a low tax take for India, thus it holds Indian growth back too.
Normally, a country such as India would solve this problem by making a large push to register more births or send bureaucrats into villages to issues official papers (and sadly accept bribes in return). It would have been costly, inefficient and messy. It probably would have only partially worked.
But in 2009, India did something that no one else in the world at the time had done before; they launched a project called Aadhaar which was a technological solution to the problem, creating a biometric database based on a 12-digit digital identity, authenticated by finger prints and retina scans.
Aadhaar became the largest and most successful IT project ever undertaken in the world and, as of 2016, 1.1 billion people (95% of the population) now has a digital proof of identity. To understand the scale of what India has achieved with Aadhaar you have to understand that India accounts for 17.2% of the entire world’s population!
But this biometric database was just the first phase...
Phase 2 – Banking Adoption
Once huge swathes of the population began to register on the official system, the next phase was to get them into the banking system. The Government allowed the creation of eleven Payment Banks, which can hold money but don’t do any lending. To motivate people to open accounts, it offered free life insurance with them and linked bank accounts to social welfare benefits. Within three years more than 270 million bank accounts were opened and $10bn in deposits flooded in.
People who registered under the Aadhaar Act could open a bank account just with their Aadhaar number.
Phase 3 – Building Out a Mobile Infrastructure
The Aadhaar card holds another important benefit – people can use it to instantly open a mobile phone account. I covered this in detail last month but the key takeaway is that mobile phone penetration exploded after Aadhaar and went from 40% of the population to 79% within a few years...
The next phase in the mobile phone story will be the rapid rise in smart phones, which will revolutionise everything. Currently only 28% of the population has a smart phone but growth rates are close to 70% per year.
In July 2016, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), which administers Aadhaar, called a meeting with executives from Google, Microsoft, Samsung and Indian smartphone maker Micromax amongst others, to talk about developing Aadhaar compliant devices.
Qualcomm is working closely with government authorities to get more Aadhaar-enabled devices onto the market and working with customers – including the biggest Android manufacturers – to integrate required features, such as secure cameras and iris authentication partners.
Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, recently singled out India as a top priority for Apple.
Microsoft has also just launched a lite version of Skype designed to work on an unstable 2G connection and is integrated with the Aadhaar database, so video calling can be used for authenticated calls.
This rise in smart, Aadhaar compliant mobile phone penetration set the stage for the really clever stuff...
Phase 4 – UPI – A New Transaction System
But that is not all. In December 30th 2016, Indian launched BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) which is a digital payments platform using UPI (Unified Payments Interface). This is another giant leap that allows non-UPI linked bank accounts into the payments system. Now payments can be made from UPI accounts to non-UPI accounts and can use QR codes for instant payments and also allows users to check bank balances.
While the world is digesting all of this, assuming that it is going to lead to an explosion in mobile phone eWallets (which is happening already), the next step is materializing. This is where the really big breakthrough lies...
Payments can now be made without using mobile phones, just using fingerprints and an Aadhaar number.
Fucking hell. That is the biggest change to any financial system in history.
What is even more remarkable is that this system works on a 2G network so it reaches even the most remote parts of India!! It will revolutionise the agricultural economy, which employs 60% of the workforce and contributes 17% of GDP. Farmers will now have access to bank accounts and credit, along with crop insurance.
But again, that is not all... India has gone one step further...
Phase 5 – India Stack – A Digital Life
In 2016, India introduced another innovation called India Stack. This is a series of secured and connected systems that allows people to store and share personal data such as addresses, bank statements, medical records, employment records and tax filings and it enables the digital signing of documents. This is all accessed, and can be shared, via Aadhaar biometric authentication.
Essentially, it is a secure Dropbox for your entire official life and creates what is known as eKYC: Electronic Know Your Customer.
Using India Stack APIs, all that is required is a fingerprint or retina scan to open a bank account, mobile phone account, brokerage account, buy a mutual fund or share medical records at any hospital or clinic in India. It also creates the opportunity instant loans and brings insurance to the masses, particularly life insurance. All of this data can also in turn be stored on India Stack to give, for example, proof of utility bill payment or life insurance coverage.
What is India Stack exactly?
India Stack is the framework that will make the new digital economy work seamlessly.
It’s a set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups and developers to utilise a unique digital infrastructure to solve India’s hard problems towards presence-less, paperless and cashless service delivery.
As you can see, Smart phones will act as key to access the kingdom.
This is fast, secure and reliable; this is the future...
This revolutionary digital infrastructure will soon be able to process billions more transactions than bitcoin ever has. It may well be a bitcoin killer or at best provide the framework for how blockchain technology could be applied in the real world. It is too early to tell whether other countries or the private sector adopts blockchain versions of this infrastructure or abandons it altogether and follows India’s centralised version.
India Stack is the largest open API in the world and will allow for massive fintech opportunities to be built around it. India is already the third largest fintech centre but it will jump into first place in a few years. India is already organizing hackathons to develop applications for the APIs.
It has left Silicon Valley in the dust.
Phase 6 – A Cash Ban
The final stroke of genius was the cash ban, which I have also discussed at length in the past. The cash ban is the final part of the story. It simply forces everyone into the new digital economy and has the hugely beneficial side-effect of reducing everyday corruption, recapitalising the banking sector and increasing government tax take, thus allowing India to rebuild its crumbling infrastructure...
India was a cash society but once the dust settles, cash will account for less than 40% of total transactions in the next five years. It may eliminate cash altogether in the next ten years.
The cash ban digitizes India. No other economy in the world is even close to this.
Phase 7 – The Investment Opportunity
Everyone thinks they know about the Indian economy – crappy infrastructure, corruption, bureaucracy and antiquated institutions but with a massively growing middle class. Well, that is the narrative and has been for the last 15 years.
But that phase is over and no one noticed. So few people in the investment community or even Silicon Valley are even vaguely aware of what has happened in India and that has created an enormous investment opportunity.
The future for India is massive technological advancement, a higher trend rate of GDP and more tax revenues. Tax revenues will fund infrastructure – ports, roads, rail and healthcare. Technology will increase agricultural productivity, online services and manufacturing productivity.
Telecom, banking, insurance and online retailing will boom, as will the tech sector.
Nothing in India will be the same again.
FDI is already exploding and will rise massively in the years ahead as technology giants and others pour into India to take advantage of the opportunity...
I am long the telco sector (Bharti)...
And I am long the Nifty Banks Index...
I think India is going to offer an entire world of opportunity going forwards.
If I can sum up, it’s in this one chart: the SENSEX in US Dollars. It looks explosive for the next 10 years...
Incredible India indeed.
***Hot off the press***
I decided to test the waters on Twitter on Sunday and Monday to find out how many non-Indians were aware of India Stack/Aadhaar. I have 24,000 followers on Twitter, many of which are you guys, and hosts of others heavily engaged in financial markets i.e. it’s a decent data sample.
In the 12 hours since the survey began, around 900 people have responded. It appears that 90% of the investment world knows absolutely nothing about the biggest IT project ever accomplished and have never even heard of it.
Now, that is an informational edge.
Companies that create massively outsized technological breakthroughs tend to capture the investing population’s attention and thus their share prices trade at huge multiples, as future growth and future revenues are extrapolated into the future.
From time to time, entire countries re-model their economies and shift their growth trajectory. The most recent example was the liberalisation of China’s economy and massive spending on infrastructure, which together created an incredibly powerful force for growth over the last two decades.
But it is very rare indeed that a country develops an outsized technological infrastructure breakthrough that leaves the rest of the world far behind.
But exactly this has just happened in India... and no one noticed.
India has, without question, made the largest technological breakthrough of any nation in living memory.
Its technological advancement has even left Silicon Valley standing. India has built the world’s first national digital infrastructure, leaping at least two generations of financial technologies and has built something as important as the railroad was to the UK or the interstate highways were to the U.S.
India is now the most attractive major investment opportunity in the world.
It’s all about something called Aadhaar and a breathtakingly ambitious plan with flawless execution.
What just blows my mind is how few people have even noticed it. To be honest, writing the article last month was the first time I learned about any of the developments. I think this is the biggest emerging market macro story in the world.
Phase 1 – The Aadhaar Act
India, pre-2009, had a massive problem for a developing economy: nearly half of its people did not have any form of identification. If you were born outside of a hospital or without any government services, which is common in India, you don’t get a birth certificate. Without a birth certificate, you can’t get the basic infrastructure of modern life: a bank account, driving license, insurance or a loan. You operate outside the official sector and the opportunities available to others are not available to you. It almost guarantees a perpetuation of poverty and it also guarantees a low tax take for India, thus it holds Indian growth back too.
Normally, a country such as India would solve this problem by making a large push to register more births or send bureaucrats into villages to issues official papers (and sadly accept bribes in return). It would have been costly, inefficient and messy. It probably would have only partially worked.
But in 2009, India did something that no one else in the world at the time had done before; they launched a project called Aadhaar which was a technological solution to the problem, creating a biometric database based on a 12-digit digital identity, authenticated by finger prints and retina scans.
Aadhaar became the largest and most successful IT project ever undertaken in the world and, as of 2016, 1.1 billion people (95% of the population) now has a digital proof of identity. To understand the scale of what India has achieved with Aadhaar you have to understand that India accounts for 17.2% of the entire world’s population!
But this biometric database was just the first phase...
Phase 2 – Banking Adoption
Once huge swathes of the population began to register on the official system, the next phase was to get them into the banking system. The Government allowed the creation of eleven Payment Banks, which can hold money but don’t do any lending. To motivate people to open accounts, it offered free life insurance with them and linked bank accounts to social welfare benefits. Within three years more than 270 million bank accounts were opened and $10bn in deposits flooded in.
People who registered under the Aadhaar Act could open a bank account just with their Aadhaar number.
Phase 3 – Building Out a Mobile Infrastructure
The Aadhaar card holds another important benefit – people can use it to instantly open a mobile phone account. I covered this in detail last month but the key takeaway is that mobile phone penetration exploded after Aadhaar and went from 40% of the population to 79% within a few years...
The next phase in the mobile phone story will be the rapid rise in smart phones, which will revolutionise everything. Currently only 28% of the population has a smart phone but growth rates are close to 70% per year.
In July 2016, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), which administers Aadhaar, called a meeting with executives from Google, Microsoft, Samsung and Indian smartphone maker Micromax amongst others, to talk about developing Aadhaar compliant devices.
Qualcomm is working closely with government authorities to get more Aadhaar-enabled devices onto the market and working with customers – including the biggest Android manufacturers – to integrate required features, such as secure cameras and iris authentication partners.
Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, recently singled out India as a top priority for Apple.
Microsoft has also just launched a lite version of Skype designed to work on an unstable 2G connection and is integrated with the Aadhaar database, so video calling can be used for authenticated calls.
This rise in smart, Aadhaar compliant mobile phone penetration set the stage for the really clever stuff...
Phase 4 – UPI – A New Transaction System
But that is not all. In December 30th 2016, Indian launched BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) which is a digital payments platform using UPI (Unified Payments Interface). This is another giant leap that allows non-UPI linked bank accounts into the payments system. Now payments can be made from UPI accounts to non-UPI accounts and can use QR codes for instant payments and also allows users to check bank balances.
While the world is digesting all of this, assuming that it is going to lead to an explosion in mobile phone eWallets (which is happening already), the next step is materializing. This is where the really big breakthrough lies...
Payments can now be made without using mobile phones, just using fingerprints and an Aadhaar number.
Fucking hell. That is the biggest change to any financial system in history.
What is even more remarkable is that this system works on a 2G network so it reaches even the most remote parts of India!! It will revolutionise the agricultural economy, which employs 60% of the workforce and contributes 17% of GDP. Farmers will now have access to bank accounts and credit, along with crop insurance.
But again, that is not all... India has gone one step further...
Phase 5 – India Stack – A Digital Life
In 2016, India introduced another innovation called India Stack. This is a series of secured and connected systems that allows people to store and share personal data such as addresses, bank statements, medical records, employment records and tax filings and it enables the digital signing of documents. This is all accessed, and can be shared, via Aadhaar biometric authentication.
Essentially, it is a secure Dropbox for your entire official life and creates what is known as eKYC: Electronic Know Your Customer.
Using India Stack APIs, all that is required is a fingerprint or retina scan to open a bank account, mobile phone account, brokerage account, buy a mutual fund or share medical records at any hospital or clinic in India. It also creates the opportunity instant loans and brings insurance to the masses, particularly life insurance. All of this data can also in turn be stored on India Stack to give, for example, proof of utility bill payment or life insurance coverage.
What is India Stack exactly?
India Stack is the framework that will make the new digital economy work seamlessly.
It’s a set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups and developers to utilise a unique digital infrastructure to solve India’s hard problems towards presence-less, paperless and cashless service delivery.
- Presence-less: Retina scan and finger prints will be used to participate in any service from anywhere in the country.
- Cashless: A single interface to all the country’s bank accounts and wallets.
- Paperless: Digital records are available in the cloud, eliminating the need for massive amount of paper collection and storage.
- Consent layer: Give secured access on demand to documents.
As you can see, Smart phones will act as key to access the kingdom.
This is fast, secure and reliable; this is the future...
This revolutionary digital infrastructure will soon be able to process billions more transactions than bitcoin ever has. It may well be a bitcoin killer or at best provide the framework for how blockchain technology could be applied in the real world. It is too early to tell whether other countries or the private sector adopts blockchain versions of this infrastructure or abandons it altogether and follows India’s centralised version.
India Stack is the largest open API in the world and will allow for massive fintech opportunities to be built around it. India is already the third largest fintech centre but it will jump into first place in a few years. India is already organizing hackathons to develop applications for the APIs.
It has left Silicon Valley in the dust.
Phase 6 – A Cash Ban
The final stroke of genius was the cash ban, which I have also discussed at length in the past. The cash ban is the final part of the story. It simply forces everyone into the new digital economy and has the hugely beneficial side-effect of reducing everyday corruption, recapitalising the banking sector and increasing government tax take, thus allowing India to rebuild its crumbling infrastructure...
India was a cash society but once the dust settles, cash will account for less than 40% of total transactions in the next five years. It may eliminate cash altogether in the next ten years.
The cash ban digitizes India. No other economy in the world is even close to this.
Phase 7 – The Investment Opportunity
Everyone thinks they know about the Indian economy – crappy infrastructure, corruption, bureaucracy and antiquated institutions but with a massively growing middle class. Well, that is the narrative and has been for the last 15 years.
But that phase is over and no one noticed. So few people in the investment community or even Silicon Valley are even vaguely aware of what has happened in India and that has created an enormous investment opportunity.
The future for India is massive technological advancement, a higher trend rate of GDP and more tax revenues. Tax revenues will fund infrastructure – ports, roads, rail and healthcare. Technology will increase agricultural productivity, online services and manufacturing productivity.
Telecom, banking, insurance and online retailing will boom, as will the tech sector.
Nothing in India will be the same again.
FDI is already exploding and will rise massively in the years ahead as technology giants and others pour into India to take advantage of the opportunity...
I am long the telco sector (Bharti)...
And I am long the Nifty Banks Index...
I think India is going to offer an entire world of opportunity going forwards.
If I can sum up, it’s in this one chart: the SENSEX in US Dollars. It looks explosive for the next 10 years...
Incredible India indeed.
***Hot off the press***
I decided to test the waters on Twitter on Sunday and Monday to find out how many non-Indians were aware of India Stack/Aadhaar. I have 24,000 followers on Twitter, many of which are you guys, and hosts of others heavily engaged in financial markets i.e. it’s a decent data sample.
In the 12 hours since the survey began, around 900 people have responded. It appears that 90% of the investment world knows absolutely nothing about the biggest IT project ever accomplished and have never even heard of it.
Now, that is an informational edge.
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