mil-avia
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Governors and Sultans of Bengal up to the Mughal Conquest
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justanobserver
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It's just a link. No pics
Please refer to the subtitle, "Mughal Conquest of Bengal" in 1576 AD. The year is correct because Pathan Sultan Daud Shah Karrani of Bengal was defeated in the Battle of Rajmahal and was captured when his horse could not move in a marsh land. He was beheaded at the order of Mughal General.
GREAT Akber was the Emperor of Hindustan at that time. He used to spare Hindus, but not the Muslim Pathans of Bengal. His general beheaded many thousands of these Bengal troops and made 8 mountains with these heads somewhere near Rajmahal.
The resistance continued by many Chieftains led by Isa Khan. I have found more than 20 names, mostly Pathan Muslim powerful families who were nominated as the Chieftains of Bengal during the time of Sher Shah Suri and his son Zalal (Islam) Shah. The struggle for supremacy of Bengal and Hindustan stopped when Khwaja Osman was killed in a battle against the Mughal army somewhere in Mymensingh in 1605 AD. So, when the struggle started it was Akber who was the Emperor and it was Jahngir when it ceased after 30 years.
Nalwa
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Today's Bangladesh has nothing in common with the Sultanate? Biggest screw up was adopting Devanagari script. Opposite in nature and outlook.
Why so fixated on the sultanate?
Name AH AD
1) Ikhtiyar al-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji 600 - 602 1203 - 1206
2) 'Izz al-Din Shiran Khalji c.602 - 604c.1206 - 1207
3) Husam al-Din 'Iwad Khalji c.604 - 605 1207 - 1208
4) Rukn al-Din 'Ali Mardan
a. governor 605 -606 1208 - 1210/11
b. sultan 606 - 609/10 1210/11-1213
5)Ghiyas al-Din 'Iwad 609/10- 624 1213-1227
6) Nasir al-Din Mahmud 624 - 626 1227 -1229
7)Daulat Shah bin Maudud 627 1229/30
8)'Ala al-DÌn Jani 627 1230
9) Saif al-DÌn Aibak 627 - 631 1230 - 1233
10) 'Izz al-DÌn Tughril Tughan Khan
631 - 641
1233 - 1243/4
11) Malik Qamr al-Din Tamar Khan Qiran (anonymous coins)
641/2 - 644
1244 - 1246
12) Jalal al-Din Mas'ud Malik Jani fl. 651 - 653 1253 - 1255
Mughith al-Din Yuzbak
a. governor
fl. 651 - 653
1253 - 1255
b. sultan
653 - 655
1255 - 1257
13) 'Izz al-Din Balban
fl. 657
1258
14) Arslan Khan Sanjar
fl. 657
1258
15) Tatar Khan
fl. 664 - 665
1265 - 6
16) Sher Khan
??
??
18) Amin Khan
??
??
19) Mu'izz al-Din Tughril
a. governor
667 - 678
1268 - 1280
b. sultan
678 - 680
1280 - 1282
20) Nasir al-Din Mahmud Bughra Shah
a. governor
680 - 686
1282 - 1287
b. sultan
687 - 688
1288 - 1289
21) Jalal al-Din Mahmud
686
1287
22) Rukn al-Din Kaikaus
689 - 699
1290 - 1299
23) Shams al-Din Daulat Shah
699
1299/1300
24) Shams al-Din Firuz Shah
a. 1st reign
700 - 716
1300 - 1316
b. 2nd reign
719 - 720
1319 - 1320
25) Shihab al-Din Bughda Shah
717 - 718
1317 - 1318
26) Jalal al-Din Kurban (or Guzban) Shah
719
1319
27) Ghiyath al-Din Bahadur Shah
a. all Bengal
720 - 724
1320 - 1324
b. in Sunargaon
c.726 - 728
c.1326 - 1328
28) Nasir al-Din Ibrahim Shah (in Lakhnauti)
724 - 726?
1524 - 1326?
29) Qadr Khan (governor of Lakhnauti)
726? - ?
1326? - ?
30) Bahram Khan (governor of Sunargaon and Satgaon)
724? - 726?
1324? - 1327?
(joint governor of Sunargaon)
c.726 - 728
c.1326 - 1328
(sole governor of Sunargaon)
c.728 - 737
c.1328 - 1337
31) 'Izz al-Din Yahya (governor of Satgaon)
c.726 - ?
c.1326 - ?
32) Fakhr al-Din Mubarak Shah (in East Bengal)
734 - 750
1334 - 1349
33) Ikhtiyar al-Din Ghazi Shah (in East Bengal)
750 - 753
1349 - 1352
34) 'Ala al-Din 'Ali Shah (in Western Bengal)
c.742 - 746
c.1341 - 1345
35) Shams al-Din Iliyas Shah
746 - 758
1345 - 1357
36) Sikandar Shah bin Iliyas
758 - 792
1357 - 1389
37) Ghiyath al-Din A'zam Shah
792 - 813
1389 - 1410
38) Saif al-Din Hamzah Shah
813 - 815
1410 - 1412
39) Shams al-Din bin Hamza
815
1412
40) Shihab al-Din Bayazid Shah
815-817
1412 - 1414
41) 'Ala' al-Din Firuz Shah
817
1414
42) Jalal al-Din Muhammad Shah
1st reign
818 - 819
1415 - 1416
2nd reign
821 - 837?
1418 - 1433?
43) Danujamardana Deva
saka 1339-1340
1416 - 1418
44) Mahendra Deva
saka 1340
1418
45) Shams al-Din Ahmad Shah
836 - 837
1432 - 1433
46) Qutb al-Din A'zam Shah (in the east?)
c.837
c.1433/4
47) Nasir al-Din Shahim Shah (tentative reading)
837?
1433/1434?
48) Ghiyath al-Din Nusrat (Nasir Khan?)
837
1433/1434
49) Nasir al-Din Mahmud
837 - 864
1434 - 1459
50) Rukn al-Din Barbak Shah
864 - 879
1459 - 1474
51) Shams al-Din Yusuf Shah
879 - 885
1474 - 1481
52) Nur al-Din Sikandar Shah
885 - 886
1481
53) Jalal al-Din Fath Shah
886 - 893
1481 - 1487
54) Ghiyath al-Din Barbak Shah
893
1487 - 1488
55) Saif al-Din Firuz Shah
893 - 896
1488 - 1490
56) Qutb al-Din Mahmud
896
1490
57) Shams al-Din Muzaffar Shah
896 - 899
1490 - 1493
58) 'Ala' al-Din Husain Shah
899 - 925
1493 - 1519
59) Nasir al-Din Nusrat Shah
925 - 938
1519 - 1531
60) 'Ala' al-Din Bibban Shah
938
1531
61) 'Ala' al-Din Firuz
938 - 939
1531 - 1532
62) Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
939 - 945
1532 - 1538
63) Period of rule under Mughal Emperor Humayun
a) Under Humayun 945 - 946, 1538 - 1539
Under Sher Shah Dynasty
64) Sher Shah Suri 946 - 950, 1539 - 1542
65) Shams al-Din Muhammad Shah Ghazi
950- 962
1542 - 1554
65) Ghiyath al-Din Bahadur Shah
963 - 968
1555 - 1560
67) Ghiyath al-Din Jalal Shah
968 - 971
1560 - 1563
68) Son of Jalal Shah
971
1563
69) Sulaiman Shah Kararani
971 - 980
1563 - 1572
70) Bayazid Shah Kararani
980
1572
71) Da'ud Shah Kararani
980 - 984
1572 - 1576
Mughal conquest of Bengal
984
1576
During the early period, coins were also struck in Bengal in the names of the following Sultans of Delhi
1) Muhammad bin Sam
(589) - 602
(1193) - 1205
2) Shams al-Din Iltutmish
607 - 633
1210 - 1236
3) Rukn al-Din Firuz
633 - 634
1236
4) Jalalat al-Din Radiyya
634 - 637/8
1236 - 1240
5) Mu'izz al-Din Bahram
638 - 639
1240 - 1242
6) 'Ala' al-Din Mas'ud
639 - 644
1242 - 1246
7) Nasir al-Din Mahmud
644 - 664
1246 - 1255
8) Ghiyath al-Din Balban
664 - 686
1266 - 1286
9) Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
720 - 725
1320 - 1325
10) Muhammad bin Tughluq
725 - 752
1325 - 1351
axisofevil
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Today's Bangladesh has nothing in common with the Sultanate? Biggest screw up was adopting Devanagari script. Opposite in nature and outlook.
What do you need mean opposite in nature and outlook....stop fooling yourself and your Hindu Ancestry.....you damn hindu
asad71
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May I add three notes please:
a. Present BD includes former North Arakan. The are is roughly Sylhet, Comillla, Noakhali, Chittahong and greater Barisal. In fact northern province of the Kingdom of Arakan was separated from Bengal by the older (now non-existent) R Brahmaputra which used to run along today's Comilla Cantt. This was attached by Gov Shaista Khan in the second year of Emperor Aurnagjeb's reign. Shaista Khan had sent a joint land and naval force under his son Buzurg Umed Khan against the Mogh and Portuguese forces. Today's Swandip was the capital of the Portuguese Gov appointed by the Mogh King. Aurangjeb had been aware of The Message of Islam reaching Arakan during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), and had therefore named the territory "Islamabad" although rakan itself is a word derived from "rokon" or beginning.
b. There had existed a v prosperous Sultanate in Arakan for 365 years. Their capital was at Mrak-u which was literally leveled by the invading Burmese forces. Locally known as Moors, they seem to have had some connection to the Maghreb. Thus the name Mrak-u. Also note, their national headgear was the Fez, which was also worn by Sher e Bangla Fazlul Huq. Probably this brilliant and unusually learned man had been aware of his ancestry. Considered to be the first poet in Bangla language, Alaoal was an artillery general attached to the Sultan's court.
c. Bengal was always the base area of Pathan - Persian power in the subcontinent ever since Gen Bakhtiar Khilji. Sher Shah was our emperor. Before Aurangjeb, Bengal or BD never came completely under Delhi's rule. The rivalry that we see today in Afghanistan between the Pashtuns and the Northern Alliance is really continuation of this rivalry.
a. Present BD includes former North Arakan. The are is roughly Sylhet, Comillla, Noakhali, Chittahong and greater Barisal. In fact northern province of the Kingdom of Arakan was separated from Bengal by the older (now non-existent) R Brahmaputra which used to run along today's Comilla Cantt. This was attached by Gov Shaista Khan in the second year of Emperor Aurnagjeb's reign. Shaista Khan had sent a joint land and naval force under his son Buzurg Umed Khan against the Mogh and Portuguese forces. Today's Swandip was the capital of the Portuguese Gov appointed by the Mogh King. Aurangjeb had been aware of The Message of Islam reaching Arakan during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), and had therefore named the territory "Islamabad" although rakan itself is a word derived from "rokon" or beginning.
b. There had existed a v prosperous Sultanate in Arakan for 365 years. Their capital was at Mrak-u which was literally leveled by the invading Burmese forces. Locally known as Moors, they seem to have had some connection to the Maghreb. Thus the name Mrak-u. Also note, their national headgear was the Fez, which was also worn by Sher e Bangla Fazlul Huq. Probably this brilliant and unusually learned man had been aware of his ancestry. Considered to be the first poet in Bangla language, Alaoal was an artillery general attached to the Sultan's court.
c. Bengal was always the base area of Pathan - Persian power in the subcontinent ever since Gen Bakhtiar Khilji. Sher Shah was our emperor. Before Aurangjeb, Bengal or BD never came completely under Delhi's rule. The rivalry that we see today in Afghanistan between the Pashtuns and the Northern Alliance is really continuation of this rivalry.
Al-zakir
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Dissimilarity between Arabic/Persian/Urdu and Devanagari script.
I can not be Hindu because I am allergic to Hindu religion.
1) When I say Bengal, it includes today's Bangladesh, west Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand and upto certain extent Orissa. The natural boundary of Bengal extended upto Teliagiri and Shakligiri Passes that separate Bengal from Ayudh and Hindustan.
2) These two narrow mountain passes were so important for the defence of Bengal that it was said in old days that a three-man team was good enough to repulse an invading army from the other side. Without passing through these two mountain passes it was impossible to come to Bengal without overcrossing the dangerous mountains of Rajmahal or without taking another route through north Bihar.
3) Moreover, the crisscrosses of small and big rivers of Bengal were an impediment for Delhi to continue with even a most passionate seize of Bengal. Flood water would force the invaders retreat out of Bengal.
4) Delhi was conqured by the Turks in 1192, and Bihar and northern Bengal in 1198 (1203 by some scholars). The first four Maliks or Kings of Khilji dynasty were assassinated. Muslim rule in Bengal was associated with many such killings, internal conflicts and palace coups.
5) Khilji is not a family title. There are many different nomadic Turks in the central asia including Afghanistan. Khilji, Khaliji or Khalji is one such group. Khilji Turks used to live a nomadic poor life in those areas. Lure of large grain fields, wealth and a good life in Hindustan and Bengal pushed these poor nomads to fight and immigrate into these lands of plenty,
6) From the very beginning, the Khilji Turks of Bengal opposed a direct rule by the Delhi Turks. So, one can see a hundred warfares between these two regions. Delhi Muslims thought Bengal Turks were their cousines with same bloodline and therefore, Bengal must be an extension of Delhi Sultanate. But, the Muslim Turks of Bengal fought vigorously to foil the efforts of Delhi.
7) So, in such a tug of war between the two forces, until about 1339 AD Bengal was ruled semi-independently by the settler Turks by keeping a nominal tie with Delhi Turks.
8) Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah raised the standard of rebellion and declared independence of Bengal in 1339 AD. This had resulted in many wars between the two Sultanate.
9) During this independent period not only the Turkic families, but also Negroite and Arab families had ruled over this region. There were considerable infusion of these two groups in Bengal.
10) Bengal retained its independence until 1539 AD when Pathan Sultan Sher Shah of Bengal himself became the Emperor of Hindustan. Before this event, Mughal Emperor Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah in two wars in Bihar and had to retreat to Iran.
11) This linkage with Delhi was again broken when Adil Shah or Mobarak Shah killed his own nephew, the grandson of Sher Shah, and seized the throne of Delhi in 1554 AD. The Pathan Subedar Shams al-Din Mohammad Shah of Bengal declared independence and rushed towards Delhi to avenge the killing of Sher Shah's grandson. But, he was defeated and killed in Allahabad by the forces of Adil Shah. His son Sultan Bahadur Shah declared himself the Sultan of Bengal and continued to defy Delhi.
12) North Indian retinues of Suri Dynasty vacated their possessions after Adil Shah was defeated in the 2nd battle of Panipath in 1556 AD at the hands of Humayun. Adil Shah fled to the east, but was killed in a war with Sultan Bahadur Shah of Bengal. But, his Pathan and north Indian retinues were permitted to come and settle in Bengal where their own people were still ruling this region.
13) After the killing of Pathan Sultan Daud Shah in 1576 AD, these Pathans led a continuous war against Delhi until 1605 AD when finally they were defeated and Bengal went under the Delhi Mughal rule.
14) There was a considerable infusion of north Indian muslims during this long period of war. In order to thwart the war efforts of the local rebel Muslim forces in Bengal, Akber took a policy of awarding farm lands, instead of paying cash salaries, to some of his own military people from north India to encourage settlment in Bengal. This had resulted in a considerable immigration of north Indian muslims in Bengal.
15) Since this time until 1757 this region was ruled by the Viceroys sent from or appointed by Delhi Mughals.
2) These two narrow mountain passes were so important for the defence of Bengal that it was said in old days that a three-man team was good enough to repulse an invading army from the other side. Without passing through these two mountain passes it was impossible to come to Bengal without overcrossing the dangerous mountains of Rajmahal or without taking another route through north Bihar.
3) Moreover, the crisscrosses of small and big rivers of Bengal were an impediment for Delhi to continue with even a most passionate seize of Bengal. Flood water would force the invaders retreat out of Bengal.
4) Delhi was conqured by the Turks in 1192, and Bihar and northern Bengal in 1198 (1203 by some scholars). The first four Maliks or Kings of Khilji dynasty were assassinated. Muslim rule in Bengal was associated with many such killings, internal conflicts and palace coups.
5) Khilji is not a family title. There are many different nomadic Turks in the central asia including Afghanistan. Khilji, Khaliji or Khalji is one such group. Khilji Turks used to live a nomadic poor life in those areas. Lure of large grain fields, wealth and a good life in Hindustan and Bengal pushed these poor nomads to fight and immigrate into these lands of plenty,
6) From the very beginning, the Khilji Turks of Bengal opposed a direct rule by the Delhi Turks. So, one can see a hundred warfares between these two regions. Delhi Muslims thought Bengal Turks were their cousines with same bloodline and therefore, Bengal must be an extension of Delhi Sultanate. But, the Muslim Turks of Bengal fought vigorously to foil the efforts of Delhi.
7) So, in such a tug of war between the two forces, until about 1339 AD Bengal was ruled semi-independently by the settler Turks by keeping a nominal tie with Delhi Turks.
8) Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah raised the standard of rebellion and declared independence of Bengal in 1339 AD. This had resulted in many wars between the two Sultanate.
9) During this independent period not only the Turkic families, but also Negroite and Arab families had ruled over this region. There were considerable infusion of these two groups in Bengal.
10) Bengal retained its independence until 1539 AD when Pathan Sultan Sher Shah of Bengal himself became the Emperor of Hindustan. Before this event, Mughal Emperor Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah in two wars in Bihar and had to retreat to Iran.
11) This linkage with Delhi was again broken when Adil Shah or Mobarak Shah killed his own nephew, the grandson of Sher Shah, and seized the throne of Delhi in 1554 AD. The Pathan Subedar Shams al-Din Mohammad Shah of Bengal declared independence and rushed towards Delhi to avenge the killing of Sher Shah's grandson. But, he was defeated and killed in Allahabad by the forces of Adil Shah. His son Sultan Bahadur Shah declared himself the Sultan of Bengal and continued to defy Delhi.
12) North Indian retinues of Suri Dynasty vacated their possessions after Adil Shah was defeated in the 2nd battle of Panipath in 1556 AD at the hands of Humayun. Adil Shah fled to the east, but was killed in a war with Sultan Bahadur Shah of Bengal. But, his Pathan and north Indian retinues were permitted to come and settle in Bengal where their own people were still ruling this region.
13) After the killing of Pathan Sultan Daud Shah in 1576 AD, these Pathans led a continuous war against Delhi until 1605 AD when finally they were defeated and Bengal went under the Delhi Mughal rule.
14) There was a considerable infusion of north Indian muslims during this long period of war. In order to thwart the war efforts of the local rebel Muslim forces in Bengal, Akber took a policy of awarding farm lands, instead of paying cash salaries, to some of his own military people from north India to encourage settlment in Bengal. This had resulted in a considerable immigration of north Indian muslims in Bengal.
15) Since this time until 1757 this region was ruled by the Viceroys sent from or appointed by Delhi Mughals.
mil-avia
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mil-avia
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wild_fire1979
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Dissimilarity between Arabic/Persian/Urdu and Devanagari script.
I can not be Hindu because I am allergic to Hindu religion.
Why do Muslims in our sub-continent always in a perpetual identity crises? Admit that you are basically people of the Indian sub-continent who converted or were converted and get over your pan Arabic obsession.
Considering how the Arabs treat you, you are much better off with your existing identity instead of creating a make believe one
Maira La
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Why do Muslims in our sub-continent always in a perpetual identity crises? Admit that you are basically people of the Indian sub-continent who converted or were converted and get over your pan Arabic obsession.
Considering how the Arabs treat you, you are much better off with your existing identity instead of creating a make believe one
And you are much better off ignoring his hateful comments. I still hope Al-Zakir will realize someday that peaceful "non-allergic" coexistence with non-muslim people and "scripts" is possible.
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