CHINA-ORDAIN (THIRD UPDATE) May-4-2006 (960 words) With photos posted May 3. xxxi
China ordains two bishops without pope's approval, draws Vatican ire
By Catholic News Service
WUHU, China (CNS) -- Chinese church leaders ordained two Catholic bishops without papal approval, prompting strong objections from the Vatican.
Father Joseph Liu Xinhong, 41, was ordained bishop of Anhui May 3 at Wuhu's St. Joseph Church, the cathedral of the Wuhu Diocese before the government-approved church administration in China changed diocesan boundaries.
On April 30, Father Joseph Ma Yinglin, 41, was ordained bishop of Kunming, also without papal approval.
At the Vatican May 4, spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls said Pope Benedict XVI was "profoundly displeased" to learn of the ordinations. Navarro-Valls said ordaining new bishops without papal approval seriously harms the unity of the church, which can lead to "severe canonical sanctions."
However, Navarro-Valls also noted that the Vatican had received information that "bishops and priests were placed under strong pressure and threats" to participate in the ordinations, which lacking papal approval were "illegitimate and, in addition, contrary to their consciences."
The spokesman said the Vatican had an obligation to speak out on behalf of suffering Chinese Catholics, "especially those bishops and priests who find themselves obliged against their consciences to ordain or participate in episcopal ordinations which neither the candidates nor the consecrating bishops want to do without having received a pontifical mandate."
Navarro-Valls said the Vatican hoped that "such unacceptable acts of violent and inadmissible" pressure would not be placed on priests and bishops in the future, although the Vatican has heard that other ordinations without papal approval were being planned.
He said the ordinations created an obstacle to Vatican-Chinese dialogue.
Last year, relations between the two showed signs of improvement when several new Chinese bishops chosen by the Vatican received government approval.
When the communist government formed the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association in the 1950s, the association officially spurned ties with the Vatican, while an underground church continued to exist and often faced persecution. In recent years, Catholics familiar with the situation in China have said more than 90 percent of the government-approved or open-church bishops have reconciled with the Vatican, and in some areas of China there is intermingling of the two groups. Much of this depends on the local bishop, they said.
Nine papally approved bishops from the government-approved church ordained Bishop Ma, UCA News reported. The five government-approved bishops named as ordaining Bishop Liu also have reconciled with the Vatican; other concelebrants included about 30 Chinese priests and some visiting priests from overseas.
Most Catholics in Anhui belong to the underground church and refuse to join the open church. An underground lay leader in Anhui who asked not to be named told UCA News May 2 that his community as well as open-church Catholics would not accept a bishop without papal approval, and that such an ordination would harm church efforts in evangelization and reconciliation.
The layman said public security officers had already tightened control on underground Catholics and "warned Catholics not to create trouble." For this reason, he said, he and several other lay leaders left home for a few days to avoid government control.
Another underground church leader told UCA News May 2 that in defying the Vatican Bishop Liu would not gain the support of local Catholics. However, about 1,000 Catholics and guests from Anhui province packed the church for the ordination or else viewed the televised liturgy in an adjacent public square.
Bishop Liu told UCA News after his ordination that he has a heavy responsibility but, with the help of the Holy Spirit, he and supportive laypeople "can build a better future for the church in Anhui." He said the diocese's 18 priests had expressed their support and solidarity, and all of them want to develop evangelization.
He also said the diocese plans to build a new cathedral in Hefei, Anhui's provincial capital, where he will later be based.
Born in 1964, Bishop Liu graduated from Sheshan Regional Seminary in Shanghai and was ordained a priest of the Bengbu Diocese in 1990. He has served in parishes in the Anqing and Bengbu dioceses.
The new bishop had been administrator of the Anhui Diocese since Bishop Joseph Zhu Huayu died in February 2005. He also has served as a vice chairman and secretary-general of Anhui's Catholic Patriotic Association and as a member of the provincial People's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body of the provincial government.
About 1,000 Catholics, government officials and guests packed the Kunming cathedral for Bishop Ma's ordination Mass. A layperson from Kunming told UCA News April 30 that some Catholics knew Bishop Ma's ordination was not papally approved and refused to attend the Mass. However, their parish priests told them the onus rested on the ordaining bishops and the new bishop, and that laypeople could attend the Mass without any worry.
Bishop Ma was born April 22, 1965, and ordained a priest of Xingtai Diocese in northern China's Hebei province in 1989. He has served as secretary-general of the Bishops' Conference of the Catholic Church in China since 1998 and was made a Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association vice chairman in 2004.
About two years ago, he was designated a priest of the Kunming diocese, but he has stayed mostly in Beijing since then. He is one of three Catholic deputies in the National People's Congress, China's parliament.
On Jan. 6, 2000, five bishops were ordained in Beijing without papal mandate, which strained relations between China and the Vatican. China ordained another bishop that June without papal approval.
One Chinese Catholic source told Catholic News Service that at least one and probably more than one of those bishops have since reconciled with the Vatican.
In early 2001, UCA News reported that some 70 seminarians and teachers were expelled from China's national seminary for not attending the unapproved ordinations.
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CNS STORY: China ordains two bishops without pope's approval, draws Vatican ire