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China starts "combat ready" patrols in disputed seas

My Chinese brothers have shown you so many evidences, but you, Viet and phi, just ignore them. So I have to tell you a word: power is everything. If you have the power, you get everything you want; if you don't, go home and get everything you want in your dream. America has proven that is a truth existing in this planet. Protecting those islands that you want to steal from China is much more practical in your dream. Now we have got Huangyan island back, can you guess which one is the next?

China don't have right to claim Islands what belong to other. Using power is action of robbers and conflict with the rules of international laws, which china signed.
Islands are in official control of Kingdoms Vietnam. Here is old map of Vietnam. It presented all Islands of Vietnam.

2098444838_c0de4c7a6f_o.jpg
 
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China don't have right to claim Islands what belong to other. Using power is action of robbers and conflict with the rules of international laws, which china signed.
Islands are in official control of Kingdoms Vietnam. Here is old map of Vietnam. It presented all Islands of Vietnam.

2098444838_c0de4c7a6f_o.jpg

who care your map! in addition, that map is photoshopped to add some more islands with beatiful colors. shame on dirty cheat of vietnam!!
 
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China don't have right to claim Islands what belong to other. Using power is action of robbers and conflict with the rules of international laws, which china signed.
Islands are in official control of Kingdoms Vietnam. Here is old map of Vietnam. It presented all Islands of Vietnam.

2098444838_c0de4c7a6f_o.jpg

How funny you are! According to your logic, America must be the biggest robber and international law breaker. Can you stop America planning to invade Syria? The fact is China and Russia can, not you Vietnam. Did America care about "international law"? In the eye of superpower, that ridiculous law is a piece of ****. We just get what belong to us back.
The Falklands is controlled by UK. If you are as strong as UK, do as you want ; if not, go home!
 
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aren't vn part of China at least for the first 1000 years???

China has already discovered and well documented SCS well within the first 1000 years.

BTW, idiot, I would love to see vn and phi try.

Lies.
China don't have evident to approve hilarious claim. Islands belong to Vietnam from ancient time. Chinese called also Jiaozhi Sea in the past.



Idiot threats, kido. Viet and Phi have to protect their sovereignty.

A map of 1820??? What a joke.

China has discovered and well documented SCS well within the first 1000 years.

China don't have right to claim Islands what belong to other. Using power is action of robbers and conflict with the rules of international laws, which china signed.
Islands are in official control of Kingdoms Vietnam. Here is old map of Vietnam. It presented all Islands of Vietnam.

2098444838_c0de4c7a6f_o.jpg

Well, next time, we will sink whatever phi ships the refuse our China law enforcement. Since we have been shot at, there is no need to refrain from opening fire now. You want to flex muscle? Well, let's see who have the bigger one.

It is called law enforcement. Somebody encroached into Philippine territory, we caught them, they resist arrest then we know what to do just like any self-respecting nation. I'm sure the ruthless Chinese will do horribly more if any Vietnamese or Philippine fishermen drift within 200 miles off their shore.



Care to share some links? Else, another BS from a 50 center.
 
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who care your map! in addition, that map is photoshopped to add some more islands with beatiful colors. shame on dirty cheat of vietnam!!

It is a photocopy of an ancient map on paper (of course), was marked with light pen marker and it was scanned become to an image.

You are 50 mao (7 center)?
 
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who care your map! in addition, that map is photoshopped to add some more islands with beatiful colors. shame on dirty cheat of vietnam!!

How funny you are! According to your logic, America must be the biggest robber and international law breaker. Can you stop America planning to invade Syria? The fact is China and Russia can, not you Vietnam. Did America care about "international law"? In the eye of superpower, that ridiculous law is a piece of ****. We just get what belong to us back.
The Falklands is controlled by UK. If you are as strong as UK, do as you want ; if not, go home!

aren't vn part of China at least for the first 1000 years???

China has already discovered and well documented SCS well within the first 1000 years.

BTW, idiot, I would love to see vn and phi try.



A map of 1820??? What a joke.

China has discovered and well documented SCS well within the first 1000 years.



Well, next time, we will sink whatever phi ships the refuse our China law enforcement. Since we have been shot at, there is no need to refrain from opening fire now. You want to flex muscle? Well, let's see who have the bigger one.

He he, Jiaozhi land and JiaoZhi people was in the ancient time over 2000 years (Kochi is the southern asia word to the name of Viets), much more longer.:meeting:
all chinese boys on PDF included Grandmaster (chinese with false flage) prefer to talk about strength and force, there is argument of robbers.
Here is one old map printed in china, your ancesters have been accepted that East Sea is name to the sea which belong to Vietnam. :enjoy:

20110706191241_giao%20chi2.jpg
 
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What Chinese historical documents say?
VietNamNet Bridge – First of all, China claims sovereignty over Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) islands based on the right of discovery and management.

20110905091409_1.jpg


According to a map, published by the Qing Dynasty in 1894, Chinese territory ended at the Hainan Island.

China’s argument includes: 1) Chinese were the first who discovered these islands and named them; 2) Chinese fishermen explored these islands for thousands of years. This proves China’s sovereignty; 3) China’s sovereignty over the islands is strengthened by archaeological unveils; 4) China has performed its management over these islands for a long time. We will consider argument and historical title of China concerning the Paracel and Spratly islands.

“From the age of Emperor Wu of Han (156 BC), Chinese people began traveling in the South China Sea. After a long time of marine practice, Chinese people discovered the Xisha (Paracel) and Nansha (Spratly) islands,” wrote the Chinese Foreign Ministry’s White Paper dated January 30, 1980, to prove the so-called “China’s indisputable sovereignty over Paracel and Spratly islands.”

The argumentation and the historical title of China concerning the Xisha and the Nansha are founded in the historical writings from the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-265) to the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), especially in the following documents:

- Nan Zhou Yi Wu Zhi (Exotic things of the southern regions) by Wan Zhen (period of the Three Kingdoms) discussing strange things in the Southern countries.
- Fu Nan Zhuan (Account of Funan) by Kang Tai (period of the Three Kingdoms) discussing his ambassadorial mission in Fu Nan.
- Yi Wu Zhi (Exotic things) from the Yang Fu period of the Oriental Han (25-220) discussing exotic things (also of foreign countries).
- Wu Jing Zong Yao (General program of military affairs) by Zeng Gongliang and Ding Du, of the Song dynasty (960-1127), dealing with the military system and important matters relating to national defense.
- Ling Wai Dai Da (Information on what is beyond the passes) by Zhou Chufei, of the Song dynasty (1178), mainly addressing the SEA countries. In the passage about the Sea of Giao Chỉ ancient name of Vietnam) mention is made of the Changsha and the Shitang.
- Zhu Fan Zhi (Notes on foreign countries) by Zhao Juguo, the Song dynasty (1225), describing foreign countries. A passage mentions the Qianli Changsha, Wanli Shitang as landmarks to situate the Hainan Island, such as Champa, Zhenla.
- Dao Ji Zhi Lue (General glimpse of the islands) by Wang Dayuan, the Yuan dynasty (1349), describing the physical geography, climate, riches and customs of about 100 foreign countries. Wanlishitang is treated in a separate chapter, like other regions.
- Dong Xi Yang Kao (Studies on the ocean of the East and the West) by Zhang Xie (1618) and Wu Beizhi (about the seven voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433 in the Southern seas and the Indian Ocean) by MaoYuanli(1628).
- Hai Guo Wen Jian Lu (Things heard and seen in overseas countries) Quing dynasty, by Zhen Lunchiung. Wanli Changsha and Qianli Shitang are mentioned in a passage on Vietnam on the way from Xiamen to Quang Nam (Vietnam).
- Hai Lu (Note on sea voyage) by Yang Bingnan, Qing dynasty (1820) discussing the 99 countries and regions of Europe and America. Wanli Changsha and Qiangli Shitang are mentioned in a passage on Java. The drawing of hemisphere attached to the book contains Changsha, Qiangli Shitang in the SEA region.
- Hai Guo Tu Zhi (Notes on foreign countries and navigation) by Wei Yuan, Qing dynasty (1848).
- Ying Huan Zhi Lue (Brief geography of the globe) by Feng Wenzhang in the reign of Daoguang (1848). Changsha and Qiangli Shitang are marked on the map of SEA and not on that of China.

Taking into account the mentioned books, there must be about 100 of them. The books in subsequent periods of the Song dynasty are more numerous than those of previous ones. Not one of the books directly speaks of the Xisha and the Nansha, and not one speaks of Chinese sovereignty on the Xisha and Nansha islands. A number of books speak of toponyms such as Qianli Changsha, Wanli Shitang, Qiangli Shitang, Jiuruluozhou, which are today considered by Chinese researchers as the Xisha and the Nansha.

For the most part, the mentioned books deal with relations, accounts of voyages, monographs and nautical books concerning countries other than China.

Some of them describe the activities of Chinese fishermen. Some others are written or related into books accounts by persons who have actually made sea travels such as Cinh Cha Zheng Lan, Ying Ya Zheng Lan, by Fei Cin and Ma Huan respectively who participated in the Zheng He expedition in the Southern sea, or Hai Lu,written by Yang Binhnan (period of the Qing) according to the statements of Xie Quinggao (1765-1821), an old Chinese sailor who worked aboard foreign ships and who was knowledgeable about maritime routes and the countries of SEA.

Some others were written by ambassadors to SEA, such as Fu Nan Zhuan (the account of Funan by Kang Tai ambassador to Funan, the geography of Zhenla by Zhou Daguan, Ambassador to Zhenla, the Hai Guo Guang Ji (an account of a voyage by the Ambassador Wu Hui to Champa). The Sui Zhi (History of the Sui) relates the voyage of Ambassador Chang Jun across the Bien Dong (Eastern Sea).

The other books are by people who did not make sea journeys but who reported the "things heard and seen" in the same way as Zhang Xie when he wrote his Dong Xi Yang Kao: by putting questions to people coming from afar whom he met on the wharves (sailors, travellers, etc.).

The Chinese authors evidently studied all the documents more or less relating to the Xisha, but they had to make careful choices, retaining what was right and discarding what was erroneous. It is regrettable that they collected all the found writings without sorting them out, but rather deliberately making deductions or arrangements.

For instance, it is written in the Fu Nan Zhuan: "In the Zhanghai there are coral shoals; under the shoals there are rocks on which corals grow." But Han Zhenhua explains that these are the Xisha and Nansha archipelagoes.

The Ji Wu Zhi simply writes: "The reefs of the Zhanghai are found in shallow waters where there are a lot of magnet stones; the large iron - banded junks of foreign countries cannot pass there." According to Han, Zhanghai is the South China Sea "comprising the islands of the Southern sea" (The South China sea has an area of over 3,400,000 km2; what does the Zhanghai represent?; the totality of the South China Sea or only a part of that sea, and which part?), and the reefs are those of the islands of the Southern Sea.

The Nan Yue Ji Wu Zhi (Strange things of the peoples of the South) of the first century writes: Chinese fishermen captured places, scaled tortoises; the Guang Zhou Ji writes: ancient men found corals while fishing at sea; but Pan Shiing deduces that the Chinese reclaimed and exploited the first islands of the Southern Sea, though these two books speak of the sea in general, not specifying which one.

The Dong Xi Yang Kao writes: Qi Zhou Yang is the maritime zone where the seven islands are found at 100 li (50 km) from Wenchang district. However, it is affirmed that the sea of the Xisha lies several hundreds of kilometers away from Wenchang.

The Zhu Fan Zhi writes: "Hainan was the Yazhou and the Dan Eu of the Han period." But Han Zhenghua affirms in an explanatory note that the name indicates the Hainan Island of today and the islands belonging to the islands of the Southern Sea (underlined by the author), in the clear intention of putting it among the Xisha and the Nansha. In the part reserved for Guangnan donglu (presently Guangdong, the Wu Jing Zong Yao contains a passage on the royal order of the Song to set up sea patrol posts and a passage about the route from Guangzhou to India, but the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has made it into the one and only passage, in order to pretend that the Chinese navy of that time had carried out patrols in the sea of the Xisha.

The Quan Zhou Fu Zhi says that General Wu Sheng himself conducted the patrol, starting from Qiongya and passing by Tonggu, Qizhouyang, Sigensha, making a tour of 3,000 li. According to these toponyms, it was actually a patrol around the island of Hainan (underlined by the author).

But the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has affirmed that General Wu Sheng had made "patrols in the sea of the Xisha." Regarding the names quoted by the books: Jiurulozhou, Wanli Shitang, Wanli Chengsha, Qianli Shitang, Qizhouyang, Qizhousan, the Chinese authors conclude that: Qizhouyang, Qizhousan indicate the Xisha whereas the other names indicate the Dongsha, Zhungsha, Nansha archipelagoes. The names Qizhouyang and Qizhousan are most often quoted in the itineraries from Southern China to Vietnam, Champa and further to the South.

In the Hai Yu, Huang Zhung in the Ming dynasty (1536) writes: "Wanli Shitang is found East of the sea of Wu Zhu and Du Zhu" (Wu Zhu is an island situated to the East of the islands Xiang Chuan, Xia Chuan, district of Wan Ninh, Guang Dong. Du Zhu is an island situated to the South-east of the island of Hainan).

"Wanli Changsha lies to the South-east of Wanli Shitang, i.e. the shoals of sand of the barbarous countries of the South-west". According to the author, Wanli Shitang indicates here "the shoals of sand of the barbarous countries of the South-west." Han Zhenhua, after omitting the words "the barbarous countries of the South-west," affirms that it is the Xisha and the Zhungsha, although, annotating the book Dao Ji Zhi Lue by Wang Dayua, he said that Wanli Shitang indicated all the four archipelagoes Dongsha, Xisha, Zhungsha, Nansha and, annotating the book Song Hui Yao, Song dynasty, he said that Wanli Shitang indicated the Zhungsha archipelago. Even Han Zhenhua does not know exactly what Wanli Shitang designates: Zhungsha, Xisha, or both, or even all four archipelagoes? Han is self-contradictory.

The Zhi Nan Zheng Fa, at the end of the reign of Kang Xi, writes: "If one goes beyond Qizhou and in the direction of the East for seven geng, one will find Wanli Changsha... if one goes to the East, one will one day see the island Weila before the eyes. Going to the East, after seven geng, [one will arrive in] Wanli Shitang."

Presenting the books Shun Feng Siang Sung and Zhi Nan Zheng Fa in 1961, the China Publishing House (Peking) said: "Wanli Shitang: from the Vietnamese port of Xinzhou, one goes towards the islands Hiaobei for seven geng to the North or from the island Weila towards the East, one can also reach Wanli Shitang, i.e. in the North-east of present day Binh Dinh of Vietnam. This is not likely to be the Southern part of the Xisha archipelago. Wanli Changsha: to the South-east of the island of Hainan, only a seven-geng [sail] South of the island Dazhou, is the Northern part of Xisha archipelago."

According to Pan Shiing, the Song had given the Nansha archipelago the name Shitang, Qianlishitang and Wanlishitang. In his turn, he is in contradiction to Han Zhenhua. Groenevelt, the translator of Shibi Zhuan (History of Sibi), the Mongolian general who commanded the expedition of the Yuan against Java in the XIIIth century, estimates that Wanlishitang designates rather the shoal Macclesfield (for Peking, it is the Zhungsha archipelago) which is even now submerged under more than 10m of water. Qianlishitang, Wanlishitang, anlichangsha... In fact, what do these toponyms represent? It seems that Qiangli Changsha is the Xisha (Paracels) and Wanlishitang, the Nansha (Spratly). It is clear that a scientific examination is necessary to correctly conclude the study of these toponyms. And where is Jiurulozhou?

The Wu Jing Zong Yao indicates the itinerary from Tunmensan to India: "From Tunmensan, with an Eastern wind, going towards the South-west for seven days, one will arrive in Jiurulozhou and in three days more, one will reach Pulasan..."

Tunmensan is to the North-west of Jiulong (Hong Kong). Thus, Jiurulozhou is on the route leading to Pulasan (that is to say the island of Cham of Vietnam) and from Tunmensan to Pulasan, it takes 10 days. In the Gu Jin Tu Shu Bian, Zhang Huang the Ming dynasty says that the route from Xiang San (Guangdong) to Champa, Siam passes by Qizhouyang, and it takes 10 days to reach the sea of Vietnam (Wailasan), i.e the island of Cham.

In the Huang Hua Si Da Zhi, Jia Shen (730-805), the Tang dynasty, writes: "From Guangzhou by the maritime route to the South-east one reaches Tunmensan, sailing to the West li 200, one will reach Jiu Luoshi in two days and Xiang Shi in two days more, and Pulasan in three days more to the South-west."

That is to say, from Guangzhou to Pulasan takes nine days. And observing the traditional itinerary of the Chinese, Jiu Luo shi designates the group of seven islands called Qizhou to the North-east of the island of Hainan, and Xiang Shi designates the island Dazhou to the South-east of the same island. Jiurulozhou being three days from Pulasan must be a point between the island of Dazhou and the island of Cham of Vietnam (Pulasan), and on the maritime route along the coast of Hainan towards the South. If Xiang Shi designates the Xisha as Han Zhenhua annotated, it is impossible to make the journey from Tunmensan to Xisha four days by the means of that time.

According to Jia Shen (the Tang), Zeng Gongliang, (the Song), Mat) Yuanji, Zhang Huang, La Rigeng (the Ming), Zhen Lunchiung (the Qing), the route along the coast towards the South, starting from Guangzhou or from Zhejiang, Fujian, is always the same: Tunmensan, the group of seven islands Qizhou, the island of Dazhou or Tou Zhousan, Wailasan (island of Re of Vietnam), the island Yangsiu (Poulo Gambir, Vietnam), Lingsan, Chi Kansan, (the red hills of the province of Binh Thuan, Vietnam), Kouen Louensan (Poulo Condore, Vietnam), the island Pulau Tioman (to the East of the Malaysian peninsula), Dong Zhousan (on the island Aor to the North-east of Singapore).

What would be the route taken by Zheng He to reach Indonesia and the Indian Ocean?
According to Zhang Xie, the author of Dong Xi Yang Kao; there were two routes of communication between China and SEA: the Dongyang route passing by Malacca, Borneo, the Philippines and Formosa and the Xiyang route passing by the coast of Vietnam, Malaysia, Java.

Zheng He, who had reached Sulu, Lucon (the Philippines), and Borneo, took the Dongyang route. As for the Xiyang route, it follows the coast of Vietnam and Champa. The map drawn by Mao Yuanji in the Wu Bei Zhi clearly noted: "After passing Dong Zhousan, cap at 350° then at 15°, the ship reaches Kouen Louensan and passes outside. From the exterior of Kouen Louensan, cap at 25° for 15 geng, the ship arrives in Chi Kansan; then the cap is aimed at 40° then at 15°. From the Lingsan on, the cap is at 355° then at 345° for 5 geng and the ship is facing Yangsiu, then reaches Kiao Peisan. From Kiao Peisan, cap is at 355°for 7 geng and the ship reaches Wailasan, sailing outside. From the interior of Wailasan, cap is at 25° then at 15° for 21 geng and the ship comes to Tou Zhoushan" (translation by Y.Manguin). In brief, even based on documents quoted by Chinese authors, the following remarks can be made:

1. There are about ten books speaking of the maritime route from Guangzhou to the South of the South Sea, or to places named Wanlichangsha, Qianlishitang, etc. But, the cited books not relating to the Xisha and Nansha or the knowledge of the Chinese people about these archipelagoes, are 3-4 times more ample. The reader cannot help asking why so many books cited when they are not necessary for the study? Would it be because of the necessity to pad the history of a question for which convincing documents are still lacking, or to make it impossible for the reader to discern what is right and what is wrong?
The question of the toponyms of the Xisha and the Nansha cannot be settled by unfounded affirmation, by simple deduction that this is the Xisha and the Nansha and that these archipelagoes have been known by the Chinese people from time immemorial and named by them, even the names are those of kings, mandarins, or generals... And if the attribution of names to the archipelagoes and the islands was so early, one cannot understand why the map of China printed in 1935 used the names which are simply phonetic transcriptions of international names (such as Amphitrite, Crescent, Lincoln, Pattle, Dido, Bombay, Triton, Duncan), or the simple translation of international names (such as North Reef, Antilope, West island, etc.) Even the name of the Dongsha archipelago was a phonetic transcription of Pratas, and the Nansha archipelago previously was named Đoàn Sa.

2. All the authors have tried to affirm that the Xisha and the Nansha belong to Hainan to deduce that the Southern end of the Chinese frontier is constituted by the afore-said archipelagoes. But their efforts are contradicted by a great number of other Chinese documents.

The Zhongguo Dilixue Jiaokeshu (Manual of geography of China) compiled in 1905 and published in 1906 says in the chapter Generalities: "In the South at 18°13 latitude North, the terminus being the coast of Yazhou, island of Hainan; in the North at 53°50 latitude North, the terminus being the confluence of the Amour and the Oussouri rivers; in the West at 42°11 longitude East, the farthest end is the mount Tunglinh. From the South to the North, there are over 36° measuring 7,100 li, from the East to the West over 61° measuring over 8,800 li. The area is 32,605,156 square li or 1/4 of Asia, 1/10 of the continents, larger than Europe."

This is in complete conformity with the Hoang Qing Zhi Sheng Xoan Tu, Hoang Chao Yi Tong Yu Di Zong Tu (General map of the unified Empire) under the reign Guangxi (1894); all of them are official maps, which did not represent the Xisha and the Nansha.

In the Guangdong Yu Di Tu of the reign of Guangxi (1897) prefaced by the Governor of the two Guang, Zhang Renjun, there is a map of all the provinces of Guangdong and that of Qiongzhoufu which did not represent any archipelago of the Southern sea, in conformity with the legend saying that the southernmost point of the Chinese territory is constituted by "the mountain outside of the port Yulin, Yazhou 18° 9 10 ."

3. In spite of the scarcity of direct writings, it is believable that the Chinese people have known since remote times that there were coral islands in the Southern sea, because they have for a long time engaged in maritime navigation and fishing. But no writing says that they have occupied any island. However, there is a great difference between discovery and knowledge.

Everyone knows that simple knowledge cannot establish the acquisition of territorial authority. The lengthy discussions on the problem of the priority of discovery, the dispute about Canada between Cabot, who had sailed along the Canadian coasts and Cartier who had explored that country, the rivalry between the Frenchman De Brazza and the Belgian Stanley about the question of the Congo, the convening of the 1885 Berlin Congress to determine the principles and the modalities of occupation of land res nutlius show that discovery alone does not suffice. It must be followed by occupation and the consolidation of that occupation by actual continuous and peaceful performance of state functions.

A State expedition like that of the eunuch Zheng He, having an official title, a powerful armada did not occupy any island in the Bien Dong sea or in the Indian Ocean. What should we say then about the fishermen of Hainan 2000 years ago who could go to sea only when the weather was fine and who had, with greater cause, no possibility to go as far as the islands Nansha of an over 1000km distance from Hainan. In fact, only from the time of the Northern Song (960-1127) on-- could the Chinese use the navigation compass for sea voyages.

Dr. Nguyen Hong Thao/Luu Van Loi
Your comment
 
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What Chinese historical documents say?
VietNamNet Bridge – First of all, China claims sovereignty over Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) islands based on the right of discovery and management.

20110905091409_1.jpg


According to a map, published by the Qing Dynasty in 1894, Chinese territory ended at the Hainan Island.

China’s argument includes: 1) Chinese were the first who discovered these islands and named them; 2) Chinese fishermen explored these islands for thousands of years. This proves China’s sovereignty; 3) China’s sovereignty over the islands is strengthened by archaeological unveils; 4) China has performed its management over these islands for a long time. We will consider argument and historical title of China concerning the Paracel and Spratly islands.

“From the age of Emperor Wu of Han (156 BC), Chinese people began traveling in the South China Sea. After a long time of marine practice, Chinese people discovered the Xisha (Paracel) and Nansha (Spratly) islands,” wrote the Chinese Foreign Ministry’s White Paper dated January 30, 1980, to prove the so-called “China’s indisputable sovereignty over Paracel and Spratly islands.”

The argumentation and the historical title of China concerning the Xisha and the Nansha are founded in the historical writings from the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-265) to the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), especially in the following documents:

- Nan Zhou Yi Wu Zhi (Exotic things of the southern regions) by Wan Zhen (period of the Three Kingdoms) discussing strange things in the Southern countries.
- Fu Nan Zhuan (Account of Funan) by Kang Tai (period of the Three Kingdoms) discussing his ambassadorial mission in Fu Nan.
- Yi Wu Zhi (Exotic things) from the Yang Fu period of the Oriental Han (25-220) discussing exotic things (also of foreign countries).
- Wu Jing Zong Yao (General program of military affairs) by Zeng Gongliang and Ding Du, of the Song dynasty (960-1127), dealing with the military system and important matters relating to national defense.
- Ling Wai Dai Da (Information on what is beyond the passes) by Zhou Chufei, of the Song dynasty (1178), mainly addressing the SEA countries. In the passage about the Sea of Giao Chỉ ancient name of Vietnam) mention is made of the Changsha and the Shitang.
- Zhu Fan Zhi (Notes on foreign countries) by Zhao Juguo, the Song dynasty (1225), describing foreign countries. A passage mentions the Qianli Changsha, Wanli Shitang as landmarks to situate the Hainan Island, such as Champa, Zhenla.
- Dao Ji Zhi Lue (General glimpse of the islands) by Wang Dayuan, the Yuan dynasty (1349), describing the physical geography, climate, riches and customs of about 100 foreign countries. Wanlishitang is treated in a separate chapter, like other regions.
- Dong Xi Yang Kao (Studies on the ocean of the East and the West) by Zhang Xie (1618) and Wu Beizhi (about the seven voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433 in the Southern seas and the Indian Ocean) by MaoYuanli(1628).
- Hai Guo Wen Jian Lu (Things heard and seen in overseas countries) Quing dynasty, by Zhen Lunchiung. Wanli Changsha and Qianli Shitang are mentioned in a passage on Vietnam on the way from Xiamen to Quang Nam (Vietnam).
- Hai Lu (Note on sea voyage) by Yang Bingnan, Qing dynasty (1820) discussing the 99 countries and regions of Europe and America. Wanli Changsha and Qiangli Shitang are mentioned in a passage on Java. The drawing of hemisphere attached to the book contains Changsha, Qiangli Shitang in the SEA region.
- Hai Guo Tu Zhi (Notes on foreign countries and navigation) by Wei Yuan, Qing dynasty (1848).
- Ying Huan Zhi Lue (Brief geography of the globe) by Feng Wenzhang in the reign of Daoguang (1848). Changsha and Qiangli Shitang are marked on the map of SEA and not on that of China.

Taking into account the mentioned books, there must be about 100 of them. The books in subsequent periods of the Song dynasty are more numerous than those of previous ones. Not one of the books directly speaks of the Xisha and the Nansha, and not one speaks of Chinese sovereignty on the Xisha and Nansha islands. A number of books speak of toponyms such as Qianli Changsha, Wanli Shitang, Qiangli Shitang, Jiuruluozhou, which are today considered by Chinese researchers as the Xisha and the Nansha.

For the most part, the mentioned books deal with relations, accounts of voyages, monographs and nautical books concerning countries other than China.

Some of them describe the activities of Chinese fishermen. Some others are written or related into books accounts by persons who have actually made sea travels such as Cinh Cha Zheng Lan, Ying Ya Zheng Lan, by Fei Cin and Ma Huan respectively who participated in the Zheng He expedition in the Southern sea, or Hai Lu,written by Yang Binhnan (period of the Qing) according to the statements of Xie Quinggao (1765-1821), an old Chinese sailor who worked aboard foreign ships and who was knowledgeable about maritime routes and the countries of SEA.

Some others were written by ambassadors to SEA, such as Fu Nan Zhuan (the account of Funan by Kang Tai ambassador to Funan, the geography of Zhenla by Zhou Daguan, Ambassador to Zhenla, the Hai Guo Guang Ji (an account of a voyage by the Ambassador Wu Hui to Champa). The Sui Zhi (History of the Sui) relates the voyage of Ambassador Chang Jun across the Bien Dong (Eastern Sea).

The other books are by people who did not make sea journeys but who reported the "things heard and seen" in the same way as Zhang Xie when he wrote his Dong Xi Yang Kao: by putting questions to people coming from afar whom he met on the wharves (sailors, travellers, etc.).

The Chinese authors evidently studied all the documents more or less relating to the Xisha, but they had to make careful choices, retaining what was right and discarding what was erroneous. It is regrettable that they collected all the found writings without sorting them out, but rather deliberately making deductions or arrangements.

For instance, it is written in the Fu Nan Zhuan: "In the Zhanghai there are coral shoals; under the shoals there are rocks on which corals grow." But Han Zhenhua explains that these are the Xisha and Nansha archipelagoes.

The Ji Wu Zhi simply writes: "The reefs of the Zhanghai are found in shallow waters where there are a lot of magnet stones; the large iron - banded junks of foreign countries cannot pass there." According to Han, Zhanghai is the South China Sea "comprising the islands of the Southern sea" (The South China sea has an area of over 3,400,000 km2; what does the Zhanghai represent?; the totality of the South China Sea or only a part of that sea, and which part?), and the reefs are those of the islands of the Southern Sea.

The Nan Yue Ji Wu Zhi (Strange things of the peoples of the South) of the first century writes: Chinese fishermen captured places, scaled tortoises; the Guang Zhou Ji writes: ancient men found corals while fishing at sea; but Pan Shiing deduces that the Chinese reclaimed and exploited the first islands of the Southern Sea, though these two books speak of the sea in general, not specifying which one.

The Dong Xi Yang Kao writes: Qi Zhou Yang is the maritime zone where the seven islands are found at 100 li (50 km) from Wenchang district. However, it is affirmed that the sea of the Xisha lies several hundreds of kilometers away from Wenchang.

The Zhu Fan Zhi writes: "Hainan was the Yazhou and the Dan Eu of the Han period." But Han Zhenghua affirms in an explanatory note that the name indicates the Hainan Island of today and the islands belonging to the islands of the Southern Sea (underlined by the author), in the clear intention of putting it among the Xisha and the Nansha. In the part reserved for Guangnan donglu (presently Guangdong, the Wu Jing Zong Yao contains a passage on the royal order of the Song to set up sea patrol posts and a passage about the route from Guangzhou to India, but the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has made it into the one and only passage, in order to pretend that the Chinese navy of that time had carried out patrols in the sea of the Xisha.

The Quan Zhou Fu Zhi says that General Wu Sheng himself conducted the patrol, starting from Qiongya and passing by Tonggu, Qizhouyang, Sigensha, making a tour of 3,000 li. According to these toponyms, it was actually a patrol around the island of Hainan (underlined by the author).

But the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has affirmed that General Wu Sheng had made "patrols in the sea of the Xisha." Regarding the names quoted by the books: Jiurulozhou, Wanli Shitang, Wanli Chengsha, Qianli Shitang, Qizhouyang, Qizhousan, the Chinese authors conclude that: Qizhouyang, Qizhousan indicate the Xisha whereas the other names indicate the Dongsha, Zhungsha, Nansha archipelagoes. The names Qizhouyang and Qizhousan are most often quoted in the itineraries from Southern China to Vietnam, Champa and further to the South.

In the Hai Yu, Huang Zhung in the Ming dynasty (1536) writes: "Wanli Shitang is found East of the sea of Wu Zhu and Du Zhu" (Wu Zhu is an island situated to the East of the islands Xiang Chuan, Xia Chuan, district of Wan Ninh, Guang Dong. Du Zhu is an island situated to the South-east of the island of Hainan).

"Wanli Changsha lies to the South-east of Wanli Shitang, i.e. the shoals of sand of the barbarous countries of the South-west". According to the author, Wanli Shitang indicates here "the shoals of sand of the barbarous countries of the South-west." Han Zhenhua, after omitting the words "the barbarous countries of the South-west," affirms that it is the Xisha and the Zhungsha, although, annotating the book Dao Ji Zhi Lue by Wang Dayua, he said that Wanli Shitang indicated all the four archipelagoes Dongsha, Xisha, Zhungsha, Nansha and, annotating the book Song Hui Yao, Song dynasty, he said that Wanli Shitang indicated the Zhungsha archipelago. Even Han Zhenhua does not know exactly what Wanli Shitang designates: Zhungsha, Xisha, or both, or even all four archipelagoes? Han is self-contradictory.

The Zhi Nan Zheng Fa, at the end of the reign of Kang Xi, writes: "If one goes beyond Qizhou and in the direction of the East for seven geng, one will find Wanli Changsha... if one goes to the East, one will one day see the island Weila before the eyes. Going to the East, after seven geng, [one will arrive in] Wanli Shitang."

Presenting the books Shun Feng Siang Sung and Zhi Nan Zheng Fa in 1961, the China Publishing House (Peking) said: "Wanli Shitang: from the Vietnamese port of Xinzhou, one goes towards the islands Hiaobei for seven geng to the North or from the island Weila towards the East, one can also reach Wanli Shitang, i.e. in the North-east of present day Binh Dinh of Vietnam. This is not likely to be the Southern part of the Xisha archipelago. Wanli Changsha: to the South-east of the island of Hainan, only a seven-geng [sail] South of the island Dazhou, is the Northern part of Xisha archipelago."

According to Pan Shiing, the Song had given the Nansha archipelago the name Shitang, Qianlishitang and Wanlishitang. In his turn, he is in contradiction to Han Zhenhua. Groenevelt, the translator of Shibi Zhuan (History of Sibi), the Mongolian general who commanded the expedition of the Yuan against Java in the XIIIth century, estimates that Wanlishitang designates rather the shoal Macclesfield (for Peking, it is the Zhungsha archipelago) which is even now submerged under more than 10m of water. Qianlishitang, Wanlishitang, anlichangsha... In fact, what do these toponyms represent? It seems that Qiangli Changsha is the Xisha (Paracels) and Wanlishitang, the Nansha (Spratly). It is clear that a scientific examination is necessary to correctly conclude the study of these toponyms. And where is Jiurulozhou?

The Wu Jing Zong Yao indicates the itinerary from Tunmensan to India: "From Tunmensan, with an Eastern wind, going towards the South-west for seven days, one will arrive in Jiurulozhou and in three days more, one will reach Pulasan..."

Tunmensan is to the North-west of Jiulong (Hong Kong). Thus, Jiurulozhou is on the route leading to Pulasan (that is to say the island of Cham of Vietnam) and from Tunmensan to Pulasan, it takes 10 days. In the Gu Jin Tu Shu Bian, Zhang Huang the Ming dynasty says that the route from Xiang San (Guangdong) to Champa, Siam passes by Qizhouyang, and it takes 10 days to reach the sea of Vietnam (Wailasan), i.e the island of Cham.

In the Huang Hua Si Da Zhi, Jia Shen (730-805), the Tang dynasty, writes: "From Guangzhou by the maritime route to the South-east one reaches Tunmensan, sailing to the West li 200, one will reach Jiu Luoshi in two days and Xiang Shi in two days more, and Pulasan in three days more to the South-west."

That is to say, from Guangzhou to Pulasan takes nine days. And observing the traditional itinerary of the Chinese, Jiu Luo shi designates the group of seven islands called Qizhou to the North-east of the island of Hainan, and Xiang Shi designates the island Dazhou to the South-east of the same island. Jiurulozhou being three days from Pulasan must be a point between the island of Dazhou and the island of Cham of Vietnam (Pulasan), and on the maritime route along the coast of Hainan towards the South. If Xiang Shi designates the Xisha as Han Zhenhua annotated, it is impossible to make the journey from Tunmensan to Xisha four days by the means of that time.

According to Jia Shen (the Tang), Zeng Gongliang, (the Song), Mat) Yuanji, Zhang Huang, La Rigeng (the Ming), Zhen Lunchiung (the Qing), the route along the coast towards the South, starting from Guangzhou or from Zhejiang, Fujian, is always the same: Tunmensan, the group of seven islands Qizhou, the island of Dazhou or Tou Zhousan, Wailasan (island of Re of Vietnam), the island Yangsiu (Poulo Gambir, Vietnam), Lingsan, Chi Kansan, (the red hills of the province of Binh Thuan, Vietnam), Kouen Louensan (Poulo Condore, Vietnam), the island Pulau Tioman (to the East of the Malaysian peninsula), Dong Zhousan (on the island Aor to the North-east of Singapore).

What would be the route taken by Zheng He to reach Indonesia and the Indian Ocean?
According to Zhang Xie, the author of Dong Xi Yang Kao; there were two routes of communication between China and SEA: the Dongyang route passing by Malacca, Borneo, the Philippines and Formosa and the Xiyang route passing by the coast of Vietnam, Malaysia, Java.

Zheng He, who had reached Sulu, Lucon (the Philippines), and Borneo, took the Dongyang route. As for the Xiyang route, it follows the coast of Vietnam and Champa. The map drawn by Mao Yuanji in the Wu Bei Zhi clearly noted: "After passing Dong Zhousan, cap at 350° then at 15°, the ship reaches Kouen Louensan and passes outside. From the exterior of Kouen Louensan, cap at 25° for 15 geng, the ship arrives in Chi Kansan; then the cap is aimed at 40° then at 15°. From the Lingsan on, the cap is at 355° then at 345° for 5 geng and the ship is facing Yangsiu, then reaches Kiao Peisan. From Kiao Peisan, cap is at 355°for 7 geng and the ship reaches Wailasan, sailing outside. From the interior of Wailasan, cap is at 25° then at 15° for 21 geng and the ship comes to Tou Zhoushan" (translation by Y.Manguin). In brief, even based on documents quoted by Chinese authors, the following remarks can be made:

1. There are about ten books speaking of the maritime route from Guangzhou to the South of the South Sea, or to places named Wanlichangsha, Qianlishitang, etc. But, the cited books not relating to the Xisha and Nansha or the knowledge of the Chinese people about these archipelagoes, are 3-4 times more ample. The reader cannot help asking why so many books cited when they are not necessary for the study? Would it be because of the necessity to pad the history of a question for which convincing documents are still lacking, or to make it impossible for the reader to discern what is right and what is wrong?
The question of the toponyms of the Xisha and the Nansha cannot be settled by unfounded affirmation, by simple deduction that this is the Xisha and the Nansha and that these archipelagoes have been known by the Chinese people from time immemorial and named by them, even the names are those of kings, mandarins, or generals... And if the attribution of names to the archipelagoes and the islands was so early, one cannot understand why the map of China printed in 1935 used the names which are simply phonetic transcriptions of international names (such as Amphitrite, Crescent, Lincoln, Pattle, Dido, Bombay, Triton, Duncan), or the simple translation of international names (such as North Reef, Antilope, West island, etc.) Even the name of the Dongsha archipelago was a phonetic transcription of Pratas, and the Nansha archipelago previously was named Đoàn Sa.

2. All the authors have tried to affirm that the Xisha and the Nansha belong to Hainan to deduce that the Southern end of the Chinese frontier is constituted by the afore-said archipelagoes. But their efforts are contradicted by a great number of other Chinese documents.

The Zhongguo Dilixue Jiaokeshu (Manual of geography of China) compiled in 1905 and published in 1906 says in the chapter Generalities: "In the South at 18°13 latitude North, the terminus being the coast of Yazhou, island of Hainan; in the North at 53°50 latitude North, the terminus being the confluence of the Amour and the Oussouri rivers; in the West at 42°11 longitude East, the farthest end is the mount Tunglinh. From the South to the North, there are over 36° measuring 7,100 li, from the East to the West over 61° measuring over 8,800 li. The area is 32,605,156 square li or 1/4 of Asia, 1/10 of the continents, larger than Europe."

This is in complete conformity with the Hoang Qing Zhi Sheng Xoan Tu, Hoang Chao Yi Tong Yu Di Zong Tu (General map of the unified Empire) under the reign Guangxi (1894); all of them are official maps, which did not represent the Xisha and the Nansha.

In the Guangdong Yu Di Tu of the reign of Guangxi (1897) prefaced by the Governor of the two Guang, Zhang Renjun, there is a map of all the provinces of Guangdong and that of Qiongzhoufu which did not represent any archipelago of the Southern sea, in conformity with the legend saying that the southernmost point of the Chinese territory is constituted by "the mountain outside of the port Yulin, Yazhou 18° 9 10 ."

3. In spite of the scarcity of direct writings, it is believable that the Chinese people have known since remote times that there were coral islands in the Southern sea, because they have for a long time engaged in maritime navigation and fishing. But no writing says that they have occupied any island. However, there is a great difference between discovery and knowledge.

Everyone knows that simple knowledge cannot establish the acquisition of territorial authority. The lengthy discussions on the problem of the priority of discovery, the dispute about Canada between Cabot, who had sailed along the Canadian coasts and Cartier who had explored that country, the rivalry between the Frenchman De Brazza and the Belgian Stanley about the question of the Congo, the convening of the 1885 Berlin Congress to determine the principles and the modalities of occupation of land res nutlius show that discovery alone does not suffice. It must be followed by occupation and the consolidation of that occupation by actual continuous and peaceful performance of state functions.

A State expedition like that of the eunuch Zheng He, having an official title, a powerful armada did not occupy any island in the Bien Dong sea or in the Indian Ocean. What should we say then about the fishermen of Hainan 2000 years ago who could go to sea only when the weather was fine and who had, with greater cause, no possibility to go as far as the islands Nansha of an over 1000km distance from Hainan. In fact, only from the time of the Northern Song (960-1127) on-- could the Chinese use the navigation compass for sea voyages.

Dr. Nguyen Hong Thao/Luu Van Loi
Your comment
Good job. Thank you very much.
If China use his super power on land and sea, maybe, I say, maybe, Vietnamese is concerned a bit. If China use argument, ..ha... ha...sure, China lose 101%.
Chinese, use your big muscle, don't ever never ever use argument...because you have no argument, no reason, no evident, nothing to argue. All of yours are fake one or nonsense.
And when China use muscle to talk, of course, somebody, US for instant, will be very glad to use up her storage of weapon. Vietnamese hate bully-guys and are never afraid to sacrifice ( you've known this very clearly from thousands of years, haven't you )
 
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guys, you dont read Chinese, we read.
Those maps are printed in Chinese or just ordered from China.
copy of Chinese version of the maps in Qing dynasty.

In Ming dynasty, china already exported maps to Europe.
 
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==================

university of oxford has collection of Chinese map mapped in Ming dynasty.
Chin silk of roads had land and water routs. SCS was the water silk road.

20120129100150874.jpg


if you want detail of the map, contact Oxford.
¡¶Ã÷´ú¶«Î÷Ñ󺽺£Í¼¡·¸ÄдÖйúµØͼʷ_¿¼¹Å_¹Å¶*Êղء¢¹ÅÍæÊղء¢¹ÅÍæ¼ø¶¨¡¢¹ÅÍæÅÄÂô¡¢¹ÅÍæÂÛ̳¡¢¹ÅÍæ½»Òס¢¹ÅÍæ¼øÉÍ¡¢¼ø±¦¡¢¹Å¶*¼ø¶¨Æ½Ì¨


there is another page
http://baike.baidu.com/view/19323.htm

=========
again,

some more Chinese document about Ming Dynasty SCS map.
since Chinese at that age, has technology leading the world,
Europe and other countries were greatly affected my China,
around the world had many history documents.

http://203.145.193.110/NSC_INDEX/Journal/EJ0001/9307/9307-07.pdf
 
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Ming maps for the world and water were accurate, those were well known and used by European countries. China also had many earlier maps they were not as great as Ming maps. China keeps in museum as collection.
 
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guys, you dont read Chinese, we read.
Those maps are printed in Chinese or just ordered from China.
copy of Chinese version of the maps in Qing dynasty.

In Ming dynasty, china already exported maps to Europe.

Read my post again, it printed in China about Vietnam 安南国. In the map stating clearly that East Sea òf Vietnam called it 東南海 in chiese. He he. It means: Your ancestors accepted that map of Vietnam included 東南海. Same as we call our sea Bien Dong (East Sea).:meeting:
 
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The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China for 276 years (1368–1644).
Ming was already printing those maps on sale,
you posted a map with age 1820-1841.
how can you prove it was not from China's printer?
or not from Chinese copy. The map was also labeled everything in Chinese, except some later on added characters.

even the one you posted was true(I doubt), that was 500 years after China!!!!!!

=========

Here is another argument,
Vietnam used Chinese as a language, did Vietnam invented Chinese?
if Chinese language was learned and imported from China,
how do you prove no other tech, literature, maps, ids were also imported from China.
you can not copy a Chinese map and make a circle said those islands are yours.
China found them 500 years ago --- if you dont agree found them in 200BC.
 
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I am very proud of my people and my country and I would rather be a Filipino than to be a citizen of a failed state that is harboring and sponsoring terrorism.

Me, too. Just by reading the following:


List of terrorist incidents in the Philippines


1970sDate Dead Injured Location and description
August 21, 1971 9 95+ Main article: 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing
Several explosions occurred during a political campaign rally of the Liberal Party at Plaza Miranda in the district of Quiapo, Manila [7] causing nine deaths and injuring 95 others.[8] As a crowd of about 4,000 gathered to hear speeches, two hand grenades were reportedly tossed on stage.[9] Among those killed instantly were a 5-year-old child and The Manila Times photographer Ben Roxas while many on stage were injured, including incumbent Senator Jovito Salonga, Liberal Party president Gerardo Roxas and Sergio Osmeña, Jr., son of former President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Sergio Osmeña.


[edit] 1980sDate Dead Injured Location and description
April 19, 1981 17 150+ Davao City, Davao
On Easter Sunday, 17 people are killed in a grenade attack during mass on San Pedro cathedral, Davao City, similar to the later 1993 attack.[10]

March 18, 1987 4 38+ Baguio City, Cordillera Administrative Region
A bomb explodes at a military academy in Baguio where President Corazon C. Aquino is scheduled to speak that weekend, killing four people and wounding 38. The explosion happened at 10 A.M. in a specially built grandstand during a rehearsal for the weekend visit, killing at least one civilian. The bomb appeared to have been placed in a roof beam. Some sources suggested that "disgruntled military elements" may have been responsible.[11]


[edit] 1990sDate Dead Injured Location and description
April 4, 1991 2+ unknown Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
Two American evangelists were killed when Abu Sayyaf militants launched a grenade attack in Zamboanga City.[12][13]

August 11, 1991 6 32+ Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
During the last night of the MV Doulos' stop in the port of Zamboanga City two of her foreign crewmembers were killed when a grenade thrown by Abu Sayyaf members[12] exploded on stage during a performance by its Christian missionaries.[14] Four locals were killed[15] and 32 others were injured, including several crew members of the missionary ship.[14]

December 24, 1993 5 48+ Northern Mindanao
On Christmas Eve, unidentified men threw grenades into a street market in the province of Misamis Occidental, killing 5 shoppers and wounding at least 48.[10]

December 27, 1993 6 130+ Davao City, Davao
6 people died and at least 130 more were wounded as attackers tossed three grenades into the packed Roman Catholic San Pedro Cathedral in Davao City.[10] Red Cross officials put the death toll from the attack at 7, but the police confirmed 6 dead.[10] The attack occurred during the main evening Mass when the cathedral was packed with thousands of worshipers. One device exploded by the altar while a fourth device failed to detonate.[10] Eight hours after the attack, suspected Christian militants retaliated by firing two grenades at a Muslim mosque. One exploded, but there were no casualties according to police reports.[10]

April 4, 1995 53 48+ Ipil, Zamboanga Peninsula
At the break of dawn, 200 heavily-armed members of Abu Sayyaf entered the town of Ipil and gunned down 53 people, robbed banks, plundered stores, took 30 hostages as human shields, and then burned the centre of the town to the ground.[16] The town's Chief of Police was reportely killed in the attack and close to a billion pesos were looted from eight commercial banks.[17] Army commandos pursued some rebel gunmen in nearby mountains while officials said that the rebels were looting farms and seizing civilians as "human shields" as they fled the town of 50,000 people.[18] About 40 rebels, who may have taken hostages, were cornered in a school compound west of Ipil on the 6th of April when an elite army unit attacked. In the fighting that followed, the television station GMA reported, 11 civilians were killed.[18]

January 3, 1999 10 74+ Jolo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Abu Sayyaf militants lob a grenade into a crowd that had gathered to watch firefighters put out a blaze in a neighborhood supermarket in Jolo, killing 10 people and injuring 74 more.[16] This was an apparent revenge attack for the killing of Abu Sayyaf leader Abdurazzak Janjalani by police in December the previous year.[16]

February 14, 1999 6 unknown Basilan, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Abu Sayyaf members open fire on a Jeep full of Christians from Tumahubong, Basilan, on their way to a seminar in Isabela City. Some of the victims were hacked with bolos. Six were killed in the ambush.[12]


[edit] 2000Date Dead Injured Location and description
February 25 41 100+ Ozamis City, SOCCSKSARGEN
A large incendiary bomb exploded aboard a bus on the ferry Lady Mediatrix[19] as it crossed Pangil Bay to Ozamis City in Mindanao, killing up to 41 people,[20] though police initially confirmed only 26 deaths.[21] Dozens more were injured and at least 50 badly burnt passengers were taken to local hospitals.[19] Witnesses said the bomb exploded as the ferry was about 20 yards from the pier at Ozamis[19] and that people on the ferry, which was carrying 20 vehicles, jumped into the sea in panic after the blast.[19] A second bomb went off at about the same time, in another bus owned by the same company at Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte province, injuring at least four people, police said.[19]

May 3, 2000 - June 6, 2003[12] 0 unknown, allegedly several[22] On May 3, 2000, Abu Sayyaf guerillas occupied the Malaysian dive resort island Sipadan and took 21 hostages, including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers - 19 non-Filipino nationals in total. The hostages were taken to an Abu Sayyaf base in Jolo, Sulu.[12]
Two Muslim Malaysians were released soon after, however Abu Sayyaf made various demands for the release of several prisoners, including 1993 World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef, $2.4 million and a complete withdrawal of government troops from the area around Jolo where they were holding the hostages.[22] At one point the rebels were reported to have demanded a ransom of $2 million for the release of an ailing German tourist among their captives.[23] In July, a Filipino television evangelist and 12 of his crew offered their help and went as mediators for the relief of other hostages. They, three French television crew members and a German journalist, all visiting Abu Sayyaf on Jolo, were also taken hostage.[22][24] Most hostages were released between August and September, 2000,[24] partly due to mediation by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and an offer of $25 million in "development aid".[24] One hostage reported other female captives being raped.[22] Abu Sayyaf conducted a second raid on the island of Pandanan near Sipadan on September 10 and seized three more Malaysians.[25] The Philippine army launched a major offensive on September 16, 2000, rescuing all remaining hostages, except Filipino dive instructor Roland Ullah. He was eventually freed in 2003.[12]

May 18 5 70+ Jolo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
On Jolo Island three grenades were thrown into a public market, killing up to four and wounding more than 40.[26] At around the same time, in Zamboanga City, one person was killed and more than 30 wounded when a crude time bomb exploded in a crowded bakery-cafe opposite a police station.[23][26] Both devices exploded at around 3:30pm.[23] The Jolo police chief quoted witnesses as saying that three men lobbed grenades from the second floor of the market, two exploded in a rice stall and the third in a crowded alley.[23]

May 21 1 17+ Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila
A janitor dies and 17 others are injured as a bomb explodes outside an SM Megamall cinema toilet in Mandaluyong City at around 4:30p.m. Several others were apparently injured during a stampede as smoke filled the mall.[27]

July 16 2 33 Kabacan, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb explodes in a crowded public market in the town of Kabacan on Mindanao, killing at least two people and injuring 33. The explosion during Sunday morning, on the main shopping day of the predominantly Christian town, was caused by a device improvised from an 81 millimeter mortar shell, stated military sources. Many of the wounded were hospitalized in a serious condition, while the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is suspected of planting the weapon.[28]

July 31 3 36 Monkayo, Davao Region
Three people were killed and 36 others wounded when an unidentified man threw an improvised explosive device at a crowd in the GM Jumping Horse carnival grounds, near the municipal health office of Monkayo, Compostela Valley. Two people were killed at the scene, while a third victim died due to loss of blood after being taken to hospital. Thirty-six others were hurt by shrapnel and a stampede following the blast, according to a regional police spokesman. No one claimed responsibility for the attack, but the military stated investigators did not rule out the involvement of either communist rebels or Muslim separatist guerrillas.[29]

December 30 22 120+ Main article: Rizal Day bombings
During the Rizal Day national holiday, a series of explosions occurred in five locations around Metro Manila within the span of an hour, leaving 22 dead and around 120 others with non fatal injuries.[30][31][32]

One bomb exploded at Plaza Ferguson in Malate, Manila, less than a hundred meters from the United States Embassy.[30]
A second bomb detonated at a gasoline station in the Makati central business district. The target was a gasoline station along EDSA, across the street from the Dusit Hotel in Makati. Two policemen, members of the local bomb squad, died as a result of this explosion.[30]
The cargo handling area of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) was also targeted with at least one explosive device.[30]
Another explosive device was detonated inside a bus traveling along the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) while the bus was en-route in the Cubao area of Quezon City. One passenger was killed while several others were injured.[30]
The explosion that claimed the most casualties occurred in a train cab at the Blumentritt station of the Metro Manila Light Rail Transit.[30] More than ten passengers were killed and many dozen injured.[30]


[edit] 2001Date Dead Injured Location and description
May 27, 2001 - June 7, 2002 40+ Many Main article: Dos Palmas kidnappings
The Dos Palmas kidnappings was a hostage crisis in the southern Philippines that began with the seizing of twenty hostages from an upscale island resort on Palawan by Abu Sayyaf members on the 27th of May, 2001, and resulted in the deaths of at least 5 of the original hostages, including the two American citizens Guillermo Sobero - who was beheaded on June 12 - and Martin Burnham.[33] At least 22 soldiers were killed in attempts to apprehend the captors and free the hostages in the 12 months following the initial hostage taking.[34] A unknown number of captors died also.

During the crisis the number of those taken captive varied greatly as more hostages were seized in numerous raids on the island of Basilan, including two on the town of Lamitan; on 2 June to occupy a church and hospital compound and take numerous captives,[35][35] and a second on 2 August where suspected Abu Sayyaf militants captured 35 villagers, beheading 10 of them.[36] Four children, including two 12 year-olds, were also among 15 hostages taken from the coconut plantation in the Lantawan area of Basilan in June.[37] Therefore a total of those taken prisoner at some point may be impossible to determine, however news reports suggest at least 100 hostages were taken and around 20 murdered in just over a year up until the final assault resulting in the freeing of Gracia Burnham and killing of Martin Burnham and Filipina nurse Ediborah Yap on June 7, 2002.[33]

October 29 11 60+ Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
At least 11 people were killed and scores injured when a bomb exploded at a restaurant in a crowded plaza in Zamboanga City.[38][39] The bomb, believed to be a homemade device, exploded at a barbecue grill in the plaza of the Zamboanga Puericulture Centre beside the city's largest shopping mall.[38] The military previously warned that the Abu Sayyaf group, which was holding two Americans and nine Filipinos in the nearby island of Basilan at that time, might stage attacks and bombings to divert the attention of pursuing military and police forces.[39]


[edit] 2002Date Dead Injured Location and description
April 20 15 55+ General Santos, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb exploded outside a busy department store in General Santos, killing 15 people.[12] Two other bombs went off in quick succession near a radio station and a bus terminal also in General Santos. The series of blasts injured at least 55 people, while the dead included four children. Police said they received an anonymous call claiming 18 bombs had been planted around the largely Christian city of 800,000 people in the predominantly Muslim south. Earlier in the year the so called Indigenous People's Federal Army had planted more than a dozen fake bombs in the area, saying they would use real bombs if their demands were not met. Police later arrested two men, members of a Muslim extremist group, based on the description from witnesses who saw one of the men place the small, homemade bomb outside the Fit Mart department store in the mall.[40] Abu Sayyaf claimed responsibility for the incident.[12]

October 2 ~4 24+ Main article: 2002 Zamboanga bombing
A bomb blast in front of a karaoke bar near a military arms depot[12] in Zamboanga City kills an American Green Beret commando and three Filipino civilians. At least 25 other people, one of them another American trooper, were wounded in the blast.[41] Investigators were looking at the possibility of a suicide attack as the rider of a motorcycle where the explosives were rigged was among the fatalities.[41] A military intelligence report said the attack was staged by a "four-man urban terrorist group" of the Abu Sayyaf which has been linked to al-Qaeda.[41]

October 10 ~8 26+ Kidapawan City, SOCCSKSARGEN
A powerful homemade bomb exploded in a crowded bus station in Kidapawan City, North Cotabato, killing up to eight people and wounding 26 others.[42] Kidapawan police said two of the fatalities died instantly, while the others died undergoing treatment in local hospitals.[42] One of the fatalities was an un-identified child. The spokesman for the Army's 6th Infantry Division, said the explosion occurred at around 3 p.m. as passengers and bystanders crowded the Weena Bus terminal in Kidapawan.[42] Initial investigation reports said the explosive device was placed under a concrete bench near the ticketing booth and fashioned from incendiary chemicals mixed with nails and shredded cast iron, and rigged with a battery-operated, time-delayed blasting device.[42] Other reports said it was a grenade used.[43] The management of Weena had earlier received a letter from an extortion ring of a local gang, demanding protection money.[42]

October 17 7 150+ Main article: 2002 Zamboanga bombing
Two TNT bombs exploded inside a shopping center in Zamboanga City, killing seven[44] and wounding about 150 people.[45] Two department stores were devastated in the attack; the first blast occurred at 11:30 a.m. at the Shop-o-Rama department store and was followed a half hour later by a second explosion at the adjacent Shoppers Central store.[45] Police Chief Mario Yanga said the bombs were deposited at counters where shoppers leave packages as they enter.[45]

October 17 3 30+ Quezon City, Metro Manila
A bomb exploded in the rear of a bus as it was travelling through Quezon City, killing 3 and wounding around 30 others.[46] The explosion ripped off its roof and sent debris flying 20–30 metres. Earlier a grenade exploded in the Makati financial district though no-one was injured.[47]

October 21 1 18+ Main article: 2002 Zamboanga bombing
A Philippine Marine guarding the church was killed and 18 others wounded after a bomb in bag left at a candle store exploded at Fort Pilar,[44] a Catholic shrine in Zamboanga City.[48]

December 24 13 12 Datu Piang, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A bomb exploded during a party for the Mayor of the town of Datu Piang, Maguindanao, killing 13, including the mayor Saudi Ampatuan. The explosion took place outside his home, injuring 12 others.[49] Authorities checked a possible link between the explosion and a gun battle at a disco the weekend before which involved feuding political families. A brother of Mayor Ampatuan and four others died in the skirmish and eight other people were injured.[49]

December 31 ~10 32+ Tacurong City, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb blast next to a fireworks stall in a Tacurong City market at around 8 p.m. on New Years Eve kills at least 10 people and injures up to 32 others.[50] The explosive used may have either been a 60mm mortar shell or a grenade.[51] Witnesses said about 50 customers were at the stall buying firecrackers when the blast occurred at the city's busy square. Four people died instantly, including the 14-year-old, an army spokesman reported.[50]


[edit] 2003Date Dead Injured Location and description
March 4 21 146+ Davao City, Davao
In the so called Davao International Airport bombing a homemade bomb exploded at the waiting shed fronting the Davao International Airport at around 5:25 p.m, killing at least 21 and wounding at least 146. Airport personnel said the bomb exploded just as passengers of Cebu Pacific from Manila were deplaning. Among the victims were taxi drivers, airport porters, vendors, those sheltering from a tropical downpour while waiting for relatives and friends to arrive.[52] An American missionary was killed while two other US nationals sustained injuries. The wounded Americans were identified as members of a Southern Baptist missionary family: Barbara Stevens, 33, her nine-month-old son, Nathan, and William Hyde, said to have multiple injuries.[53] A boy, a girl, seven women and 10 men were among the other deceased.[52] The waiting shed faces directly the arrivals section of the airport and the explosion ripped portion of its roof and shattered the glass windows on the first and second floors of the arrivals area across the street.[54] In response to the bombing PAL announced it was suspending its Davao-Manila flights for the next day. American and Australian experts are helping Philippine investigators examine the airport bombing.[55] The waiting shed blast was the worst in the history of the city in terms of victims, surpassing even the 1981 and 1993 attacks on San Pedro Cathedral.

April 2 17 70+ Davao City, Davao
At least 17 people were killed when a bomb exploded near a barbecue stand in a row of food stalls by the Sasa wharf ferry terminal in Davao City.[56] Witnesses said a nun, four policemen, several vendors and a number of children were among those killed in the blast, while the military said more than 40 people[55] or up to sixty people were injured.[56] The government blamed the largest of four Muslim separatist groups for the attack, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, though the group strongly denied responsibility and called for the killers to be brought to justice. The Sasa Wharf bomb may have been meant for a ferry that had just landed at the Davao port.[56]

April 23 4 ~9 Carmen, SOCCSKSARGEN
Suspected MILF rebels attack a minibus in Carmen town, killing four people and wounding a further nine. A military spokesman stated that the four killed in the Carmen bus attack were a government official, Dionisio Villaver, his son and their two security escorts, apparently targeted as Villaver had supported a military offensive against the rebels. The minibus hit a landmine, and was thrown onto its side, after which MILF forces blasted the vehicle with rocket-propelled grenades and rifle fire.[57]

April 24 13 20+ Lanao del Norte, Northern Mindanao
A Super 5 bus driver and a female passenger were killed when suspected MILF members fired upon and seized a bus after it failed to halt at a rebel checkpoint in Kulambugan town, Lanao del Norte.[58] At least 10 passengers were wounded and several taken hostage in the neaby town.[59] Though the number of hostages taken in the Kolambugan attack could not be independently confirmed, sources stated four policemen were also held hostage after the rebels overran their outpost.[57]

A statement from the commanding officer of the 401st Infantry Brigade reported that 11 civilians were also killed when several dozen MILF guerrilas attacked a fish car in Maigo at around 5:30 a.m. on the 25th, after it too failed to halt at an improvised rebel checkpoint.[58] Another 8 persons were also wounded by gunfire on the fish car travelling to Libertad, Misamis Oriental.[58] The commander also stated MILF forces allegedly flagged down several buses in the village of Kulasian but it was unknown if they took some of the passengers as hostages.[59] The traffic in Maigo had reportedly been halted after the rebels destroyed several bridges on the highway.[57]

May 9 10 42+ Koronadal City, SOCCSKSARGEN
An explosion in a public market in the southern city of Koronadal kills ten people and wounds 42 others.[60][61] The bomb, reportedly made from an 81-millimeter mortar shell, exploded in a busy shopping street and authorities believe two suspected bombers, including one seen setting down a package containing the device, may have been among those killed.[62] The attack followed a breakdown in peace talks between the government and a Muslim rebel group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. While the government immediately blamed the group, a MILF spokesman told Reuters it had nothing to do with the bombing.[63] Two were arrested in early 2004 as suspects for the bombing, though several people, including the wife of one suspect, claimed they were arrested without any warrant.[60]

October 3 3 ~30 Midsayap, SOCCSKSARGEN
At least three people were killed and as many as 30 wounded as an unidentified man hurls grenades into mosque inside the compound of the Government's National Irrigation Administration in the town of Midsayap amid Friday prayers, on the island of Mindanao, police said. Among the fatalities was Ismael Datu Kali, an Islamic preacher presiding over the prayers and regional irrigation director who died of his wounds on the way to the hospital.[64]

October 5 5 1 Tawi-Tawi, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Six workers - Filipino and Indonesian nationals - are abducted from the Borneo Paradise Resort in Sabah, Malaysia, by suspected Abu Sayyaf fighters and brought to Tawi-Tawi island in the western Philippines.[65][66] The kidnappers had demanded 60 million Malaysian ringgits in exchange for the safe release of the 6 hostages, according to Malaysian officials.[67] One worker reportedly escaped while the other five were allegedly killed in a shooting incident outside the town of Languyan on Tawi-Tawi around October 27, despite later reports that the hostages were alive.[66]


[edit] 2004Date Dead Injured Location and description
January 4 ~24 87+ Parang, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A homemade explosive device attached to a motorcycle parked in front of a gymnasium detonated during a basketball game in Parang, on Mindanao Island, killing at least ten people[68] and possibly up to 24 people.[69][70] At least eighty-seven others were injured, including two police and the target, the city's mayor.[68] Witnesses said the spectators were mostly teenagers. Authorities believe the attack was an attempt to assassinate the Christian town mayor, Vivencio Bataga, who was giving a speech at the gymnasium in the town.[68] This was the fourth attempt on Bataga's life in the previous year as unidentified men had earlier fired a rocket-propelled grenade that missed Bataga's vehicle, and in April 2003 a bomb exploded while he was in a public market.[68]

February 26 116 many, unknown Main article: 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing
A large explosion caused the sinking of SuperFerry 14 and the deaths of 116 people in the Philippines' worst terrorist attack. The 10,192-ton ferry sailed out of Manila for Cagayan de Oro City via Bacolod City and Iloilo City with about 900 passengers and crew. A television set containing an 8-pound (3.6 kilograms) TNT bomb had been placed on board in the lower, more crowded decks.[71][72]

An hour after its 11 p.m. sailing, just off El Fraile island,[72] an explosion tore through SuperFerry 14, starting a fire that engulfed the ship and caused the confirmed deaths of 63 people, while another 53 were reported missing and presumed dead.[71] Six children less than five years old, and nine children between six and 16 years of age were among the dead or missing, including six students on a championship team sent by schools in northern Mindanao to compete in a journalism contest.[72] Despite claims from various terrorist groups, the blast was initially thought to have been an accident, caused by a gas explosion. However, after divers righted the ferry, five months after it sank, they found evidence of a bomb blast. A man named Redondo Cain Dellosa, a Rajah Sulaiman Movement member, confessed to planting a bomb, triggered by a timing device, on board for the Abu Sayyaf guerrilla group.[71] He held a ticket on the ferry for bunk 51B, where the bomb was placed, and disembarked before the ship's departure.[72]

December 12 14 64+ General Santos, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb exploded in a public market in South Dadiangas, General Santos City, killing fourteen people and wounding up to 70 others.[73] The market in the predominantly Christian city of 500,000 people had been packed with Christmas shoppers at the time of the explosion.[74] A week prior to the event, an anonymous source claimed that a group associated with Al-Ghozi (a member of Jemaah Islamiyah) threatened to burn the market in retaliation for the death of one of its members. However, Philippine police initially suggested the bombing was the result of a feud between rival groups over a market stall.[74] Soon after the bombing, military intelligence sources concluded that Jemaah Islamiyah was responsible for the bombing and was working with Abu Sayyaf to bomb other targets on Mindanao Island. Police arrested five suspects in the bombing.[75] Another four rebels were arrested in June 2005, including Uztadz Norodin Mangelen, the leader and alleged local JI representative of the group thought responsible for this attack and another in March 2003 against the Davao airport.


[edit] 2005Date Dead Injured Location and description
February 14 8 100+ In the so called Valentine's Day bombings, three bomb attacks took place in Makati City, Davao City and General Santos, killing up to 8 people and injuring dozens, possibly up to 150.[76][77]
The first blast took place at around 6:30 p.m, at a stand for three-wheel pedicabs about 30 meters away from the Gaisano Mall in General Santos, killing at least three people and wounding around 33 others.[76] The PNP stated the bomb had been stashed in a bag.
A 12-year-old boy also died when another bomb exploded almost simultaneously at a bus terminal in Davao City, Davao, injuring five others.[76]
The third bombing was reported soon afterward on a bus along the busy highway of EDSA in the financial district of Makati, Metro Manila, just below the station for an elevated train and near the Intercontinental Hotel.[76] Three people died instantly, while 74 others were injured as the bomb ripped through the bus during rush hour at around 7:50 p.m, also setting two nearby buses on fire.[76] Dozens were treated for serious burns, including passengers of the two other buses.[77] Earlier in the day, five explosive devices containing TNT were defused after they were found in front of a building in San Martín de Porres, Parañaque City.
Abu Sayyaf claimed responsibility for the bombing in retaliation for a military offensive launched by government troops in early 2005. An Indonesian national and two Filipino members of the Abu Sayyaf group were sentenced to death in connection with the Valentine's Day bombings in October 2005. During the five-month trial, one of the witnesses – a bus conductor – identified the two Filipino accused as the passengers who left the bus in a hurry shortly before the blast in Makati.[78]

April 21 1 unknown Piagapo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Armed men abducted 19 people, most of them female university students, in the island of Mindanao. The local anti-terrorism task force chief reported the suspects boarded a mini-bus carrying the students and later commandeered it near the town of Piagapo. While twenty-two passengers were initially taken, three were later let go.[79] As the joint force of Philippine Marines and police caught up with the kidnap group and their hostages in Gakap, 8 hours after the abduction, a firefight ensued, killing one policeman identified as Edris Sultan. All hostages were rescued unharmed reported police officials.[80]

August 28 4 30+ Lamitan City, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
At least 30 people were severely injured, mostly from third-degree burns, after a homemade bomb left near the canteen at the rear of the ferry MV Dona Ramona exploded and engulfed the lower deck in fire as it sat at Lamitan wharf, Basilan, 15 minutes before it was scheduled to sail.[81] Over the coming month, four people, including several children, would succumb to their injuries in hospital.[82]


[edit] 2006Date Dead Injured Location and description
February 2 6 6+ Patikul, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Muslim extremists killed at least six people on a farm in Patikul, a small town on Sulu Island, near Jolo. Abu Sayyaf gunmen opened fire on a group of people, killing a 9-month-old Melanie Patinga and seriously wounding a three-year old boy and five others. Also killed were Emma and Pedro Casipong, Itting Pontilla and Selma Patinga. According to eyewitnesses the attack was motivated by religion, as survivors told military investigators that the attackers asked them for their religion, soon after opening fire on the Christians.[83]

March 27 9 20+ Jolo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A homemade bomb explodes inside a convenience store owned by a Church-run cooperative in downtown Jolo[84] on Sulu Island, killing 9 and severely injuring 20 more.[84] Security officials said the blast ripped through the Sulu Consumer's Cooperative Store around 1:15 p.m, the explosion so powerful that it totally destroyed the facade of the building and threw debris across the street.[85] Those killed were mostly Muslim and employees.[84] The blast coincided with the government operation against Abu Sayyaf militants.[85]

June 23 6 9+ Shariff Aguak, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Six people were killed in a blast in Shariff Aguak town as a bomb, planted in a van parked in front of a public market, exploded at around 7 a.m. while Maguindanao Governor Datu Andal Ampatuan's six-vehicle convoy was passing by.[86] Senior Superintendent Akmad Mamalinta stated one of the vehicles in the governor's 10-vehicle convoy was also destroyed, killing two aides, a niece and a close friend of Ampatuan. A fifth fatality was a nephew of Maguindanao Congressman Simeon Datumanong, while a male passerby injured in the blast died later in hospital.[87]

October 10 2 4+ Main article: 2006 Central Mindanao bombings
A bomb exploded in a public market in Tacurong City, a predominantly Christian agricultural region in Sultan Kudarat, killing two women and injuring at least 4 others.[88] A guard reportedly found the bomb in a bag filled with packets of corn chips and attempted to remove it from a crowd before it exploded, preventing more casualties.[88] The bomb was described as being formed from a mortar round and remotely triggered by cell phone, however it apparently went off prematurely.[88]

October 10 6 42+ Main article: 2006 Central Mindanao bombings
A bomb exploded at around 8 p.m. in front of the town hall of Makilala town in the southern part of North Cotabato province, killing 6[89] and injuring at least 42 others.[90] The bomb exploded nearby a row of commercial stalls and a carnival during celebrations of Makilala's founding anniversary. Quoting witnesses, the North Cotabato Provincial Police Chief stated an unidentified man carrying a plastic bag was seen visiting a stall selling alcohol in a crowded area along a highway, the explosion occurred minutes later.[88] The powerful explosion destroyed a row of stalls, two motorcycle taxis and left a deep crater in the asphalt road, the Police Chief said. The following day, another bomb was defused by the authorities nearby.[91]


[edit] 2007Date Dead Injured Location and description
January 10 7 27+ Three bombs exploded in cities across SOCCSKSARGEN, Mindanao, ahead of the ASEAN summit held in Manila, killing a total of 7 and injuring at last 27.[92]
The first explosion destroyed a stand selling lottery tickets across the street from a public market in General Santos City. Three people died instantly and another three succumbed to their injuries, with two children among the dead while another 22 were wounded.[92]
The second explosion occurred in Kidapawan City, about 65 miles north of General Santos City, as an improvised bomb placed near the fence of a police outpost along the national highway exploded, injuring two male passers-by.[92]
The third blast at a dumpsite along a major street in Cotabato City injured up to 5 and appeared to be from an improvised bomb, although it could also have been a grenade.[92]

May 8 8 33+ Tacurong City, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb exploded in a crowded billiard hall and passenger terminal in Tacurong City killing 8 and causing thirty-three others serious shrapnel and burn wounds.[93] The blast occurred around 4:50 p.m. at a corner across from a restaurant where election officials, candidates and military officers were meeting ahead of May 14 balloting.[94] Authorities described the explosive used as either TNT or gelignite, similar to that of improvised explosive device recovered and defused on April 29, and that there were indications that the attack had been caried out by local JI recruits.[94]

May 18 3 ~37 Cotabato City, SOCCSKSARGEN
Five-year-old Adril Watangao and two adults are killed and up to 37 other people are injured when a bomb, probably laid by Islamic extremists, explodes in a Weena bus terminal in Cotabato City, in the Mindanao region. About half of the casualties were children.[95]

November 13 6 11 Main article: Batasang Pambansa bombing
A vehicle bomb explodes at around 20:15 p.m. near the south lobby of the main building of the Philippine House of Representatives killing six people, including congressman Wahab Akbar, two congressional aides, and two congressional staffers. Another congressman, Henry Teves, was taken to the hospital in a critical condition and representative Luzviminda Ilagan was hospitalised.[96] According to the police, a total of thirteen people, many of them congressional staff members, were hurt in the explosion that left a three-foot crater and several injured succumbed to their injuries later in hospital.[97]

Police suspect an improvised explosive device was left in a motorcycle parked near Rep. Ilangan's car and was remotely detonated, as the explosion occurred immediately after the suspension of the session at 8:05 p.m. though the authorities could not immediately describe the type of explosive.[97] A spokesman for Akbar suggested that the attack was directed at the congressman, as Akbar and his family have ruled Basilan, an island in the south notorious as a base for the Abu Sayyaf terrorist group, for decades.[96]


[edit] 2008Date Dead Injured Modusoperandi Location and description
May 29 2 ~21 Improvised Explosive Device Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
Two people were killed and up to 21 injured in a bomb attack outside a Philippine Air Force base where US soldiers, training local troops in anti-terrorism warfare, maintain a small camp in Zamboanga City. The blast coincided with sporadic fighting between Muslim rebels and soldiers in nearby Basilan island and the damaged building also houses the headquarters of Zamboanga City Representative Maria Isabelle Climaco. Reports said the bomb, hidden in a bag, was apparently left outside the building where a crowd of passengers, mostly military dependents, were waiting for a C130 transport plane that would take them to Manila. No group claimed responsibility for the attack though military officials are eyeing the possible involvement of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.[98]

July 24 3 ~24 Improvised Explosive Device Digos City, Davao
A bomb exploded onboard a Metro Shuttle Bus parked at a terminal while on its way to Davao City from Bansalan, killing 3 people and injuring 24 others.[99] The mobile phone-activated bomb was placed inside a bag and exploded 10 minutes after it reached the Digos City Overland Terminal. Four of the injured victims were taken to the Davao Medical Center in critical condition and a four-year-old boy was among those hit by shrapnel.[99] In response police and military checkpoints were established in and around Davao City.

July 29 4 unknown Small arms fire Malabang, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Armed men stopped a mini-bus and murdered four Christian male passengers execution-style in Lanao del Sur, while a fifth male passenger was unaccounted for, likely abducted. The bus was carrying about 15 people when it was stopped near Malabang, an area under MILF control. Several passengers were robbed however the women were allowed to leave unharmed; four of the five men were dragged into a forest and shot in the head at close range.[100]

September 1 7 34+ Improvised Explosive Device Digos City, Davao
A powerful explosion on board a passenger bus kills at least 7 and wounds around 34. Witnesses described the powerful blast nearly tearing off the roof of the bus as it sat in the terminal.[101] Investigators believe a woman left the explosive device on the bus[102] and connect the blast to al-Khobar, an extortionist group that had threatened the bus company the week before the attack and who has carried out similar attacks in the past few years. The group is believed to have loose ties to various insurgent groups, such as Abu Sayyaf.[101]

November 2 5 unknown Small arms fire Linamon, Northern Mindanao
Suspected Christian vigilantes ambush a group of Muslim picnickers on Sunday, killing five, including a number of children. Mohagher Iqbal, a senior Moro Islamic Liberation Front leader, said the attack occurred at around 5 p.m. in the coastal town of Linamon in Lanao del Norte province and identified the perpetrators as Ilagas. He said the victims came from a picnic at a beach in Linamon and were heading home to Magsaysay town when an unknown number of gunmen attacked the civilians.[103]

December 18 3 ~45 Improvised Explosive Device Iligan City, Northern Mindanao
Twin blasts, in separate upscale malls in the main financial district in Aguinaldo Street in Iligan City, kill up to 3 people and hospitalize at least forty-five more.[104] Two crude, improvised bombs placed in bags exploded and damaged the Unicity Commercial Center at approximately 1:30 p.m. and the nearby Jerry's Shoppers Plaza around 5 to 20 minutes later.[104][105] The mall blasts occurred a day before President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had a scheduled visit to the city, her maternal hometown. At least three people were also wounded in the bombings of two budget hotels - the Traveler's Inn and the Caprice Lodge – in Iligan City the month prior.[104]


[edit] 2009Date Dead Injured Modusoperandi Location and description
February 16 0 5 Improvised Explosive Device Maitum, SOCCSKSARGEN
An improvised explosive device detonated in front of a government building housing a gymnasium in Maitum, injuring five people.[106]

March 4 0 4 Improvised Explosive Device Cotabato, SOCCSKSARGEN
An improvised explosive device exploded at a hostel in Cotabato popular with foreign tourists, damaging four rooms and injuring two people.[107]

April 4 2 8+ Improvised Explosive Device Isabela City, Zamboanga Peninsula
A blast near a popular fastfood chain in Isabela City kills two people and wounds eight others. The explosion, about 100 metres from a Roman Catholic cathedral and a popular fastfood chain, was believed to have been caused by a crude bomb. "Most of the victims were waiting for a ride home near the restaurant", stated a police spokesman, adding no one had claimed responsibility for the attack.[108]

April 26 1 3+ Improvised Explosive Device Lebak, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb exploded at a popular Lebak town beach resort in the province of Sultan Kudarat. One person died in the blast and at least three others were injured.[109]

May 21 3 5 Small arms fire Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
Three civilians were killed and five others wounded after unidentified gunmen on a motorcycle or motorcycles ambushed their truck shortly before 3 p.m. in Victoria village, east of Zamboanga City.[110]

June 3 2 4+ Improvised Explosive Device Cotabato, SOCCSKSARGEN
An unarmed Filipino soldier and a civilian were killed in an explosion that also injured four unarmed soldiers outside Cotabato City.[111]

July 5 6 45+ Improvised Explosive Device Main article: July 2009 Mindanao bombings
A bomb exploded at approximately 8:50 a.m. in Cotabato City near a lechón food stall across the street from the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception during Sunday Mass as a military truck drove by,[112][113] killing five people and injuring up to 55 more.[114] The dead included at least one member of the Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit[112] a street food vendor, and a three-year-old boy.[113] Five soldiers were injured in the explosion.[113] A sixth victim, an injured infant, died later in hospital.[115]

According to a Philippine Army spokesman the bomb consisted of a mortar shell and was detonated remotely by mobile phone.[113] Witnesses reported that the cathedral did not sustain significant damage.[116] The military laid the blame for the bombing on rogue elements of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front,[112][117] however, the group denied that they carried out the attack.[117] The attack drew condemnation from the Roman Catholic Church, including from Pope Benedict XVI, Philippine government officials, and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.[112][118][119]

July 7 6 40+ Improvised Explosive Device Main article: July 2009 Mindanao bombings
In Jolo on the island of Sulu,[120] an improvised explosive device (IED) placed "inside" a motorcycle detonated in downtown Jolo at 7:55 a.m. outside a hardware store, killing six people.[120] The store's owner was one of the fatalities. Approximately 40 people were injured in the explosion.[115][120] It exploded about 100 metres (330 ft)[120] from the Mount Carmel Church[121] and, according to the authorities, police discovered two other unexploded devices within a similar radius around the church.[120]

July 7 0 7+ Improvised Explosive Device Main article: July 2009 Mindanao bombings
Approximately two to three hours after the blast in Jolo,[115][120] a bomb exploded in Iligan City on Mindanao in a car parked near a pawnshop, injuring between seven and thirteen people (including up to three soldiers),[115] but causing no deaths.[115] The bomb exploded next to a Philippine Army "mini-cruiser".

September 29 3 2 Improvised Explosive Device Sulu, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A roadside bomb in the hinterlands of the Sulu province killed two US Navy members and a Philippine Marines soldier, two other Filipino troops were injured.[122]

October 20 1 21+ Improvised Explosive Device Marawi City, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A man died and 21 others were injured after a bomb planted inside the city hall in Marawi exploded. The blast happened during a voter registration at the Marawi City hall.[123]

December 5 1 5 Improvised Explosive Device Sulu, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A cell-phone triggered improvised bomb explosion leveled a police station in Jolo, Sulu and greatly damaged a municipal jail, killing one and injuring 5.[124]


[edit] 2010Date Dead Injured Modus operandi Location and description
January 21 0 1 Improvised explosive device Lamitan City, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
In Lamitan City, suspected Abu Sayyaf militants detonated a bomb near the house of a Basilan province mayor, injuring one teenager.[125]

February 27 1 4+ Improvised explosive device Parang, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A 12-year-old boy is killed as an IED detonates under the van of Rajamuda Kasim, a candidate for councillor in the town of Parang, Maguindanao. At least 4 others were injured.[126]

February 27 12 17 Small arms and Grenade/RPG fire Tubigan, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Suspected al-Qaida-linked militants attack a village in Maluso during a pre-dawn raid, killing 12 people including four young children.[127] About 70 gunmen linked to the extremist Abu Sayyaf group fired grenade launchers and automatic rifles on houses, and torched others while residents were sleeping, killing one government-armed militiaman and 10 civilians in the village of Tubigan on the island of Basilan.[128][129]

The regional health chief confirmed to the Associated Press that seventeen people were wounded in the attack, with nine in a critical condition, including four children.[129] Several of those critically wounded died later in Zamboanga City hospitals.[130]

The attack followed the killing of an Abu Sayyaf commander and the arrest of two key members and government forces had been warned to be on alert for reprisal attacks.[128] Lieutenant General Ben Dolorfino, chief of the military's Western Mindanao Command, indicated that a clan war was the apparent motive in the killings and the attack had been motivated by a personal grudge with the village chairman.[127][129]

March 15 1 2+ Improvised Explosive Device Davao City, Davao
A soldier dies after a military truck was bombed by suspected New People's Army guerrillas in Davao City. A truck carrying members of the Philippine Army was bombed while cruising along a road in the Paquibato district around 2:50 p.m. Two soldiers were also hurt and evacuated to Davao Medical Center.[131]

March 20 4 5 Improvised Explosive Device Antipolo City, CALABARZON
Four policemen are killed and five others were wounded in an ambush by leftist rebels in the northern city of Antipolo. A team from the Philippine National Police Special Action Force were aboard their vehicle when suspected New People's Army rebels detonated a land mine at San Jose village in Antipolo City around 6 am.[132]

April 12 14 many Improvised Explosive Devices / Small arms and grenade/RPG fire Isabela City, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
At least 25 suspected Abu Sayyaf militants wearing police and military camouflage uniforms set off two bombs in Isabela City and open fire on other bystanders, killing three Marines, a policeman and six civilians and wounding a large number of others.[133]

The first bomb detonated inside a van about 10:30 am outside an education department building and opposite a sports stadium. The second, rigged to a motorcycle left near a Roman Catholic church, exploded minutes later and heavily damaged the building.[134]

The bombings ignited gun battles around the city between rebels and security forces, with the militants allegedly targeting helpless civilians seeking cover. A civilian was briefly held hostage while some militants fled and third bomb placed near a judge's house opposite a bus terminal was safely detonated later by soldiers.[135] The city mayor, Cherry Akbar, stated almost all of the 14 fatalities were caused by small arms fire, including at least four militants, one of whom apparently perished in the first blast. Two injured suspects were arrested after the attack and interrogated, giving an account that they had been hired.[133]

June 23 4 6 Small arms fire / Machete Maluso, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Four civilians died and six were wounded in an afternoon attack by about 30 hooded attackers on a commuter jeep going home from Basilan's capital of Isabela City, through the township of Maluso.[136][137]

The attackers, believed to be Abu Sayyaf militants, fired from a hill with rifles onto the jeepney, killing two passengers instantly. Other commuters were struck and killed by bullets as they tried to flee, stated police chief for the island province of Basilan, Antonio Mendoza, who also confirmed a 10-year-old boy that survived the attack had been struck repeatedly by a machete. The al-Qaeda linked militants may have staged the attack to divert government troops from a weeklong offensive in a nearby town.[136]

August 5 2 23 Improvised Explosive Device Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula
A bomb explodes in a suitcase carried by a respected individual of the Zamboanga Christian community outside the terminal of Zamboanga International Airport, killing the carrier and a passer-by and wounding at least 24 others with shrapnel, including an elderly British man who lived in the area.[138] As suicide bombings have not been known to happen before in the Philippines, police were investigating the theory that the suspected bomber was not a suicide bomber in the usual sense, but a proxy who may not have known he was carrying a remotely detonated weapon.[139]

The Governor of Sulu, Sakur Tan, stated that the bomb may have been intended for him as he arrived from Manila, however Army officers believe the attack had been linked to the U.S. ambassador's visit to Zamboanga, scheduled for August 6 and cancelled for security reasons.[138]

August 28 5 unknown Small arms fire San Pascual (Masbate), Bicol Region
A municipal counselor and four others, including two teenagers, were shot and killed in an ambush by at least 10 members of an unidentified armed group at Bolod village in San Pascual, Masbate. The victims were identified as municipal counselor Wenceslao Sinagpulo Jr., Baptist church Pastor Rolito Aragaon, driver Rael Ponte and high school students Ronnie Orcales and Raffy Francisco. The town councilor Wenceslao Sinagpulo Jr. and the other four victims died at the scene after their vehicle was ambushed by unknown assailants at around 2:30 p.m. as they travelled towards Mapanique village. Masbate Representative Narciso Bravo declared that the killing was politically motivated, however no group has claimed responsibility.[140]

October 21 10 9+ Improvised Explosive Device Matalam, SOCCSKSARGEN
Ten people, including a bus conductor, die in a blast on board a bus travelling on a highway outside Matalam township of North Cotabato. The bus is thought to have had 60 passengers aboard when the explosion happened, killing eight people at the scene and critically wounding six others, 2 mortally.[141][142]

The bomb is believed to have been hidden inside a bag, placed in a luggage compartment at the rear of the bus, and detonated soon after a group of men who were suspected to have planted it exited the vehicle. An ordnance team stated it appeared to have been an 81 mm mortar round that was remotely detonated using mobile phones.[143]

A previous bus bombing in the vicinity of Matalam, in 2007, was attributed to the al-Khobar group, a gang of former Muslim insurgents that had taken to extortion. They are the prime suspects in the 2010 attack as the bus company involved in the bombing had been targeted for extortion in the past.

November 15 1 2 Improvised Explosive Device Carmen, SOCCSKSARGEN
A bomb explodes at a passenger bus terminal in the North Cotabato province's Carmen township, killing one person and wounding two others. The explosion at the station occurred near an outer fence, wounding two people on a bus and one standing nearby. The 17-year-old male bystander was critically wounded and later died at a hospital.[144]

December 15 2 1+ Small arms fire Las Navas, Eastern Visayas
Two civilians were killed, one of them a 15-year-old boy and the other a former barangay chairman of Brgy. Poponton, in the ambush on a pump boat along Hinaga River in the Northern Samar town of Las Navas. Five soldiers and a civilian were reported missing as a result of the ambush carried out with automatic weapons at around 5 pm that left the civilian vessel heavily damaged. The attack was believed to have been committed by an undetermined number of NPA rebels who were said to be hiding along the forested area of the Hinaga River.[145]

December 25 0 11+ Improvised explosive device Jolo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
A bomb explodes during Christmas Day Mass at a chapel inside a police camp, wounding a priest and 10 churchgoers, all of whom were civilians. The device was hidden in a ventilation window near the ceiling of the chapel, inside the compound where the provincial police office is located in Jolo town on Jolo Island. Investigators recovered parts of a cell phone they believe detonated the device.[146] Pope Benedict XVI condemned the attack as what he called "absurd violence" against Christians.[147]


[edit] 2011Date Dead Injured Modusoperandi Location and description
January 25 5 13 Improvised Explosive Device Makati City, Metro Manila
A bomb explodes on board a Newman Goldliner bus at the corner of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Buendia avenue in Makati, Manila, killing five and wounding thirteen more.[148] Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo stated preliminary findings showed the weapon used an 81mm mortar with a timing device triggered by mobile phone, similar to bombs detonated in Mindanao at the time. Police believe the device, which blew a hole in the side of the bus, was placed under a seat halfway down the vehicle carrying about 30 commuters at the time of the blast.[149]

March 9 4 10 Improvised Explosive Device Jolo, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Four people are killed, mostly rickshaw drivers waiting for commuters, when a powerful blast, believed to be from an improvised bomb, detonated outside a San Raymundo village primary school in Jolo. The school was empty at the time of the blast that severely damaged the school building.[150] Local military Chief Brigadier General Romeo Tanalgo released the names of those killed, revising down the figure of five fatalities to only two people who were killed at the scene and another two who died in hospital.[151] At least ten others were wounded, three seriously.[152]

March 26 3 1 Small arms and grenade fire Tampakan, SOCCSKSARGEN
Three construction workers are killed and another wounded in an attack staged by leftist rebels in the ore rich township of Tampakan. Ten gunmen, believed New Peoples Army rebels, ambushed a convoy of five trucks at around 1:30pm with small arms and grenades in the village of Danlag, Cotabato.[153]

April 4 11 3+ Automatic weapons fire / small arms fire / RPG fire Mangudadatu, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Up to 11 people, including relatives of Maguindanao Governor Esmael Mangudadatu, and a Moro rebel were killed in a confrontation related to a dispute over a fishing ground in the province. Mangudadatu stated local officials, joined by 150 supporters, were inspecting a road project near Lake Buluan in Mangudadatu town, around 8:20 a.m. when suspected Moro rebels fired upon the gathered crowd. Eight of his supporters died at the scene of the attack while three others were transported to hospital with mortal injuries. Mangudadatu's wife, relatives and other supporters were murdered, along with 32 journalists and staff in a 2009 massacre in Maguindanao.[154] A civil-military relations officer confimed the victims were to inspect a road project in Barangay Tenuk in Mangudadatu town at 3 p.m. when the gunmen, positioned on one side of the road, opened fire with assault rifles and B-40 anti-tank rockets.[155]

The Philippine military reported approximately 100 Moro Islamic Liberation Front rebels took part in Sunday's attack, and at least one was identified as being killed during the fighting. Numerous residents fled their homes and Army troops took positions between the two sides in an attempt to pacify them and prevent new clashes, said military spokesman Colonel Prudencio Asto, spokesman for the Army's 6th Division.[154] Col. Asto, confirmed that the violence stemmed from a clash between MILF troops led by Salendab and supporters of the Mangudadatus, who are locked in a two-decade-old "rido" or clan war with the Mangudadatus, apparently over control of strategic tracts of land in three adjoining Maguindanao towns.[155]

April 6 3 1+ Small arms fire Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga Peninsula
A couple and a marshall on board a bus are killed and other passengers are robbed by four gunmen who later torched the vehicle. The gunmen, who were posing as passengers, fired on the two bus marshalls, killing one and wounding the other. An army major, who tried to draw his weapon in defence, and the army major's wife were also fatally wounded.[156]

June 26 2 15 Improvised Explosive Device Isabela City, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Two people are killed and 15 wounded in dual bomb blasts, one outside a canteen near a Catholic church and the second near the Commission on Audit building in the North Cotabato region. Provincial police say improvised explosive devices were used in both incidents.[157][158]

August 2 2 9 Improvised Explosive Device

Terrorism in the Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
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You are just one of the Chinese brainwashed by your gov't to believe China owns SCS.
Can you name a single country that supports China's 9-dash claim??? NO, YOU CAN'T!!! Can you identify specific historical evidence backing Beijing's claims that it owns disputed islands in the West Philippine Sea??? NO, YOU CAN'T. Can you show any Chinese ancient territorial map that shows it owns the SCS??? NO, YOU CAN'T.

The Philippines has in fact the right, by virtue the EEZ conferred to them by UNCLOS. Not only the right, we have also the RESPONSIBILITY to safeguard the bio-marine life and the environment in these waters. Your China's claim that the Philippines is harassing Chinese fishing vessel is a TOTAL LIE. We are just enforcing our laws because those Chinese fishing vessel is violating our territory and law.

Oh atleast we had the balls to protect in the united nation against france occupation of those islands, where were you then when france invaded those islands?

In 1933, France asserted its claims from 1887[24] to the Spratly and Paracel Islands on behalf of its then-colony Vietnam.[25] It occupied a number of the Spratly Islands, including Taiping Island, built weather stations on two, and administered them as part of French Indochina. This occupation was protested by the Republic of China government because France admitted finding Chinese fishermen there when French warships visited the nine islands.[26] In 1935, the ROC government also announced a sovereignty claim on the Spratly Islands. Japan occupied some of the islands in 1939 during World War II, and used the islands as a submarine base for the occupation of Southeast Asia. During the occupation, these islands were called Shinnan Shoto (新南諸島), literally the New Southern Islands, and put under the governance of Taiwan together with the Paracel Islands (西沙群岛). In 1945, The Republic of China sent its Naval ships to take control of the islands after the surrender of Japan. It had chosen the largest and perhaps the only inhabitable island, Taiping Island, as its base, and renamed the island under the name of the naval vessel as Taiping. The KMT force of Republic Of China briefly abandoned the islands after its defeat in China's civil war in 1949, but re-established the base in 1956. Today, Taiping Island is still administered by the Republic of China.

Spratly Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

cowardice chinese is just looking US control Taiwan and saving US$ to funding US army activities. China can't facing with US then only look in back of US.:bunny:

hehe this coward nation colonised your sorry asss nation for thousands of years, took some of yours islands in 1955 ,invaded your useless country in 1979, make seafood of illegal viets navy in 1988 lol
 
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