China Outer Space Science, Technology and Explorations: News & Updates

[Galactic Penguin SST]

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▲ 1. 祝融登火

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▲ 2. Landing sequence of Zhurong.

China Mars rover lands on red planet Video 2m41s
May 14, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1IUvKzYKn0
https://twitter.com/HenriKenhmann/status/1393383328821121028
https://twitter.com/MarsZhurong/status/1393379988762767360
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1VK411F7WY/?spm_id_from=333.788.recommend_more_video.-1




The Tianwen-1 Orbiter achieved the manoeuvre.

Zhurong Mars lander should have landed by now!

Zhurong's radio signal send from the surface is now 200 million km from Earth and will arrive in 17 minutes.

________________________

If sent, Zhurong's radio signal has arrived to Mission Control in Beijing now, and we are waiting for the official announcement.


光速太慢了，拜托跑快一点吧

Dude, Galactic Penguin told you to develop interplanetary supraluminal Quantum Entanglement Communication Network!


________________________

Rumors of a success circulating on weibo:

航天吧，有人发了这个，前方消息：已确认初始状态，正在等待太阳帆板打开和后续探测器自检

Data received on initial status but awaiting confirmation of the solar panels' opening for announcing the news.

https://archive.ph/HgfqH/eb2cac6cdd3888d877910a97f8c5bb88cc18fa36.jpg ; https://archive.ph/HgfqH/a7572ad57b2f8251cd7d99cc20ccd0ff400aa283/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210515001800/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E1Y0iz9XEAIVM2-?format=jpg&name=900x900
▲ 3. Hint of success.



________________________

Official, China joins the U.S. and Soviet Union becoming the only 3rd power in the world to successfully achieve soft landing on Mars at 7:18 Beijing Time!

【我国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得圆满成功】 中国青年报客户端北京航天城5月15日电:记者从国家航天局获悉，科研团队根据“祝融号”火星车发回遥测信号确认，5月15日，天问一号着陆巡视器成功着陆于火星乌托邦平原南部预选着陆区，我国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得圆满成功。

https://archive.ph/3gQZN/94bd7c526ef4f74e4b7f06690bd66f347a6387cf.jpg ; https://archive.ph/3gQZN/b630af3033ad2de4c12ba5b44d4a0d727c8142a8/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210515003518/https://9ifly.spacety.com/data/attachment/image/000/19/22/18_640_480.jpg ; https://9ifly.spacety.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=94560&pid=838518
▲ 4. China joins the U.S. and Soviet Union becoming the only 3rd power in the world to successfully achieve soft landing on Mars!

Succesful landing of Tianwen-1, on Mars! Landing point: 109.7 E, 25.1 N, less than 40 km from target location in Utopia Planitia. More details expected later!

https://archive.ph/ft33L/5fa4fe0030af7c912776c3d6459c49cdfb0c48f4.jpg ; https://archive.ph/ft33L/b58386f02e5379d87875722eef866302fe143e7e/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210515004227/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E1Y49FKXsAIIjnQ?format=jpg&name=4096x4096
▲ 5. Bounded planet, boundless mind.

XINHUA 【Official News丨#中国天问落火#】On May 15, China’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, landed in the pre-selected landing area in the southern Utopia Plain of Mars, and left China's footprint on it. This is an important step in China's interstellar exploration journey. In the follow-up, the Zhurong rover will carry out global imaging of the landing site, self-inspection and departure from the landing platform, and conduct inspections. #祝融祝融祝你成功#

微博

随时随地发现新鲜事！微博带你欣赏世界上每一个精彩瞬间，了解每一个幕后故事。分享你想表达的，让全世界都能听到你的心声！

m.weibo.cn

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▲ 6. CCTV13 report of the successful landing.

It is about 3:30 in the afternoon in Utopia Planitia at the landing site of Zhurong.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393365096609435648

China's Tianwen-1 probe lands on #Mars
2:38 AM · May 15, 2021
https://twitter.com/CGTNOfficial/status/1393365096609435648

At about 4 o'clock, the landing patrol and orbiter separated. After about 3 hours of flight, it entered the Martian atmosphere. After about 9 minutes of deceleration, hovering, obstacle avoidance, it successfully soft landed in the pre-selected landing zone in the southern Utopia Plain of Mars.

About 30 minutes after the two space orbiter and lander are separated, the orbiter has ascended and returned to the parked orbit to provide relay communication for the subsequent exploration missions of the landing patrol and build a communication link between the Earth and Mars.

In the follow-up, the Zhurong rover will sequentially perform global imaging of the landing site, self-check, leave the landing platform, and conduct inspections on the landing platform.

According to the scheduled plan, the rover will deploy the mast, solar panel and directional antenna in sequence within 3 Mars days after the landing, and establish a UHF inter-device communication link with the orbiter.

The rover will be deployed to the surface of Mars within 9 Mars days.

Within 15 Martian days, the initial data upload will be completed. (China Aerospace News)

https://twitter.com/TheElegant055/status/1393369410740555776​

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▲ 7. Zhurong Mars Rover.

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▲ 8. After Bharat the character “中” on the rear wheels. 这是学习了印度的先进经验

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▲ 9. Reaction control system (RCS) of the reentry capsule.

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▲ 10. Flap deployed on the reentry capsule.

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▲ 11. Zhurong lander hovering before final touch down.

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▲ 12. Group photo in front of the classic big red screen. Crowd is shouting "火星你好！！" ("Hello Mars!")

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▲ 13. Solar panels, mast and HGA deployment already completed.

https://archive.ph/w6g6Z/ebc6d46f31bfcafbe3c1203fc75d4a4641b30336.jpg ; https://archive.ph/w6g6Z/d3f765a068a31cf34db75aa5468886cc6813b9cd/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210515061301/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E1ZJWfKVUAgb_m1?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 14. the landing site for Zhurong. The line is the distance between the reported landing coordinates (top left) to the planned landing site (bottom right, which would be the centre of their landing ellipse). Landing was about 39.04km to the WNW.

https://archive.ph/3RZkt/3c8afa83bfe0c9bd380e73bbc9f7c38bb95a50cc.jpg ; https://archive.ph/3RZkt/ec186cc92722240be8416a8f8df330e23953dec6/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210515061907/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E1ZFJ2WVUAQKjsA?format=jpg&name=4096x4096
▲ 15. Mars probes current lineup.

 

[Han Patriot]

Officially from Xinhua

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393365942629855234

 

[艹艹艹]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393771331011944449

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393776100786929669

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393775068119928834

 

[Beast]

Chinese cargo craft for space station mission ready for launch

China's Long March-7 Y3 rocket, carrying the Tianzhou-2 cargo craft for China's space station, was transferred to the launch area at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in south China's Hainan Province on Sunday.

news.cgtn.com

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

Very low IQ 2.5 PB angry American troll asking questions, then deleting immediately entire pages, fearing Galactic Penguin's reply!

Galactic Penguin SST FULL MEMBER wrote on 14 Apr 2021 at 2:45 AM

Starlink Game Changer: What went wrong with the U.S. Mars Helicopter?

Characteristics Of The U.S. Electric Powered Mars Helicopter
Solar Panels The advanced quadruple-junction metamorphic solar cells that cap Ingenuity are specially “tuned to the Mars spectrum,” Balaram says, meaning they’re optimized to absorb the most energy from the light found on Mars. Li-Ion Batteries The solar panels will charge Ingenuity’s six Sony Lithium-ion batteries. If needed, the battery pack can generate around 500 Watts, Balaram says. It takes roughly one Martian sol—depending on factors like the season and the scope of the mission—to recharge the helicopter’s batteries.
Meet Ingenuity, the First Helicopter on Mars That Has More Computing Than Any Previous NASA Spacecraft For the first time ever, a tricked-out helo will take to the skies on another world. www.popularmechanics.com

We see that it takes more than 24 hours to recharge the batteries with the helicopter's solar panel.

And the untold truth is that once the blades are activated, the dust will settle and cover the solar panel after the blades stop rotating and if the vehicle is still on the ground.

https://archive.ph/vaJXR/b1e91bbbfcf4c9361ca499c5584482da6782d2d0.jpg ; https://archive.ph/vaJXR/985792ced84a3d9faf2acb871f0c35422a4d2212/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210414211733/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eyz2e54VgAAgvKH?format=jpg&name=large ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210413000311/https://www.twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1381759698647482370 ; https://archive.vn/ggKJN ; https://archive.vn/ggKJN/28d0b6df6ebf3169f2a70ee7ff036b773b50b882/scr.png ;
▲ 1. Dust covering the U.S. Mars helicopter's solar panel. 12 Apr 2021

This situation is so catastrophic as the helicopter did not even take off, because the rotor could not reach full speed!

The dust problem is not new, the wind will deposit sand and dust naturally as in any desert, and can even completely cripple a ground electric powered platform, such as the U.S. Mars Insight lander.

https://archive.ph/S9XdO/10b5f3f791fb3dc937c5adeca987f91efe51f2ea.jpg ; https://archive.ph/S9XdO/a37bc30c65cea60db796fff648888226bc3a8438/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210414211851/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Ey9Sr11VgAEPZqq?format=jpg&name=small ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210414204907/https://twitter.com/tobyliiiiiiiiii/status/1382414535546396679 ; https://archive.ph/cxjy0 ; https://archive.ph/cxjy0/3ba5d0a880ebe8aa006bb860c80ee8c18c628a34/scr.png
▲ 2. The U.S. Mars Insight lander has dust over it's solar panels and is going to die if the batteries are not recharged.

Conclusion, on Earth the electric powered military combat platform are not immune to the dust problem.

That is why the U.S. military Starlink orbital array is the game changer that allows entire armies of robotic platforms to be recharged from LEO 24/7, independently from the sun light, by using microwave instead.

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/us-space-program-a-thread.380100/post-13064047
​

Hamartia Antidote said on 14 Apr 2021:
China Mars rover will fail because of the Martian dust!

Reply here in this thread:

China is playing several steps in advances, unlike the U.S.' N.A.S.A.!

• Not only the Deep Space Network was tested even beyond the distance of Mars, with the Chang'e 2 lunar orbiter venturing up to 300 millions km distance that is near the asteroid belt (asteroid belt is roughly 329 million to 478.7 million km), contact being lost in 2014 due to weakening of the signal.
• But piloting such space probe even beyond Mars orbit was therefore fully mastered back since 2012
• The Mars lander technology was tested with success on the moon, with fully automated A.I., not requiring human command, several times with Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4 and Chang'e-5 lunar landers. Technology mastered since 2013.
• The Mars rover technology was tested with success on the moon, several times with Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4. Technology mastered since 2013.
• The Mars atmosheric capsule reentry technology was mastered with the Chang'e 5-T1 mission, specifically design to test this phase. Technology mastered since 2014.
• The Mars mission space launcher was tested with success on the 3rd launch, following the failure on the second launch. CZ-5-Y3 launcher technology mastered since 27 December 2019.

Therefore China could have launched a Mars rover mission right after 2019 already, if not for the biannual launch window!

• To answer the troll question of the desperate American bot, China has developed an unique strategy to ensure that no solar panels can be covered in dust!

First cutting-edge Alien technology used on Zhurong-1 Mars Rover is the special electro-static nanotech-coating that prevent dust covering its solar panels.
Second technology is the gap designed to allow all the residual heavier particles of sand to slip over the panels. For this, special electrical actuators will fold the panels at a 90 degrees vertical position. Furthermore, in case of severe weather and during the night, the panels will be folded, like those plants that close up their flowers at night, such as Dandelions, Tulips, Poppies, Gazanias, Crocuses and Osteospermums known as day bloomers. They close at night and reopen in the morning, in a manner reminiscent of “going to sleep”. The flowers usually close at night in environments in which nights are cold and wet.
At night Mars is cold, and dew can form ice that would prevent the sands from being dusted.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1393964393352896512

https://archive.is/EjTaM/843c8eb7eb72885a60309f9c56fbbb10b61eaf64/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210516210012/https://twitter.com/Kaynouky/status/1393964393352896512 ; https://archive.is/EjTaM
▲ 1. Active anti-dust technology of Zhurong-1 Mars rover.

 

[JSCh]

NEWS RELEASE 2-APR-2021
Evidence for PeVatrons, the Milky Way's most powerful particle accelerators | EurekAlert! Science News
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES HEADQUARTERS

View attachment 730337​

The China-Japan collaboration placed new water Cherenkov-type muon detectors under the existing air-shower array in 2014.
CREDIT
Image by Institute of High Energy Physics

The Tibet ASγ experiment, a China-Japan joint research project on cosmic-ray observation, has discovered ultra-high-energy diffuse gamma rays from the Milky Way galaxy. The highest energy detected is estimated to be unprecedentedly high, nearly 1 Peta electronvolts (PeV, or one million billion eV).

Surprisingly, these gamma rays do not point back to known high-energy gamma-ray sources, but are spread out across the Milky Way (see Fig.1).

Scientists believe these gamma rays are produced by the nuclear interaction between cosmic rays escaping from the most powerful galactic sources ("PeVatrons") and interstellar gas in the Milky Way galaxy. This observational evidence marks an important milestone in revealing the origin of cosmic rays, which has puzzled mankind for more than a century.

Cosmic rays are high-energy particles from outer space that are mainly composed of protons and nuclei, as well as small numbers of electrons/positrons and gamma rays. Cosmic rays below a few PeV are believed to be produced in our Milky Way galaxy, and a source that can accelerate cosmic rays up to PeV energy is called a PeVatron. Although supernova remnants, star-forming regions and the supermassive black hole at the galactic center are suggested to be candidate PeVatrons, none have been identified observationally yet, mainly because the majority of cosmic rays have an electric charge and will lose their original direction when propagating in the Milky Way as well as be bent by the magnetic field.

However, cosmic rays can interact with the interstellar medium near their acceleration place and produce gamma rays with roughly 10% of the energy of their parent cosmic rays. As the direction of electrically neutral gamma rays cannot be changed by the magnetic field, ultra-high-energy gamma rays (0.1-1 PeV) may tell us where the PeVatrons are in the Milky Way.

The Tibet ASγ experiment was started in 1990. After several expansions, the current air shower array consists of more than 500 radiation detectors distributed across about 65,000 square meters. In order to improve its sensitivity to gamma rays observations, new water Cherenkov-type muon detectors with a total effective area of 3400 m2 were added under the existing surface cosmic-ray detectors in 2014 (see Fig. 2).

Since gamma-rays events are muon poor and the dominant proton/nucleus events are muon rich, this feature can be used to suppress the background induced by the proton/nucleus events. Using this technique, the Tibet ASγ experiment successfully reduced proton/nucleus background events to one millionth, the most efficient one ever realized in this kind of experiment. We can therefore detect ultra-high-energy gamma rays almost free of cosmic-ray background events.

Scientists from the Tibet ASγ experiment observed gamma rays with energies between about 0.1 and 1 PeV coming from the galactic disk regions. Specifically, they found 23 ultra-high-energy cosmic gamma rays with energies above 398 TeV along the Milky Way. Of these, the highest energy observed was nearly 1 PeV, which is a new world record for gamma ray photons detected anywhere.

Surprisingly, these gamma rays do not point back to the most powerful known high-energy gamma-ray sources, but are spread out along the Milky Way! Scientists soon noticed that these gamma rays probably originated from the interaction of PeV cosmic rays and the interstellar medium after they escaped from the acceleration sources (PeVatrons). This process, known as "hadronic origin," produces gamma rays with energies roughly one-tenth that of their parent cosmic rays via the production and subsequent decay of neutral pions.

These diffuse gamma rays hint at the ubiquitous existence of powerful cosmic particle accelerators (PeVatrons) within the Milky Way. In other words, if PeVatrons exist, the cosmic rays they emit would permeate the galaxy, producing a diffuse glow of gamma rays of extreme energies. That' s just what scientists with the Tibet ASγ experiment have found. This is a long-awaited discovery for decades, providing unequivocal evidence for the existence of PeVatrons in the past and/or now in our Milky Way galaxy.

Two years ago, scientists of the Tibet ASγ experiment found extremely energetic gamma rays from the Crab Nebula, a pulsar wind nebula in the Milky Way. Those gamma rays were probably produced in a different manner, such as by high energy electrons/positrons in the nebula, a process called "leptonic origin."

View attachment 730338​

Distribution of the ultra-high-energy gamma rays (yellow points) detected by the Tibet ASγ experiment in the galactic coordinate system. They are obviously concentrated along the galactic disk. The gray shaded area indicates what is outside of the field of view. The background color shows atomic hydrogen distribution in the galactic coordinates.
CREDIT
Image by https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/foreground/fg_hi4pi_get.cfm

View attachment 730339​

The Tibet air shower array located 4300 m above sea level in Tibet, China
CREDIT
Image by Institute of High Energy Physics


Also report of the research from the "American Physical Society"

https://twitter.com/x/status/1377334971589779456

LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era
2021-05-15

China's Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO)—one of the country's key national science and technology infrastructure facilities—has found a dozen ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic accelerators within the Milky Way. It has also detected photons with energies exceeding 1 peta-electron-volt (quadrillion electron-volts or PeV), including one at 1.4 PeV. The latter is the highest energy photon ever observed. These findings overturn our traditional understanding of the Milky Way and open up an era of UHE gamma astronomy. These observations will prompt us to rethink the mechanism by which high-energy particles are generated and propagated in the Milky Way. In addition, these observations will encourage us to explore more deeply violent celestial phenomena and their physical processes as well as test basic physical laws under extreme conditions. These discoveries are published in the journal Nature on May 17. The LHAASO International Collaboration, which is led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, completed this study.

....

LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era ----Institute of High Energy Physics

 

[mike2000 is back]

Not only the Deep Space Network was tested even beyond the distance of Mars, with the Chang'e 2 lunar orbiter venturing up to 300 millions km distance that is near the asteroid belt (asteroid belt is roughly 329 million to 478.7 million km), contact being lost in 2014 due to weakening of the signal.

So Change 2 orbiter is lost/gone then?

 

[Han Patriot]

So Change 2 orbiter is lost/gone then?

Still alive, mission is abit like voyager

 

[mike2000 is back]

Still alive, mission is abit like voyager

I see. Interesting. it's been over a decade since it started uts deep space mission I think.So must be hundreds of millions of miles away from earth.
what plan do they have to establish communication if ever with the mission ? Or are they just going to wait and hope it can happen one day in future ?

 

[Han Patriot]

I see. Interesting. it's been over a decade since it started uts deep space mission I think.So must be hundreds of millions of miles away from earth.
what plan do they have to establish communication if ever with the mission ? Or are they just going to wait and hope it can happen one day in future ?

I think 2027,the probe was used to verify the max distance Chinese DSN could reach which was of course way further than Mars.

 

[JSCh]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1394249594192601099

 

[JSCh]

LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era
2021-05-15

China's Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO)—one of the country's key national science and technology infrastructure facilities—has found a dozen ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic accelerators within the Milky Way. It has also detected photons with energies exceeding 1 peta-electron-volt (quadrillion electron-volts or PeV), including one at 1.4 PeV. The latter is the highest energy photon ever observed. These findings overturn our traditional understanding of the Milky Way and open up an era of UHE gamma astronomy. These observations will prompt us to rethink the mechanism by which high-energy particles are generated and propagated in the Milky Way. In addition, these observations will encourage us to explore more deeply violent celestial phenomena and their physical processes as well as test basic physical laws under extreme conditions. These discoveries are published in the journal Nature on May 17. The LHAASO International Collaboration, which is led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, completed this study.

....

LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era ----Institute of High Energy Physics

Chinese observatory detects cosmic light that may rewrite laws of physics

Cosmic ray detector detects more than a dozen sources of ‘oh-my-God’ particles, which could help dispel scepticism over their still unexplained existence.

www.scmp.com

Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources - Nature

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

www.nature.com

 

[JSCh]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1394722714108239872

Physical Review Letters @PhysRevLett

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) confirms that the cosmic ray helium spectrum softens at about 34 TeV.
Letter: https://go.aps.org/2Qw6FGA

Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer has made the most precise measurements of galactic cosmic rays to date.

journals.aps.org

Synopsis:

Confirming a Cosmic-Ray Bump

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer has made the most precise measurements of galactic cosmic rays to date.

physics.aps.org

2:33 AM · May 19, 2021

 

[JSCh]

The Sixth Academy of CASC successfully developed China's first newton-class Hall-effect thruster
The Sixth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
Today

Recently, China's first 20 kW high-power Hall-effect thruster(HET) developed by 801 Institute of the Sixth Academy of CASC successfully completed ignition test, ignition time totaled 8 hours, ignition times exceeded 30 times. The successful development of this thruster, realized the leap of China's HET from millinewton to newton class.

During the test, the thruster has exhibit reliable ignition and stable operation parameters. The measured thrust is 1 N, the specific impulse is 3068 seconds, efficiency is greater than 70%, and the performance index reaches the international advanced level.

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It is reported that the thruster is designed with new technologies such as center hollow cathode and long-life magnetic shielding. During the development, key technologies such as high-current hollow cathodes, lightweight and compact accelerators, efficient thermal management, and high-voltage, high-power stable discharge have been adopted. The thruster has the characteristics of large thrust, high specific impulse, high reliability and long working life. It will provide power support for orbital maneuver/transfer, on-orbit maintenance and attitude control tasks for spacecraft such as large GEO (geostationary orbit) satellites, medium/heavy all-electric bus/platforms, deep space probes, earth orbit transport platforms, space shuttle/tugboat and other.

Screen capture of Hall effect thruster test. 20KW, maximum thrust 1.07N, maximum impulse 3300s.

 

[Beast]

Now currently which hall thruster is the best in terms of thrust produced?